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Abstract
Since its entry into biomedical research in the first half of the twentieth century, electron microscopy has been a valuable tool for lung researchers to explore the lung's delicate ultrastructure. Among others, it proved the existence of a continuous alveolar epithelium and demonstrated the surfactant lining layer. With the establishment of serial sectioning transmission electron microscopy, as the first "volume electron microscopic" technique, electron microscopy entered the third dimension and investigations of the lung's three-dimensional ultrastructure became possible. Over the years, further techniques, ranging from electron tomography over serial block-face and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy to array tomography became available. All techniques cover different volumes and resolutions, and, thus, different scientific questions. This review gives an overview of these techniques and their application in lung research, focusing on their fields of application and practical implementation. Furthermore, an introduction is given how the output raw data are processed and the final three-dimensional models can be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philipp Schneider
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Mühlfeld C, Wrede C, Molnár V, Rajces A, Brandenberger C. The plate body: 3D ultrastructure of a facultative organelle of alveolar epithelial type II cells involved in SP-A trafficking. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:261-269. [PMID: 32880000 PMCID: PMC7910259 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plate bodies are facultative organelles occasionally described in the adult lungs of various species, including sheep and goat. They consist of multiple layers of plate-like cisterns with an electron dense middle bar. The present study was performed to elucidate the three-dimensional (3D) characteristics of this organelle and its presumed function in surfactant protein A (SP-A) biology. Archived material of four adult goat lungs and PFA-fixed lung samples of two adult sheep lungs were used for the morphological and immunocytochemical parts of this study, respectively. 3D imaging was performed by electron tomography and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). Immuno gold labeling was used to analyze whether plate bodies are positive for SP-A. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of plate bodies in three of four goat lungs and in both sheep lungs. Electron tomography and FIB-SEM characterized the plate bodies as layers of two up to over ten layers of membranous cisterns with the characteristic electron dense middle bar. The membranes of the plates were in connection with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and showed vesicular inclusions in the middle of the plates and a vesicular network at the sides of the organelle. Immuno gold labeling revealed the presence of SP-A in the vesicular network of plate bodies but not in the characteristic plates themselves. In conclusion, the present study clearly proves the connection of plate bodies with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the presence of a vesicular network as part of the organelle involved in SP-A trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Research (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Research (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Rajces
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Research (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.
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Lemos M, Mallet A, Bertiaux E, Imbert A, Rotureau B, Bastin P. Timing and original features of flagellum assembly in trypanosomes during development in the tsetse fly. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:169. [PMID: 32248844 PMCID: PMC7132888 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosoma brucei exhibits a complex life-cycle alternating between tsetse flies and mammalian hosts. When parasites infect the fly, cells differentiate to adapt to life in various tissues, which is accompanied by drastic morphological and biochemical modifications especially in the proventriculus. This key step represents a bottleneck for salivary gland infection. Methods Here, we monitored flagellum assembly in trypanosomes during differentiation from the trypomastigote to the epimastigote stage, i.e. when the nucleus migrates to the posterior end of the cell, by using three-dimensional electron microscopy (focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, FIB-SEM) and immunofluorescence assays. Results The combination of light and electron microscopy approaches provided structural and molecular evidence that the new flagellum is assembled while the nucleus migrates towards the posterior region of the body. Two major differences with well-known procyclic cells are reported. First, growth of the new flagellum begins when the associated basal body is found in a posterior position relative to the mature flagellum. Secondly, the new flagellum acquires its own flagellar pocket before rotating on the left side of the anterior-posterior axis. FIB-SEM revealed the presence of a structure connecting the new and mature flagellum and serial sectioning confirmed morphological similarities with the flagella connector of procyclic cells. We discuss the potential function of the flagella connector in trypanosomes from the proventriculus. Conclusions These findings show that T. brucei finely modulates its cytoskeletal components to generate highly variable morphologies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Moara Lemos
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur & INSERM U1201, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur & INSERM U1201, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,UtechS Ultrastructural Bioimaging (Ultrapole), C2RT, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université école doctorale Complexité du Vivant, ED 515, 7, quai Saint-Bernard, case 32, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Eloïse Bertiaux
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur & INSERM U1201, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université école doctorale Complexité du Vivant, ED 515, 7, quai Saint-Bernard, case 32, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Brice Rotureau
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur & INSERM U1201, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bastin
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur & INSERM U1201, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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Guo JS, Wang XQ, Li DT, Song DD, Zhang CX. Three-dimensional architecture of a mechanoreceptor in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, revealed by FIB-SEM. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 379:487-95. [PMID: 31768711 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Trichoid sensilla are the most common mechanoreceptors in insects; depending on their distribution, they can act as either exteroceptors or proprioceptors. In this study, the internal structure of the trichoid sensillum from Nilaparvata lugens was studied, using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). We reconstructed a three-dimensional (3D) model derived from the FIB-SEM data set. The model displayed characteristic mechanosensory sensilla components, including a hair inserted in the socket, a dendrite going through the laminated cuticle, and an electron-dense tubular body at the dendrite terminal. The detailed 3D model showed the relationship between the microtubules within the tubular body and those outside of the tubular body. We also found an autocellular junction in the tormogen cell, indicating that the tormogen cell grows around the dendrite sheath to form a hollow column shape during sensilla morphogenesis.
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