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Al Sayed ZR, Pereira C, Le Borgne R, Viaris de Lesegno C, Jouve C, Pénard E, Mallet A, Masurkar N, Loussouarn G, Verbavatz JM, Lamaze C, Trégouët DA, Hulot JS. CAVIN1-Mediated hERG Dynamics: A Novel Mechanism Underlying the Interindividual Variability in Drug-Induced Long QT. Circulation 2024. [PMID: 38682330 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.063917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced QT prolongation (diLQT) is a feared side effect that could expose susceptible individuals to fatal arrhythmias. The occurrence of diLQT is primarily attributed to unintended drug interactions with cardiac ion channels, notably the hERG (human ether-a-go-go-related gene) channels that generate the delayed-rectifier potassium current (IKr) and thereby regulate the late repolarization phase. There is an important interindividual susceptibility to develop diLQT, which is of unknown origin but can be reproduced in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CMs). We aimed to investigate the dynamics of hERG channels in response to sotalol and to identify regulators of the susceptibility to developing diLQT. METHODS We measured electrophysiological activity and cellular distribution of hERG channels after hERG blocker treatment in iPS-CMs derived from patients with highest sensitivity (HS) or lowest sensitivity (LS) to sotalol administration in vivo (ie, on the basis of the measure of the maximal change in QT interval 3 hours after administration). Specific small interfering RNAs and CAVIN1-T2A-GFP adenovirus were used to manipulate CAVIN1 expression. RESULTS Whereas HS and LS iPS-CMs showed similar electrophysiological characteristics at baseline, the late repolarization phase was prolonged and IKr significantly decreased after exposure of HS iPS-CMs to low sotalol concentrations. IKr reduction was caused by a rapid translocation of hERG channel from the membrane to the cytoskeleton-associated fractions upon sotalol application. CAVIN1, essential for caveolae biogenesis, was 2× more highly expressed in HS iPS-CMs, and its knockdown by small interfering RNA reduced their sensitivity to sotalol. CAVIN1 overexpression in LS iPS-CMs using adenovirus showed reciprocal effects. We found that treatment with sotalol promoted translocation of the hERG channel from the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton fractions in a process dependent on CAVIN1 (caveolae associated protein 1) expression. CAVIN1 silencing reduced the number of caveolae at the membrane and abrogated the translocation of hERG channel in sotalol-treated HS iPS-CMs. CAVIN1 also controlled cardiomyocyte responses to other hERG blockers, such as E4031, vandetanib, and clarithromycin. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies unbridled turnover of the potassium channel hERG as a mechanism supporting the interindividual susceptibility underlying diLQT development and demonstrates how this phenomenon is finely tuned by CAVIN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina R Al Sayed
- PARCC, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. (Z.R.A.S., C.P., C.J., N.M., J.-S.H.)
| | - Céline Pereira
- PARCC, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. (Z.R.A.S., C.P., C.J., N.M., J.-S.H.)
| | - Rémi Le Borgne
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. (R.L.B., J.-M.V.)
| | | | - Charlène Jouve
- PARCC, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. (Z.R.A.S., C.P., C.J., N.M., J.-S.H.)
| | - Esthel Pénard
- Ultrastructural BioImaging Core Facility (UBI), C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. (E.P., A.M.)
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Ultrastructural BioImaging Core Facility (UBI), C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. (E.P., A.M.)
| | - Nihar Masurkar
- PARCC, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. (Z.R.A.S., C.P., C.J., N.M., J.-S.H.)
| | - Gildas Loussouarn
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (G.L.)
| | - Jean-Marc Verbavatz
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. (R.L.B., J.-M.V.)
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR 3666, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France (C.V.d.L., C.L.)
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- INSERM UMR_S 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, France (D.-A.T.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- PARCC, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. (Z.R.A.S., C.P., C.J., N.M., J.-S.H.)
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France (J.-S.H.)
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2
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Alsayyah C, Singh MK, Morcillo-Parra MA, Cavellini L, Shai N, Schmitt C, Schuldiner M, Zalckvar E, Mallet A, Belgareh-Touzé N, Zimmer C, Cohen MM. Mitofusin-mediated contacts between mitochondria and peroxisomes regulate mitochondrial fusion. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002602. [PMID: 38669296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitofusins are large GTPases that trigger fusion of mitochondrial outer membranes. Similarly to the human mitofusin Mfn2, which also tethers mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the yeast mitofusin Fzo1 stimulates contacts between Peroxisomes and Mitochondria when overexpressed. Yet, the physiological significance and function of these "PerMit" contacts remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Fzo1 naturally localizes to peroxisomes and promotes PerMit contacts in physiological conditions. These contacts are regulated through co-modulation of Fzo1 levels by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and by the desaturation status of fatty acids (FAs). Contacts decrease under low FA desaturation but reach a maximum during high FA desaturation. High-throughput genetic screening combined with high-resolution cellular imaging reveal that Fzo1-mediated PerMit contacts favor the transit of peroxisomal citrate into mitochondria. In turn, citrate enters the TCA cycle to stimulate the mitochondrial membrane potential and maintain efficient mitochondrial fusion upon high FA desaturation. These findings thus unravel a mechanism by which inter-organelle contacts safeguard mitochondrial fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Alsayyah
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Manish K Singh
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
- Imaging and Modeling Unit, Pasteur Institute, UMR 3691 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Maria Angeles Morcillo-Parra
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Cavellini
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Nadav Shai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christine Schmitt
- Ultrastructural BioImaging Core Facility, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Einat Zalckvar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Ultrastructural BioImaging Core Facility, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Naïma Belgareh-Touzé
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Zimmer
- Imaging and Modeling Unit, Pasteur Institute, UMR 3691 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël M Cohen
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
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3
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Renaud O, Aulner N, Salles A, Halidi N, Brunstein M, Mallet A, Aumayr K, Terjung S, Levy D, Lippens S, Verbavatz JM, Heuser T, Santarella-Mellwig R, Tinevez JY, Woller T, Botzki A, Cawthorne C, Munck S. Staying on track - Keeping things running in a high-end scientific imaging core facility. J Microsc 2024. [PMID: 38656474 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Modern life science research is a collaborative effort. Few research groups can single-handedly support the necessary equipment, expertise and personnel needed for the ever-expanding portfolio of technologies that are required across multiple disciplines in today's life science endeavours. Thus, research institutes are increasingly setting up scientific core facilities to provide access and specialised support for cutting-edge technologies. Maintaining the momentum needed to carry out leading research while ensuring high-quality daily operations is an ongoing challenge, regardless of the resources allocated to establish such facilities. Here, we outline and discuss the range of activities required to keep things running once a scientific imaging core facility has been established. These include managing a wide range of equipment and users, handling repairs and service contracts, planning for equipment upgrades, renewals, or decommissioning, and continuously upskilling while balancing innovation and consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Renaud
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Platform (PICT-IBiSA, France-BioImaging), Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Aulner
- Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (UTechS-PBI, C2RT), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Photonic Bio-Imaging, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Salles
- Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (UTechS-PBI, C2RT), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Photonic Bio-Imaging, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Halidi
- Advanced Light Microscopy Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maia Brunstein
- Bioimaging Core Facility, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut de l'Audition, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (UBI, C2RT), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Ultrastructural BioImaging, Paris, France
| | - Karin Aumayr
- BioOptics Facility, Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, Austria
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences (GMI), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Terjung
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Levy
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Platform (PICT-IBiSA, France-BioImaging), Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Verbavatz
- Institut Jacques Monod (Imagoseine), Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Heuser
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Wien, Austria
| | | | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Image Analysis Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Woller
- VIB Technology Training, Data Core, VIB BioImaging Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Neuroscience Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Christopher Cawthorne
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Munck
- Neuroscience Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB BioImaging Core, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Brault JB, Thouvenot C, Cannata Serio M, Paisant S, Fernandes J, Gény D, Danglot L, Mallet A, Naffakh N. A polarized cell system amenable to subcellular resolution imaging of influenza virus infection. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292977. [PMID: 38271396 PMCID: PMC10810476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The life cycle of influenza A viruses (IAV), and notably intracellular trafficking of the viral genome, depends on multiple interactions with the cellular cytoskeleton and endomembrane system. A limitation of the conventional cellular models used for mechanistic study and subcellular imaging of IAV infection is that they are cultured in two dimensions (2D) under non-polarizing conditions, and therefore they do not recapitulate the intracellular organization of the polarized respiratory epithelial cells naturally targeted by IAVs. To overcome this limitation, we developed an IAV-infection assay in a 3D cell culture system which allows imaging along the baso-lateral axis of polarized cells, with subcellular resolution. Here we describe a protocol to grow polarized monolayers of Caco2-TC7 cells on static Cytodex-3 microcarrier beads, infect them with IAV, and subsequently perform immunostaining and confocal imaging, or electron microscopy, on polarized IAV-infected cells. This method can be extended to other pathogens that infect human polarized epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Brault
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, RNA Biology of Influenza Viruses, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Thouvenot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, C2RT, Ultrastructural BioImaging Unit, Paris, France
| | - Magda Cannata Serio
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, RNA Biology of Influenza Viruses, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Paisant
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, RNA Biology of Influenza Viruses, Paris, France
| | - Julien Fernandes
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, C2RT, Unit of Technology and Services Photonic BioImaging, Paris, France
| | - David Gény
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, NeurImag Facility, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, NeurImag Facility, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain team, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, C2RT, Ultrastructural BioImaging Unit, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Naffakh
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, RNA Biology of Influenza Viruses, Paris, France
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5
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Uzum Z, Ershov D, Pavia MJ, Mallet A, Gorgette O, Plantard O, Sassera D, Stavru F. Three-dimensional images reveal the impact of the endosymbiont Midichloria mitochondrii on the host mitochondria. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4133. [PMID: 37438329 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The hard tick, Ixodes ricinus, a main Lyme disease vector, harbors an intracellular bacterial endosymbiont. Midichloria mitochondrii is maternally inherited and resides in the mitochondria of I. ricinus oocytes, but the consequences of this endosymbiosis are not well understood. Here, we provide 3D images of wild-type and aposymbiotic I. ricinus oocytes generated with focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative image analyses of endosymbionts and oocyte mitochondria at different maturation stages show that the populations of both mitochondrion-associated bacteria and bacterium-hosting mitochondria increase upon vitellogenisation, and that mitochondria can host multiple bacteria in later stages. Three-dimensional reconstructions show symbiosis-dependent morphologies of mitochondria and demonstrate complete M. mitochondrii inclusion inside a mitochondrion. Cytoplasmic endosymbiont located close to mitochondria are not oriented towards the mitochondria, suggesting that bacterial recolonization is unlikely. We further demonstrate individual globular-shaped mitochondria in the wild type oocytes, while aposymbiotic oocytes only contain a mitochondrial network. In summary, our study suggests that M. mitochondrii modulates mitochondrial fragmentation in oogenesis possibly affecting organelle function and ensuring its presence over generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerrin Uzum
- Unit Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial Cell, Institut Pasteur; CNRS UMR2001, Paris, France.
| | - Dmitry Ershov
- Image Analysis Hub, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Michael J Pavia
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Ultrastructural BioImaging Core Facility, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Gorgette
- Ultrastructural BioImaging Core Facility, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Davide Sassera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Stavru
- Unit Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial Cell, Institut Pasteur; CNRS UMR2001, Paris, France
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6
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Jean P, Wong Jun Tai F, Singh-Estivalet A, Lelli A, Scandola C, Megharba S, Schmutz S, Roux S, Mechaussier S, Sudres M, Mouly E, Heritier AV, Bonnet C, Mallet A, Novault S, Libri V, Petit C, Michalski N. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the mouse cochlea: An atlas for targeted therapies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221744120. [PMID: 37339214 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221744120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional molecular characterization of the cochlea has mainly been driven by the deciphering of the genetic architecture of sensorineural deafness. As a result, the search for curative treatments, which are sorely lacking in the hearing field, has become a potentially achievable objective, particularly via cochlear gene and cell therapies. To this end, a complete inventory of cochlear cell types, with an in-depth characterization of their gene expression profiles right up to their final differentiation, is indispensable. We therefore generated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the mouse cochlea based on an analysis of more than 120,000 cells on postnatal day 8 (P8), during the prehearing period, P12, corresponding to hearing onset, and P20, when cochlear maturation is almost complete. By combining whole-cell and nuclear transcript analyses with extensive in situ RNA hybridization assays, we characterized the transcriptomic signatures covering nearly all cochlear cell types and developed cell type-specific markers. Three cell types were discovered; two of them contribute to the modiolus which houses the primary auditory neurons and blood vessels, and the third one consists in cells lining the scala vestibuli. The results also shed light on the molecular basis of the tonotopic gradient of the biophysical characteristics of the basilar membrane that critically underlies cochlear passive sound frequency analysis. Finally, overlooked expression of deafness genes in several cochlear cell types was also unveiled. This atlas paves the way for the deciphering of the gene regulatory networks controlling cochlear cell differentiation and maturation, essential for the development of effective targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Jean
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, Plasticity of Central Auditory Circuits, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Wong Jun Tai
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, Auditory Therapies Innovation Laboratory, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Amrit Singh-Estivalet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, Auditory Therapies Innovation Laboratory, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Andrea Lelli
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, Auditory Therapies Innovation Laboratory, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Cyril Scandola
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Ultrastructural BioImaging, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Megharba
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Cytometry and Biomarkers, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Schmutz
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Cytometry and Biomarkers, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Solène Roux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, Auditory Therapies Innovation Laboratory, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Mechaussier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, Plasticity of Central Auditory Circuits, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Muriel Sudres
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, Auditory Therapies Innovation Laboratory, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Enguerran Mouly
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, Auditory Therapies Innovation Laboratory, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Valérie Heritier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, Auditory Therapies Innovation Laboratory, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Crystel Bonnet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, Auditory Therapies Innovation Laboratory, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Ultrastructural BioImaging, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Novault
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Cytometry and Biomarkers, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Valentina Libri
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Cytometry and Biomarkers, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Christine Petit
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, Auditory Therapies Innovation Laboratory, F-75012 Paris, France
- Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Michalski
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, Plasticity of Central Auditory Circuits, F-75012 Paris, France
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7
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Guo H, Ryan JC, Song X, Mallet A, Zhang M, Pabst V, Decrulle AL, Ejsmont P, Wintermute EH, Lindner AB. Spatial engineering of E. coli with addressable phase-separated RNAs. Cell 2022; 185:3823-3837.e23. [PMID: 36179672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical processes often require spatial regulation and specific microenvironments. The general lack of organelles in bacteria limits the potential of bioengineering complex intracellular reactions. Here, we demonstrate synthetic membraneless organelles in Escherichia coli termed transcriptionally engineered addressable RNA solvent droplets (TEARS). TEARS are assembled from RNA-binding protein recruiting domains fused to poly-CAG repeats that spontaneously drive liquid-liquid phase separation from the bulk cytoplasm. Targeting TEARS with fluorescent proteins revealed multilayered structures with composition and reaction robustness governed by non-equilibrium dynamics. We show that TEARS provide organelle-like bioprocess isolation for sequestering biochemical pathways, controlling metabolic branch points, buffering mRNA translation rates, and scaffolding protein-protein interactions. We anticipate TEARS to be a simple and versatile tool for spatially controlling E. coli biochemistry. Particularly, the modular design of TEARS enables applications without expression fine-tuning, simplifying the design-build-test cycle of bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Guo
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Joseph C Ryan
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Xiaohu Song
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Ultrastructural BioImaging UTechS, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Victor Pabst
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Antoine L Decrulle
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Paulina Ejsmont
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Edwin H Wintermute
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ariel B Lindner
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), 75006 Paris, France.
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8
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Goubet AG, Lordello L, Alves Costa Silva C, Peguillet I, Gazzano M, Mbogning-Fonkou MD, Thelemaque C, Lebacle C, Thibault C, Audenet F, Pignot G, Gravis G, Helissey C, Campedel L, Roupret M, Xylinas E, Ouzaid I, Dubuisson A, Mazzenga M, Flament C, Ly P, Marty V, Signolle N, Sauvat A, Sbarrato T, Filahi M, Davin C, Haddad G, Bou Khalil J, Bleriot C, Danlos FX, Dunsmore G, Mulder K, Silvin A, Raoult T, Archambaud B, Belhechmi S, Gomperts Boneca I, Cayet N, Moya-Nilges M, Mallet A, Daillere R, Rouleau E, Radulescu C, Allory Y, Fieschi J, Rouanne M, Ginhoux F, Le Teuff G, Derosa L, Marabelle A, VAN Dorp J, VAN Dijk N, van der Heijden MS, Besse B, Andre F, Merad M, Kroemer G, Scoazec JY, Zitvogel L, Loriot Y. Escherichia coli-specific CXCL13-producing TFH are associated with clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade against muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2280-2307. [PMID: 35929803 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers guiding the neoadjuvant use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs) are needed for patients with localized muscle invasive bladder cancers (MIBC). Profiling tumor and blood samples, we found that follicular helper CD4+ T cells (TFH) are among the best therapeutic targets of pembrolizumab correlating with progression-free survival. TFH were associated with tumoral CD8 and PD-L1 expression at baseline, and the induction of tertiary lymphoid structures post-pembrolizumab. Blood central memory TFH accumulated in tumors where they produce CXCL13, a chemokine found in the plasma of responders only. IgG4+CD38+ TFH residing in bladder tissues correlated with clinical benefit. Finally, TFH and IgG directed against urothelium invasive Escherichia coli dictated clinical responses to pembrolizumab in three independent cohorts. The links between tumor infection and success of ICB immunomodulation should be prospectively assessed at a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cedric Lebacle
- Bicêtre Hospital APHP University Paris Saclay, LE KREMLIN BICETRE, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pierre Ly
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jacques Bou Khalil
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gwenael Le Teuff
- Gustave Roussy, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Lisa Derosa
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Nick VAN Dijk
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Miriam Merad
- Precision Immunology Institute, New York, NY, United States
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9
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Mallet A, Bastin P. Restriction of intraflagellar transport to some microtubule doublets: An opportunity for cilia diversification? Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200031. [PMID: 35638546 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are unique eukaryotic organelles and exhibit remarkable conservation across evolution. Nevertheless, very different types of configurations are encountered, raising the question of their evolution. Cilia are constructed by intraflagellar transport (IFT), the movement of large protein complexes or trains that deliver cilia components to the distal tip for assembly. Recent data revealed that IFT trains are restricted to some but not all nine doublet microtubules in the protist Trypanosoma brucei. Here, we propose that restricted positioning of IFT trains could offer potent options for cilia to evolve towards more complex (addition of new structural elements like in spermatozoa) or simpler configuration (loss of some elements like in primary cilia), and therefore be a driver of cilia diversification. We present two hypotheses to explain how IFT trains could be restricted to some doublets, either by a triage process taking place at the basal body level or by the development of molecular differences between ciliary microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Mallet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1201, Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Paris, F-75015, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Université de Paris Sorbonne, Ultrastructural Bioimaging Unit, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Philippe Bastin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1201, Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Paris, F-75015, France
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10
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Robinot R, Hubert M, de Melo GD, Lazarini F, Bruel T, Smith N, Levallois S, Larrous F, Fernandes J, Gellenoncourt S, Rigaud S, Gorgette O, Thouvenot C, Trébeau C, Mallet A, Duménil G, Gobaa S, Etournay R, Lledo PM, Lecuit M, Bourhy H, Duffy D, Michel V, Schwartz O, Chakrabarti LA. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the dedifferentiation of multiciliated cells and impairs mucociliary clearance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4354. [PMID: 34272374 PMCID: PMC8285531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 spreads within the respiratory tract is important to define the parameters controlling the severity of COVID-19. Here we examine the functional and structural consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a reconstructed human bronchial epithelium model. SARS-CoV-2 replication causes a transient decrease in epithelial barrier function and disruption of tight junctions, though viral particle crossing remains limited. Rather, SARS-CoV-2 replication leads to a rapid loss of the ciliary layer, characterized at the ultrastructural level by axoneme loss and misorientation of remaining basal bodies. Downregulation of the master regulator of ciliogenesis Foxj1 occurs prior to extensive cilia loss, implicating this transcription factor in the dedifferentiation of ciliated cells. Motile cilia function is compromised by SARS-CoV-2 infection, as measured in a mucociliary clearance assay. Epithelial defense mechanisms, including basal cell mobilization and interferon-lambda induction, ramp up only after the initiation of cilia damage. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Syrian hamsters further demonstrates the loss of motile cilia in vivo. This study identifies cilia damage as a pathogenic mechanism that could facilitate SARS-CoV-2 spread to the deeper lung parenchyma.
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Grants
- Institut Pasteur
- This work was supported by : Institut Pasteur TASK FORCE SARS COV2 (TROPICORO and COROCHIP projects), DIM ELICIT Region Ile-de-France, and Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes (ANRS; project 19052) (L.A.C.); the Vaccine Research Institute (ANR-10-LABX-77), ANRS, Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the French National Research Agency (ANR; projects “TIMTAMDEN” ANR-14-CE14-0029, “CHIKV-Viro-Immuno” ANR-14-CE14-0015-01), the Gilead HIV cure program, ANR/Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) Flash Covid PROTEO-SARS-CoV-2 and IDISCOVR (O.S.); Institut Pasteur TASK FORCE SARS COV2 and ANR Flash Covid CoVarImm (D.D.); Institut Pasteur TASK FORCE SARS COV2 (Neuro-Covid project) (H.B.). The Lledo lab is supported by the life insurance company "AG2R-La-Mondiale". The UtechS Photonic BioImaging (Imagopole) and the UtechS Ultrastructural BioImaging (UBI) are supported by the ANR (France BioImaging; ANR-10–INSB–04; Investments for the Future). R.R. is the recipient of a Sidaction fellowship, N.S. of a Pasteur-Roux-Cantarini fellowship, and St.G. of a MESR/Ecole Doctorale B3MI, Université de Paris fellowship. S.L. is supported by FRM (fellowship ECO201906009119) and by “Ecole Doctorale FIRE – Programme Bettencourt”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Robinot
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Hubert
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Françoise Lazarini
- Perception and Memory Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3571 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Nikaïa Smith
- Translational Immunology Lab, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Levallois
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U1117, Paris, France
| | - Florence Larrous
- Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Julien Fernandes
- UtechS Photonics BioImaging, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Stacy Gellenoncourt
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Gorgette
- UtechS Ultrastructural BioImaging UBI, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Thouvenot
- UtechS Ultrastructural BioImaging UBI, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Céline Trébeau
- Institut de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- UtechS Ultrastructural BioImaging UBI, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Duménil
- UtechS Ultrastructural BioImaging UBI, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Samy Gobaa
- Biomaterials and Microfluidics Core Facility, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre-Marie Lledo
- Perception and Memory Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3571 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U1117, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, APHP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Lab, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Michel
- Institut de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, INSERM, Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
- UMR 3569 CNRS, Paris, France.
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
| | - Lisa A Chakrabarti
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
- UMR 3569 CNRS, Paris, France.
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11
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Luk CH, Valenzuela C, Gil M, Swistak L, Bomme P, Chang YY, Mallet A, Enninga J. Salmonella enters a dormant state within human epithelial cells for persistent infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009550. [PMID: 33930101 PMCID: PMC8115778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an enteric bacterium capable of invading a wide range of hosts, including rodents and humans. It targets different host cell types showing different intracellular lifestyles. S. Typhimurium colonizes different intracellular niches and is able to either actively divide at various rates or remain dormant to persist. A comprehensive tool to determine these distinct S. Typhimurium lifestyles remains lacking. Here we developed a novel fluorescent reporter, Salmonella INtracellular Analyzer (SINA), compatible for fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry in single-bacterium level quantification. This identified a S. Typhimurium subpopulation in infected epithelial cells that exhibits a unique phenotype in comparison to the previously documented vacuolar or cytosolic S. Typhimurium. This subpopulation entered a dormant state in a vesicular compartment distinct from the conventional Salmonella-containing vacuoles (SCV) as well as the previously reported niche of dormant S. Typhimurium in macrophages. The dormant S. Typhimurium inside enterocytes were viable and expressed Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI-2) virulence factors at later time points. We found that the formation of these dormant S. Typhimurium is not triggered by the loss of SPI-2 effector secretion but it is regulated by (p)ppGpp-mediated stringent response through RelA and SpoT. We predict that intraepithelial dormant S. Typhimurium represents an important pathogen niche and provides an alternative strategy for S. Typhimurium pathogenicity and its persistence. Salmonella Typhimurium is a clinically relevant bacterial pathogen that causes Salmonellosis. It can actively or passively invade various host cell types and reside in a Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) within host cells. The SCV can be remodeled into a replicative niche with the aid of Salmonella Type III Secretion System 2 (T3SS2) effectors or else, the SCV is ruptured for the access of the nutrient-rich host cytosol. Depending on the infected host cell type, S. Typhimurium undertake different lifestyles that are distinct by their subcellular localization, replication rate and metabolic rate. We present here a novel fluorescent reporter system that rapidly detects S. Typhimurium lifestyles using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. We identified a dormant S. Typhimurium population within enterocyte that displays capacities in host cell persistence, dormancy exit and antibiotic tolerance. We deciphered the (p)ppGpp stringent response pathway that suppresses S. Typhimurium dormancy in enterocytes while promoting dormancy in macrophages, pinpointing a divergent physiological consequence regulated by the same set of S. Typhimurium molecular mediators. Altogether, our work demonstrated the potential of fluorescent reporters in facile bacterial characterization, and revealed a dormant S. Typhimurium population in human enterocytes that are phenotypically distinct from that observed in macrophages and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Hon Luk
- Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit and UMR3691 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Camila Valenzuela
- Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit and UMR3691 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Magdalena Gil
- Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit and UMR3691 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Léa Swistak
- Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit and UMR3691 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Perrine Bomme
- Ultrastructural Bioimaging UTechS, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Yuen-Yan Chang
- Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit and UMR3691 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Ultrastructural Bioimaging UTechS, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jost Enninga
- Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit and UMR3691 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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12
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Bílý T, Sheikh S, Mallet A, Bastin P, Pérez-Morga D, Lukeš J, Hashimi H. Ultrastructural Changes of the Mitochondrion During the Life Cycle of Trypanosoma brucei. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2021; 68:e12846. [PMID: 33624359 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrion is crucial for ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation, among other processes. Cristae are invaginations of the mitochondrial inner membrane that house nearly all the macromolecular complexes that perform oxidative phosphorylation. The unicellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei undergoes during its life cycle extensive remodeling of its single mitochondrion, which reflects major changes in its energy metabolism. While the bloodstream form (BSF) generates ATP exclusively by substrate-level phosphorylation and has a morphologically highly reduced mitochondrion, the insect-dwelling procyclic form (PCF) performs oxidative phosphorylation and has an expanded and reticulated organelle. Here, we have performed high-resolution 3D reconstruction of BSF and PCF mitochondria, with a particular focus on their cristae. By measuring the volumes and surface areas of these structures in complete or nearly complete cells, we have found that mitochondrial cristae are more prominent in BSF than previously thought and their biogenesis seems to be maintained during the cell cycle. Furthermore, PCF cristae exhibit a surprising range of volumes in situ, implying that each crista is acting as an independent bioenergetic unit. Cristae appear to be particularly enriched in the region of the organelle between the nucleus and kinetoplast, the mitochondrial genome, suggesting this part has distinctive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Bílý
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Shaghayegh Sheikh
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit & INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Ultrastructural Bio Imaging Unit, C2RT, Institut Pasteur & Sorbonne Université école doctorale complexité du vivant, ED 515, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bastin
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit & INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - David Pérez-Morga
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM & Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hassan Hashimi
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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13
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Guilbaud L, Maisonneuve E, Maurice P, Dhombres F, Lafon B, Mallet A, Mailloux A, Cortey A, Jouannic JM. [How I do…an intrauterine transfusion?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 49:208-212. [PMID: 33045396 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Guilbaud
- Service de médecine fœtale, centre pluridisciplinaire de diagnostic prénatal de l'Est Parisien, DMU ORIGYNE, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Docteur-Netter, 75012 Paris, France; Centre national de référence en hémobiologie périnatale (CNRHP) clinique, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Docteur-Netter, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - E Maisonneuve
- Service de médecine fœtale, centre pluridisciplinaire de diagnostic prénatal de l'Est Parisien, DMU ORIGYNE, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Docteur-Netter, 75012 Paris, France; Centre national de référence en hémobiologie périnatale (CNRHP) clinique, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Docteur-Netter, 75012 Paris, France
| | - P Maurice
- Service de médecine fœtale, centre pluridisciplinaire de diagnostic prénatal de l'Est Parisien, DMU ORIGYNE, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Docteur-Netter, 75012 Paris, France; Centre national de référence en hémobiologie périnatale (CNRHP) clinique, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Docteur-Netter, 75012 Paris, France
| | - F Dhombres
- Service de médecine fœtale, centre pluridisciplinaire de diagnostic prénatal de l'Est Parisien, DMU ORIGYNE, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Docteur-Netter, 75012 Paris, France; Centre national de référence en hémobiologie périnatale (CNRHP) clinique, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Docteur-Netter, 75012 Paris, France; Médecine Sorbonne université, 15-21, rue de l'École de médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - B Lafon
- Service de médecine fœtale, centre pluridisciplinaire de diagnostic prénatal de l'Est Parisien, DMU ORIGYNE, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Docteur-Netter, 75012 Paris, France; Centre national de référence en hémobiologie périnatale (CNRHP) clinique, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Docteur-Netter, 75012 Paris, France
| | - A Mallet
- Établissement français du sang, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Docteur-Netter, 75012 Paris, France
| | - A Mailloux
- Service d'immuno-hématologie, centre national de référence en hémobiologie périnatale (CNRHP) biologique, hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184, rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - A Cortey
- Service de médecine fœtale, centre pluridisciplinaire de diagnostic prénatal de l'Est Parisien, DMU ORIGYNE, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Docteur-Netter, 75012 Paris, France; Centre national de référence en hémobiologie périnatale (CNRHP) clinique, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Docteur-Netter, 75012 Paris, France
| | - J-M Jouannic
- Service de médecine fœtale, centre pluridisciplinaire de diagnostic prénatal de l'Est Parisien, DMU ORIGYNE, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Docteur-Netter, 75012 Paris, France; Centre national de référence en hémobiologie périnatale (CNRHP) clinique, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Docteur-Netter, 75012 Paris, France; Médecine Sorbonne université, 15-21, rue de l'École de médecine, 75006 Paris, France
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14
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Bertiaux E, Mallet A, Rotureau B, Bastin P. Intraflagellar transport during assembly of flagella of different length in Trypanosoma brucei isolated from tsetse flies. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs248989. [PMID: 32843573 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms assemble cilia and flagella of precise lengths differing from one cell to another, yet little is known about the mechanisms governing these differences. Similarly, protists assemble flagella of different lengths according to the stage of their life cycle. Trypanosoma brucei assembles flagella of 3 to 30 µm during its development in the tsetse fly. This provides an opportunity to examine how cells naturally modulate organelle length. Flagella are constructed by addition of new blocks at their distal end via intraflagellar transport (IFT). Immunofluorescence assays, 3D electron microscopy and live-cell imaging revealed that IFT was present in all T. brucei life cycle stages. IFT proteins are concentrated at the base, and IFT trains are located along doublets 3-4 and 7-8 and travel bidirectionally in the flagellum. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the total amount of flagellar IFT proteins correlates with the length of the flagellum. Surprisingly, the shortest flagellum exhibited a supplementary large amount of dynamic IFT material at its distal end. The contribution of IFT and other factors to the regulation of flagellum length is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Bertiaux
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université école doctorale complexité du vivant, ED 515, 7, quai Saint-Bernard, case 32, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université école doctorale complexité du vivant, ED 515, 7, quai Saint-Bernard, case 32, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Ultrastructural Bio Imaging Unit, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Brice Rotureau
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bastin
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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15
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Lemos M, Mallet A, Bertiaux E, Imbert A, Rotureau B, Bastin P. Timing and original features of flagellum assembly in trypanosomes during development in the tsetse fly. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:169. [PMID: 32248844 PMCID: PMC7132888 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosoma brucei exhibits a complex life-cycle alternating between tsetse flies and mammalian hosts. When parasites infect the fly, cells differentiate to adapt to life in various tissues, which is accompanied by drastic morphological and biochemical modifications especially in the proventriculus. This key step represents a bottleneck for salivary gland infection. Methods Here, we monitored flagellum assembly in trypanosomes during differentiation from the trypomastigote to the epimastigote stage, i.e. when the nucleus migrates to the posterior end of the cell, by using three-dimensional electron microscopy (focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, FIB-SEM) and immunofluorescence assays. Results The combination of light and electron microscopy approaches provided structural and molecular evidence that the new flagellum is assembled while the nucleus migrates towards the posterior region of the body. Two major differences with well-known procyclic cells are reported. First, growth of the new flagellum begins when the associated basal body is found in a posterior position relative to the mature flagellum. Secondly, the new flagellum acquires its own flagellar pocket before rotating on the left side of the anterior-posterior axis. FIB-SEM revealed the presence of a structure connecting the new and mature flagellum and serial sectioning confirmed morphological similarities with the flagella connector of procyclic cells. We discuss the potential function of the flagella connector in trypanosomes from the proventriculus. Conclusions These findings show that T. brucei finely modulates its cytoskeletal components to generate highly variable morphologies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Moara Lemos
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur & INSERM U1201, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur & INSERM U1201, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,UtechS Ultrastructural Bioimaging (Ultrapole), C2RT, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université école doctorale Complexité du Vivant, ED 515, 7, quai Saint-Bernard, case 32, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Eloïse Bertiaux
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur & INSERM U1201, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université école doctorale Complexité du Vivant, ED 515, 7, quai Saint-Bernard, case 32, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Brice Rotureau
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur & INSERM U1201, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bastin
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur & INSERM U1201, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Mallet
- Unité de technologie et de service UBI (Ultrastructural BioImaging), Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France - Unité de biologie cellulaire des trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1201, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France - Sorbonne université, École doctorale complexité du vivant, ED 515, 7, quai Saint-Bernard, case 32, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Philippe Bastin
- Unité de biologie cellulaire des trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1201, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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17
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Charles-Orszag A, Tsai FC, Bonazzi D, Manriquez V, Sachse M, Mallet A, Salles A, Melican K, Staneva R, Bertin A, Millien C, Goussard S, Lafaye P, Shorte S, Piel M, Krijnse-Locker J, Brochard-Wyart F, Bassereau P, Duménil G. Adhesion to nanofibers drives cell membrane remodeling through one-dimensional wetting. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4450. [PMID: 30361638 PMCID: PMC6202395 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The shape of cellular membranes is highly regulated by a set of conserved mechanisms that can be manipulated by bacterial pathogens to infect cells. Remodeling of the plasma membrane of endothelial cells by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis is thought to be essential during the blood phase of meningococcal infection, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that plasma membrane remodeling occurs independently of F-actin, along meningococcal type IV pili fibers, by a physical mechanism that we term 'one-dimensional' membrane wetting. We provide a theoretical model that describes the physical basis of one-dimensional wetting and show that this mechanism occurs in model membranes interacting with nanofibers, and in human cells interacting with extracellular matrix meshworks. We propose one-dimensional wetting as a new general principle driving the interaction of cells with their environment at the nanoscale that is diverted by meningococci during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Charles-Orszag
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections Unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Feng-Ching Tsai
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, 75005, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Daria Bonazzi
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections Unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Valeria Manriquez
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections Unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | | | | | | | - Keira Melican
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections Unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France.,Department of Neuroscience, Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Ralitza Staneva
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Aurélie Bertin
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, 75005, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | | | - Sylvie Goussard
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections Unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Pierre Lafaye
- Antibody Engineering, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | | | - Matthieu Piel
- Systems Biology of Cell Polarity and Cell Division, Institut Pierre-Gilles De Gennes, Paris, 75005, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | | | - Françoise Brochard-Wyart
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, 75005, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, 75005, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Guillaume Duménil
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections Unit, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France.
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18
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Bertiaux E, Mallet A, Fort C, Blisnick T, Bonnefoy S, Jung J, Lemos M, Marco S, Vaughan S, Trépout S, Tinevez JY, Bastin P. Bidirectional intraflagellar transport is restricted to two sets of microtubule doublets in the trypanosome flagellum. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:4284-4297. [PMID: 30275108 PMCID: PMC6279389 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201805030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is the movement of large protein complexes responsible for the construction of cilia and flagella. Using a combination of three-dimensional electron microscopy and high-resolution live imaging, Bertiaux et al. show that IFT takes place on only four microtubule doublets out of the nine available in the trypanosome flagellum. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is the rapid bidirectional movement of large protein complexes driven by kinesin and dynein motors along microtubule doublets of cilia and flagella. In this study, we used a combination of high-resolution electron and light microscopy to investigate how and where these IFT trains move within the flagellum of the protist Trypanosoma brucei. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) analysis of trypanosomes showed that trains are found almost exclusively along two sets of doublets (3–4 and 7–8) and distribute in two categories according to their length. High-resolution live imaging of cells expressing mNeonGreen::IFT81 or GFP::IFT52 revealed for the first time IFT trafficking on two parallel lines within the flagellum. Anterograde and retrograde IFT occurs on each of these lines. At the distal end, a large individual anterograde IFT train is converted in several smaller retrograde trains in the space of 3–4 s while remaining on the same side of the axoneme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Bertiaux
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France.,UtechS Ultrastructural Bioimaging (Ultrapole), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Fort
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Blisnick
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Serge Bonnefoy
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jamin Jung
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Moara Lemos
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sergio Marco
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9187, Orsay, France.,Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, INSERM U1196, Orsay, France
| | - Sue Vaughan
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Sylvain Trépout
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9187, Orsay, France.,Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, INSERM U1196, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- UtechS Photonic Bioimaging (Imagopole), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Image Analysis Hub, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bastin
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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19
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Fredlund J, Santos JC, Stévenin V, Weiner A, Latour-Lambert P, Rechav K, Mallet A, Krijnse-Locker J, Elbaum M, Enninga J. The entry ofSalmonellain a distinct tight compartment revealed at high temporal and ultrastructural resolution. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fredlund
- Unité “Dynamique des interactions hôte-pathogène”; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
| | - José Carlos Santos
- Unité “Dynamique des interactions hôte-pathogène”; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
| | - Virginie Stévenin
- Unité “Dynamique des interactions hôte-pathogène”; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
| | - Allon Weiner
- Unité “Dynamique des interactions hôte-pathogène”; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
| | | | - Katya Rechav
- Department of Interfaces; The Weizmann Institute of Sciences; Rehovot Israel
| | | | | | - Michael Elbaum
- Department of Interfaces; The Weizmann Institute of Sciences; Rehovot Israel
| | - Jost Enninga
- Unité “Dynamique des interactions hôte-pathogène”; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
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20
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Valsecchi I, Sarikaya-Bayram Ö, Wong Sak Hoi J, Muszkieta L, Gibbons J, Prevost MC, Mallet A, Krijnse-Locker J, Ibrahim-Granet O, Mouyna I, Carr P, Bromley M, Aimanianda V, Yu JH, Rokas A, Braus GH, Saveanu C, Bayram Ö, Latgé JP. MybA, a transcription factor involved in conidiation and conidial viability of the human pathogenAspergillus fumigatus. Mol Microbiol 2017; 105:880-900. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John Gibbons
- Department of Biological Sciences; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | | | - Adeline Mallet
- Plate-Forme de Microscopie Ultrastructurale; Institut Pasteur; Paris 75015 France
| | | | | | | | - Paul Carr
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group; Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Michael Bromley
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group; Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | | | - Jae-Hyuk Yu
- Department of Bacteriology and Genetics; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics; Georg August University; Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Cosmin Saveanu
- Unité de Génétique des Interactions Macromoléculaires; CNRS UMR3525, Institut Pasteur; Paris France
| | - Özgür Bayram
- Department of Biology; Maynooth University; Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics; Georg August University; Göttingen 37077 Germany
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21
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Tardieu C, Jung S, Niederreither K, Prasad M, Hadj-Rabia S, Philip N, Mallet A, Consolino E, Sfeir E, Noueiri B, Chassaing N, Dollfus H, Manière M, Bloch-Zupan A, Clauss F. Dental and extra-oral clinical features in 41 patients with WNT10A
gene mutations: A multicentric genotype-phenotype study. Clin Genet 2017; 92:477-486. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Tardieu
- ADES UMR 7268, Hôpital Timone, Service Odontologie; Aix Marseille University, APHM; Marseille France
| | - S. Jung
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, O Rares; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - K. Niederreither
- CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire, Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, Université de Strasbourg; Illkirch France
| | - M. Prasad
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, INSERM U1112, Translational Medicine federation (FMTS); Alsace Medical Genetics Institute; Strasbourg France
| | - S. Hadj-Rabia
- Reference Center for Genodermatosis; Necker Hospital, AP-HP; Paris France
| | - N. Philip
- INSERM GMGF, UMR-S910; Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies; APHM, Hôpital Timone; Marseille France
| | - A. Mallet
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies; APHM, Hôpital Timone; Marseille France
| | - E. Consolino
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies; APHM, Hôpital Timone; Marseille France
| | - E. Sfeir
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Libanese University; Beyrouth Lebanon
| | - B. Noueiri
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Libanese University; Beyrouth Lebanon
| | - N. Chassaing
- Department of Medical Genetics; University Hospital; Toulouse France
| | - H. Dollfus
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, INSERM U1112, Translational Medicine federation (FMTS); Alsace Medical Genetics Institute; Strasbourg France
| | - M.C. Manière
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, O Rares; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
- INSERM Unit UMR 1109; Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine; Strasbourg France
| | - A. Bloch-Zupan
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, O Rares; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
- CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire, Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, Université de Strasbourg; Illkirch France
| | - F. Clauss
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, O Rares; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
- CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire, Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, Université de Strasbourg; Illkirch France
- INSERM Unit UMR 1109; Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine; Strasbourg France
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22
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Larsonneur F, Martin FA, Mallet A, Martinez-Gil M, Semetey V, Ghigo JM, Beloin C. Functional analysis of Escherichia coli Yad fimbriae reveals their potential role in environmental persistence. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:5228-5248. [PMID: 27696649 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Initial adhesion of bacterial cells to surfaces or host tissues is a key step in colonisation and biofilm formation processes, and is mediated by cell surface appendages. It was previously demonstrated that Escherichia coli K-12 possesses an arsenal of silenced chaperone-usher fimbriae that were functional when constitutively expressed. Among them, production of prevalent Yad fimbriae induces adhesion to abiotic surfaces. Functional characterisation of Yad fimbriae were undertook, and YadN was identified as the most abundant and potential major pilin, and YadC as the potential tip-protein of Yad fimbriae. It was showed that Yad production participates to binding of E. coli K-12 to human eukaryotic cells (Caco-2) and inhibits macrophage phagocytosis, but also enhances E. coli K-12 binding to xylose, a major component of the plant cell wall, through its tip-lectin YadC. Consistently, it was demonstrated that Yad production provides E. coli with a competitive advantage in colonising corn seed rhizospheres. The latter phenotype is correlated with induction of Yad expression at temperatures below 37°C, and under anaerobic conditions, through a complex regulatory network. Taken together, these results suggest that Yad fimbriae are versatile adhesins that beyond potential capacities to modulate host-pathogen interactions might contribute to E. coli environmental persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Larsonneur
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, 28 rue du Dr. Roux 75724, Paris cedex, France.,Ecole Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité (BioSPC), Université Paris Diderot, Cellule Pasteur, rue du Dr. Roux 75724, Paris cedex, France
| | - Fernando A Martin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, 28 rue du Dr. Roux 75724, Paris cedex, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Institut Pasteur, Ultrapole, 28 rue du Dr. Roux 75724, Paris cedex, France
| | - Marta Martinez-Gil
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, 28 rue du Dr. Roux 75724, Paris cedex, France
| | - Vincent Semetey
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ghigo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, 28 rue du Dr. Roux 75724, Paris cedex, France
| | - Christophe Beloin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, 28 rue du Dr. Roux 75724, Paris cedex, France
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23
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Morello E, Mallet A, Konto-Ghiorghi Y, Chaze T, Mistou MY, Oliva G, Oliveira L, Di Guilmi AM, Trieu-Cuot P, Dramsi S. Evidence for the Sialylation of PilA, the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138103. [PMID: 26407005 PMCID: PMC4583379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. Glycan profiling with twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC suggested that affinity-purified PI-2a pili are modified by N-glycosylation and decorated with sialic acid attached to terminal galactose. Analysis of various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon by flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses pointed to PilA as the pilus subunit modified by glycosylation. Double labeling using PilB antibody and EBL lectin, which specifically recognizes N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose in α-2, 6, revealed a characteristic binding of EBL at the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization. Expression of a secreted form of PilA using an inducible promoter showed that this recombinant PilA binds specifically to EBL lectin when produced in the native GBS context. In silico search for potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence pointed to N427 and N597, which appear conserved and exposed in the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae, as likely candidates. Conversion of these two asparagyl residues to glutamyl resulted in a higher instability of PilA. Our results provide the first evidence that the tip PilA adhesin can be glycosylated, and suggest that this modification is critical for PilA stability and may potentially influence interactions with the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Morello
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram positif, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS ERL 3526), Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Institut Pasteur, Imagopole, Ultrastructural Microscopy Platform, Paris, France
| | - Yoan Konto-Ghiorghi
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram positif, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS ERL 3526), Paris, France
| | - Thibault Chaze
- Institut Pasteur, Spectrométrie de Masse Structurale et Protéomique, Paris, France
- INRA UMR 1319, MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Giulia Oliva
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram positif, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS ERL 3526), Paris, France
| | - Liliana Oliveira
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram positif, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS ERL 3526), Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Di Guilmi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Trieu-Cuot
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram positif, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS ERL 3526), Paris, France
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram positif, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS ERL 3526), Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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24
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Santos JC, Duchateau M, Fredlund J, Weiner A, Mallet A, Schmitt C, Matondo M, Hourdel V, Chamot-Rooke J, Enninga J. The COPII complex and lysosomal VAMP7 determine intracellular Salmonella localization and growth. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:1699-720. [PMID: 26084942 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella invades epithelial cells and survives within a membrane-bound compartment, the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). We isolated and determined the host protein composition of the SCV at 30 min and 3 h of infection to identify and characterize novel regulators of intracellular bacterial localization and growth. Quantitation of the SCV protein content revealed 392 host proteins specifically enriched at SCVs, out of which 173 associated exclusively with early SCVs, 124 with maturing SCV and 95 proteins during both time-points. Vacuole interactions with endoplasmic reticulum-derived coat protein complex II vesicles modulate early steps of SCV maturation, promoting SCV rupture and bacterial hyper-replication within the host cytosol. On the other hand, SCV interactions with VAMP7-positive lysosome-like vesicles promote Salmonella-induced filament formation and bacterial growth within the late SCV. Our results reveal that the dynamic communication between the SCV and distinct host organelles affects both intracellular Salmonella localization and growth at successive steps of host cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Santos
- Unit of Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Magalie Duchateau
- Structural Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Fredlund
- Unit of Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Allon Weiner
- Unit of Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Plate-forme Microscopie Ultrastructurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Christine Schmitt
- Plate-forme Microscopie Ultrastructurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Structural Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Hourdel
- Structural Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Structural Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3528, Paris, France
| | - Jost Enninga
- Unit of Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Compton AA, Bruel T, Porrot F, Mallet A, Sachse M, Euvrard M, Liang C, Casartelli N, Schwartz O. IFITM proteins incorporated into HIV-1 virions impair viral fusion and spread. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 16:736-47. [PMID: 25464829 PMCID: PMC7104936 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins protect cells from diverse virus infections by inhibiting virus-cell fusion. IFITM proteins also inhibit HIV-1 replication through mechanisms only partially understood. We show that when expressed in uninfected lymphocytes, IFITM proteins exert protective effects during cell-free virus infection, but this restriction can be overcome upon HIV-1 cell-to-cell spread. However, when present in virus-producing lymphocytes, IFITM proteins colocalize with viral Env and Gag proteins and incorporate into nascent HIV-1 virions to limit entry into new target cells. IFITM in viral membranes is associated with impaired virion fusion, offering additional and more potent defense against virus spread. Thus, IFITM proteins act additively in both productively infected cells and uninfected target cells to inhibit HIV-1 spread, potentially conferring these proteins with greater breadth and potency against enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A Compton
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Virus & Immunity Unit, Paris 75015, France; CNRS URA 3015, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Virus & Immunity Unit, Paris 75015, France; CNRS URA 3015, Paris 75015, France
| | - Françoise Porrot
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Virus & Immunity Unit, Paris 75015, France; CNRS URA 3015, Paris 75015, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Institut Pasteur, Imagopole, Ultrastructural Microscopy Platform, Paris 75015, France
| | - Martin Sachse
- Institut Pasteur, Imagopole, Ultrastructural Microscopy Platform, Paris 75015, France
| | - Marine Euvrard
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Virus & Immunity Unit, Paris 75015, France; École Normale Supérieure, Department of Biology, Cachan 94230, France
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill AIDS Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nicoletta Casartelli
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Virus & Immunity Unit, Paris 75015, France; CNRS URA 3015, Paris 75015, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Virus & Immunity Unit, Paris 75015, France; CNRS URA 3015, Paris 75015, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil 94010, France.
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Adrien J, Bertolus C, Gambotti L, Mallet A, Baujat B. Why are head and neck squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed so late? Influence of health care disparities and socio-economic factors. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mallet A, Kypriotou M, George K, Leclerc E, Rivero D, Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Serre G, Huber M, Jonca N, Hohl D. Identification of the first nonsenseCDSNmutation with expression of a truncated protein causing peeling skin syndrome type B. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169:1322-5. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Mallet
- UMR 5165/U1056 ‘Unité de Différenciation Epidermique et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde’ (CNRS, INSERM Université Toulouse III CHU de Toulouse); Hôpital Purpan; Place du Dr Baylac; TSA 40031; 31059 Toulouse CEDEX 9 France
| | - M. Kypriotou
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology; Service of Dermatology and Venereology; Beaumont Hospital CHUV; Beaumont Avenue 29 1011 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - K. George
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology; Service of Dermatology and Venereology; Beaumont Hospital CHUV; Beaumont Avenue 29 1011 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - E. Leclerc
- UMR 5165/U1056 ‘Unité de Différenciation Epidermique et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde’ (CNRS, INSERM Université Toulouse III CHU de Toulouse); Hôpital Purpan; Place du Dr Baylac; TSA 40031; 31059 Toulouse CEDEX 9 France
| | - D. Rivero
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology; Service of Dermatology and Venereology; Beaumont Hospital CHUV; Beaumont Avenue 29 1011 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - J. Mazereeuw-Hautier
- UMR 5165/U1056 ‘Unité de Différenciation Epidermique et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde’ (CNRS, INSERM Université Toulouse III CHU de Toulouse); Hôpital Purpan; Place du Dr Baylac; TSA 40031; 31059 Toulouse CEDEX 9 France
| | - G. Serre
- UMR 5165/U1056 ‘Unité de Différenciation Epidermique et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde’ (CNRS, INSERM Université Toulouse III CHU de Toulouse); Hôpital Purpan; Place du Dr Baylac; TSA 40031; 31059 Toulouse CEDEX 9 France
| | - M. Huber
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology; Service of Dermatology and Venereology; Beaumont Hospital CHUV; Beaumont Avenue 29 1011 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - N. Jonca
- UMR 5165/U1056 ‘Unité de Différenciation Epidermique et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde’ (CNRS, INSERM Université Toulouse III CHU de Toulouse); Hôpital Purpan; Place du Dr Baylac; TSA 40031; 31059 Toulouse CEDEX 9 France
| | - D. Hohl
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology; Service of Dermatology and Venereology; Beaumont Hospital CHUV; Beaumont Avenue 29 1011 Lausanne Switzerland
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Nazac A, Pierangelo A, Vercambre M, Huynh B, Cohen H, Coudert M, Mallet A, De Martino A. [Appraisal of the optical diagnostic technique for cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia by polarimetric imaging "Polcolpo". Comparison with colposcopic and histological diagnoses by biopsy]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 42:464-72. [PMID: 23747216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective of this study was to compare the performances of polarimetric imaging and standard colposcopy for the detection of CIN. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a monocentric prospective clinical study. The standard colposcopic diagnosis obtained during a first consultation was compared to the diagnosis provided by polarimetric imaging in a second consultation. In addition to the biopsies guided by classical or polarimetric colposcopy, a systematic biopsy taken at a predefined location allowed to calculate the specificities and sensitivities of both techniques. RESULTS One hundred and forty-one patients were included, all of them with anomalous Pap smears. Sixty-seven cone biopsies were taken, 69 % of which were eventually diagnosed with CIN2+ lesions. The sensitivities and specificities were found to be equal for standard and polarimetric colposcopies. CONCLUSION We could not demonstrate any improvement of the diagnostic performances with polarimetric colposcopy alone. However, for both healthy and pathological cervices, we observed interesting polarimetric responses involving other characteristics than those we initially assumed, and which will be taken into account in a future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nazac
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CHU Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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Wicks RT, Mallet A, Horbury TS, Chen CHK, Schekochihin AA, Mitchell JJ. Alignment and scaling of large-scale fluctuations in the solar wind. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:025003. [PMID: 23383909 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.025003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dependence of solar wind fluctuations measured by the Wind spacecraft on scale and on the degree of alignment between oppositely directed Elsasser fields. This alignment controls the strength of the nonlinear interactions and, therefore, the turbulence. We find that at scales larger than the outer scale of the turbulence the Elsasser fluctuations become on average more antialigned as the outer scale is approached from above. Conditioning structure functions using the alignment angle reveals turbulent scaling of unaligned fluctuations at scales previously believed to lie outside the turbulent cascade in the "1/f range." We argue that the 1/f range contains a mixture of a noninteracting antialigned population of Alfvén waves and magnetic force-free structures plus a subdominant population of unaligned cascading turbulent fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Wicks
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
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Bonazzi M, Kühbacher A, Toledo-Arana A, Mallet A, Vasudevan L, Pizarro-Cerdá J, Brodsky FM, Cossart P. A common clathrin-mediated machinery co-ordinates cell-cell adhesion and bacterial internalization. Traffic 2012; 13:1653-66. [PMID: 22984946 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Invasive bacterial pathogens often target cellular proteins involved in adhesion as a first event during infection. For example, Listeria monocytogenes uses the bacterial protein InlA to interact with E-cadherin, hijack the host adherens junction (AJ) machinery and invade non-phagocytic cells by a clathrin-dependent mechanism. Here, we investigate a potential role for clathrin in cell-cell adhesion. We observed that the initial steps of AJ formation trigger the phosphorylation of clathrin, and its transient localization at forming cell-cell contacts. Furthermore, we show that clathrin serves as a hub for the recruitment of proteins that are necessary for the actin rearrangements that accompany the maturation of AJs. Using an InlA/E-cadherin chimera, we show that adherent cells expressing the chimera form AJs with cells expressing E-cadherin. We demonstrate that non-adherent cells expressing the InlA chimera, as bacteria, can be internalized by E-cadherin-expressing adherent cells. Together these results reveal that a common clathrin-mediated machinery may regulate internalization and cell adhesion and that the relative mobility of one of the interacting partners plays an important role in the commitment to either one of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bonazzi
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, F-75015, France.
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Bonazzi M, Vasudevan L, Mallet A, Sachse M, Sartori A, Prevost MC, Roberts A, Taner SB, Wilbur JD, Brodsky FM, Cossart P. Clathrin phosphorylation is required for actin recruitment at sites of bacterial adhesion and internalization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 195:525-36. [PMID: 22042622 PMCID: PMC3206339 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201105152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin assembles at bacterial adhesion sites and its phosphorylation is required for actin recruitment during bacterial infection. Bacterial pathogens recruit clathrin upon interaction with host surface receptors during infection. Here, using three different infection models, we observed that host–pathogen interactions induce tyrosine phosphorylation of clathrin heavy chain. This modification was critical for recruitment of actin at bacteria–host adhesion sites during bacterial internalization or pedestal formation. At the bacterial interface, clathrin assembled to form coated pits of conventional size. Because such structures cannot internalize large particles such as bacteria, we propose that during infection, clathrin-coated pits serve as platforms to initiate actin rearrangements at bacteria–host adhesion sites. We then showed that the clathrin–actin interdependency is initiated by Dab2 and depends on the presence of clathrin light chain and its actin-binding partner Hip1R, and that the fully assembled machinery can recruit Myosin VI. Together, our study highlights a physiological role for clathrin heavy chain phosphorylation and reinforces the increasingly recognized function of clathrin in actin cytoskeletal organization in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bonazzi
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris F-75015, France.
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Martin-Latil S, Gnädig N, Mallet A, Prevost MC, Desdouits M, Schwartz O, Gessain A, Ozden S, Ceccaldi PE. Mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-1:in vitro study of HTLV-1 passage across a tight human epithelial barrier. Retrovirology 2011. [PMCID: PMC3112669 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-8-s1-a194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Danne C, Entenza JM, Mallet A, Briandet R, Débarbouillé M, Nato F, Glaser P, Jouvion G, Moreillon P, Trieu-Cuot P, Dramsi S. Molecular characterization of a Streptococcus gallolyticus genomic island encoding a pilus involved in endocarditis. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:1960-70. [PMID: 22043018 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus gallolyticus is a causative agent of infective endocarditis associated with colon cancer. Genome sequence of strain UCN34 revealed the existence of 3 pilus loci (pil1, pil2, and pil3). Pili are long filamentous structures playing a key role as adhesive organelles in many pathogens. The pil1 locus encodes 2 LPXTG proteins (Gallo2178 and Gallo2179) and 1 sortase C (Gallo2177). Gallo2179 displaying a functional collagen-binding domain was referred to as the adhesin, whereas Gallo2178 was designated as the major pilin. METHODS S. gallolyticus UCN34, Pil1(+) and Pil1(-), expressing various levels of pil1, and recombinant Lactococcus lactis strains, constitutively expressing pil1, were studied. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the putative pilin subunits Gallo2178 and Gallo2179 were used in immunoblotting and immunogold electron microscopy. The role of pil1 was tested in a rat model of endocarditis. RESULTS We showed that the pil1 locus (gallo2179-78-77) forms an operon differentially expressed among S. gallolyticus strains. Short pilus appendages were identified both on the surface of S. gallolyticus UCN34 and recombinant L. lactis-expressing pil1. We demonstrated that Pil1 pilus is involved in binding to collagen, biofilm formation, and virulence in experimental endocarditis. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies Pil1 as the first virulence factor characterized in S. gallolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Danne
- Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Gandjbakhch F, Foltz V, Mallet A, Bourgeois P, Fautrel B. Bone marrow oedema predicts structural progression in a 1-year follow-up of 85 patients with RA in remission or with low disease activity with low-field MRI. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:2159-62. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.149377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mostowy S, Bonazzi M, Hamon MA, Tham TN, Mallet A, Lelek M, Gouin E, Demangel C, Brosch R, Zimmer C, Sartori A, Kinoshita M, Lecuit M, Cossart P. Entrapment of intracytosolic bacteria by septin cage-like structures. Cell Host Microbe 2011; 8:433-44. [PMID: 21075354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Actin-based motility is used by various pathogens for dissemination within and between cells. Yet host factors restricting this process have not been identified. Septins are GTP-binding proteins that assemble as filaments and are essential for cell division. However, their role during interphase has remained elusive. Here, we report that septin assemblies are recruited to different bacteria that polymerize actin. We observed that intracytosolic Shigella either become compartmentalized in septin cage-like structures or form actin tails. Inactivation of septin caging increases the number of Shigella with actin tails and enhances cell-to-cell spread. TNF-α, a host cytokine produced upon Shigella infection, stimulates septin caging and restricts actin tail formation and cell-to-cell spread. Finally, we show that septin cages entrap bacteria targeted to autophagy. Together, these results reveal an unsuspected mechanism of host defense that restricts dissemination of invasive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mostowy
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France.
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Delaune A, Poupel O, Mallet A, Coic YM, Msadek T, Dubrac S. Peptidoglycan crosslinking relaxation plays an important role in Staphylococcus aureus WalKR-dependent cell viability. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17054. [PMID: 21386961 PMCID: PMC3046168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The WalKR two-component system is essential for viability of Staphylococcus aureus, a major pathogen. We have shown that WalKR acts as the master controller of peptidoglycan metabolism, yet none of the identified regulon genes explain its requirement for cell viability. Transmission electron micrographs revealed cell wall thickening and aberrant division septa in the absence of WalKR, suggesting its requirement may be linked to its role in coordinating cell wall metabolism and cell division. We therefore tested whether uncoupling autolysin gene expression from WalKR-dependent regulation could compensate for its essential nature. Uncoupled expression of genes encoding lytic transglycosylases or amidases did not restore growth to a WalKR-depleted strain. We identified only two WalKR-regulon genes whose expression restored cell viability in the absence of WalKR: lytM and ssaA. Neither of these two genes are essential under our conditions and a ΔlytM ΔssaA mutant does not present any growth defect. LytM is a glycyl–glycyl endopeptidase, hydrolyzing the pentaglycine interpeptide crossbridge, and SsaA belongs to the CHAP amidase family, members of which such as LysK and LytA have been shown to have D-alanyl-glycyl endopeptidase activity, cleaving between the crossbridge and the stem peptide. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that peptidoglycan crosslinking relaxation through crossbridge hydrolysis plays a crucial role in the essential requirement of the WalKR system for cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Delaune
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Gram-Positive Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Paris, France
- CNRS, URA 2172, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Poupel
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Gram-Positive Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Paris, France
- CNRS, URA 2172, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Institut Pasteur, Ultrastructural Microscopy Platform, Imagopole, Paris, France
| | - Yves-Marie Coic
- Institut Pasteur, Chemistry of Biomolecules, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Paris, France
- CNRS, URA 2128, Paris, France
| | - Tarek Msadek
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Gram-Positive Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Paris, France
- CNRS, URA 2172, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah Dubrac
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Gram-Positive Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Paris, France
- CNRS, URA 2172, Paris, France
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Casartelli N, Sourisseau M, Feldmann J, Guivel-Benhassine F, Mallet A, Marcelin AG, Guatelli J, Schwartz O. Tetherin restricts productive HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1000955. [PMID: 20585562 PMCID: PMC2887479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The IFN-inducible antiviral protein tetherin (or BST-2/CD317/HM1.24) impairs release of mature HIV-1 particles from infected cells. HIV-1 Vpu antagonizes the effect of tetherin. The fate of virions trapped at the cell surface remains poorly understood. Here, we asked whether tetherin impairs HIV cell-to-cell transmission, a major means of viral spread. Tetherin-positive or -negative cells, infected with wild-type or DeltaVpu HIV, were used as donor cells and cocultivated with target lymphocytes. We show that tetherin inhibits productive cell-to-cell transmission of DeltaVpu to targets and impairs that of WT HIV. Tetherin accumulates with Gag at the contact zone between infected and target cells, but does not prevent the formation of virological synapses. In the presence of tetherin, viruses are then mostly transferred to targets as abnormally large patches. These viral aggregates do not efficiently promote infection after transfer, because they accumulate at the surface of target cells and are impaired in their fusion capacities. Tetherin, by imprinting virions in donor cells, is the first example of a surface restriction factor limiting viral cell-to-cell spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Sourisseau
- Institut Pasteur, Virus and Immunity Unit, URA CNRS 3015, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Feldmann
- Institut Pasteur, Virus and Immunity Unit, URA CNRS 3015, Paris, France
| | | | - Adeline Mallet
- Plateforme de Microscopie Electronique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- UPMC University Paris 06, and Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - John Guatelli
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Virus and Immunity Unit, URA CNRS 3015, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Roohvand F, Maillard P, Lavergne JP, Boulant S, Walic M, Andréo U, Goueslain L, Helle F, Mallet A, McLauchlan J, Budkowska A. Initiation of hepatitis C virus infection requires the dynamic microtubule network: role of the viral nucleocapsid protein. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:13778-13791. [PMID: 19269968 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807873200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early events leading to the establishment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are not completely understood. We show that intact and dynamic microtubules play a key role in the initiation of productive HCV infection. Microtubules were required for virus entry into cells, as evidenced using virus pseudotypes presenting HCV envelope proteins on their surface. Studies carried out using the recent infectious HCV model revealed that microtubules also play an essential role in early, postfusion steps of the virus cycle. Moreover, low concentrations of vinblastin and nocodazol, microtubule-affecting drugs, and paclitaxel, which stabilizes microtubules, inhibited infection, suggesting that microtubule dynamic instability and/or treadmilling mechanisms are involved in HCV internalization and early transport. By protein chip and direct core-dependent pull-down assays, followed by mass spectrometry, we identified beta- and alpha-tubulin as cellular partners of the HCV core protein. Surface plasmon resonance analyses confirmed that core directly binds to tubulin with high affinity via amino acids 2-117. The interaction of core with tubulin in vitro promoted its polymerization and enhanced the formation of microtubules. Immune electron microscopy showed that HCV core associates, at least temporarily, with microtubules polymerized in its presence. Studies by confocal microscopy showed a juxtaposition of core with microtubules in HCV-infected cells. In summary, we report that intact and dynamic microtubules are required for virus entry into cells and for early postfusion steps of infection. HCV may exploit a direct interaction of core with tubulin, enhancing microtubule polymerization, to establish efficient infection and promote virus transport and/or assembly in infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Roohvand
- Unité des Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée and Institut Pasteur, 25/28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75724, France
| | - Patrick Maillard
- Unité des Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée and Institut Pasteur, 25/28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75724, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavergne
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie de Protéines (IBCP-UMR 5086), CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Lyon 69367, France
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Medical Research Council Virology Unit, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Marine Walic
- Unité des Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée and Institut Pasteur, 25/28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75724, France
| | - Ursula Andréo
- Unité des Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée and Institut Pasteur, 25/28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75724, France
| | - Lucie Goueslain
- Institut de Biologie de Lille (UMR8161), CNRS, Université de Lille I & II, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille 59021, France
| | - François Helle
- Institut de Biologie de Lille (UMR8161), CNRS, Université de Lille I & II, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille 59021, France
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Plate-Forme de Microscopie Ultrastructurale, Institut Pasteur, 25/28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75724, France
| | - John McLauchlan
- Medical Research Council Virology Unit, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Agata Budkowska
- Unité des Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée and Institut Pasteur, 25/28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75724, France.
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Martin-Latil S, Gnädig N, Mallet A, Prevost MC, Desdouits M, Gessain A, Ozden S, Ceccaldi PE. Mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-1: in vitro study of HTLV-1 passage across a tight human epithelial barrier. Retrovirology 2009. [DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s1-o3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Goyard S, Knechtle P, Chauvel M, Mallet A, Prévost MC, Proux C, Coppée JY, Schwarz P, Schwartz P, Dromer F, Park H, Filler SG, Janbon G, d'Enfert C. The Yak1 kinase is involved in the initiation and maintenance of hyphal growth in Candida albicans. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:2251-66. [PMID: 18321992 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-09-0960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylated and regulated kinase (DYRK) family perform a variety of functions in eukaryotes. We used gene disruption, targeted pharmacologic inhibition, and genome-wide transcriptional profiling to dissect the function of the Yak1 DYRK in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. C. albicans strains with mutant yak1 alleles showed defects in the yeast-to-hypha transition and in maintaining hyphal growth. They also could not form biofilms. Despite their in vitro filamentation defect, C. albicans yak1Delta/yak1Delta mutants remained virulent in animal models of systemic and oropharyngeal candidiasis. Transcriptional profiling showed that Yak1 was necessary for the up-regulation of only a subset of hypha-induced genes. Although downstream targets of the Tec1 and Bcr1 transcription factors were down-regulated in the yak1Delta/yak1Delta mutant, TEC1 and BCR1 were not. Furthermore, 63% of Yak1-dependent, hypha-specific genes have been reported to be negatively regulated by the transcriptional repressor Tup1 and inactivation of TUP1 in the yak1Delta/yak1Delta mutant restored filamentation, suggesting that Yak1 may function upstream of Tup1 in governing hyphal emergence and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Goyard
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique USC2019, Paris, France
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Dehail P, Bestaven E, Muller F, Mallet A, Robert B, Bourdel-Marchasson I, Petit J. Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of rising from a chair during a "Sit-to-Walk" task in elderly subjects: role of strength. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2007; 22:1096-103. [PMID: 17897758 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With aging, the deterioration of the ability to rise from a chair constitutes a major source of disability and a factor contributing to the loss of autonomy. The aim of this study was to describe kinematic and electromyographic characteristics of rising from a chair during a Sit-to-Walk task and to investigate the relationships between lower limb muscle strength and Sit-to-Walk characteristics. METHODS Twenty-four healthy elderly subjects (mean age: 73.8 (6.4) years) were included. The task analyzed consisted in standing up and taking a step. Kinematic data were obtained using a 3D motion analysis software. Surface electromyography of eight lower limb muscles was recorded. Isokinetic strength of ankle plantar flexor and knee flexors and extensors was evaluated. FINDINGS The Sit-to-Walk was divided into four phases. For 19 subjects, this task can be considered as a continuum with an overlap of the phases. In comparison with the Sit-to-Stand description, the Sit-to-Walk transition phase, which combined trunk flexion and knee extension, appeared longer in order to increase the body forward transfer for gait initiation. In most cases, the tibialis anterior and peroneus longus muscles were first activated. The isokinetic strength of the knee extensors was negatively correlated with the amplitude of trunk flexion and the knee flexors/extensors torque ratio was correlated with the length of this phase. INTERPRETATION Characterization of Sit-to-Walk movement provides information about the ability to rise from a chair. In the elderly, a better knowledge of its determinants could lead to improve strategies for rehabilitation of this critical task.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dehail
- Département de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Bordeaux, France,
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Jardin A, Moreau R, Pham MT, Mallet A, Redarce T, Dupuis O. Design of a medical simulator for subcutaneous contraceptive implant insertion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 2007:1746-9. [PMID: 18002314 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4352648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
New contraceptive methods like the subcutaneous implant offers a new kind of comfort for women with an efficiency similar to the contraceptive pill. Unfortunately, the few numbers of unintended pregnancies that have been reported, are generally due to a bad insertion of the implant. In order to give more security to patients, we have designed, in close collaboration with physicians, a new kind of medical simulator. This simulator can be used for two purposes: one for training novice physicians in the correct gesture and the other for doctor certification which will help to determine if they are capable of inserting the implant in vivo. This paper describes the approach which has led to the design of this simulator. It describes its functionalities, its several components but also methods used to analyze the gesture of the implant insertion inside the patient. Finally, first experimental results are reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jardin
- Laboratory Ampère UMR CNRS 5005, INSA-Lyon, France.
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Conort P, Desgrandchamps F, Ravery V, Ciofu C, Bissery A, Mallet A. POS-03.115: Tolerance of one session of high intensity focused ultrasound (Ablatherm®) for localized prostate cancer: National prospective controlled study. Urology 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Beauvais A, Schmidt C, Guadagnini S, Roux P, Perret E, Henry C, Paris S, Mallet A, Prévost MC, Latgé JP. An extracellular matrix glues together the aerial-grown hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus. Cell Microbiol 2007; 9:1588-600. [PMID: 17371405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary infections due to Aspergillus fumigatus result from the development of a colony of tightly associated hyphae in contact with the air, either in the alveoli (invasive aspergillosis) or in an existing cavity (aspergilloma). The fungal ball observed in vivo resembles an aerial colony obtained in agar medium in vitro more than a mycelial mass obtained in liquid shaken conditions that have been classically used to date to study A. fumigatus physiology. For this reason, we embarked on an analysis of the characteristics of A. fumigatus colonies grown in aerial static conditions. (i) Under static aerial conditions, mycelial growth is greater than in shaken, submerged conditions. (ii) The colony surface of A. fumigatus revealed the presence of an extracellular hydrophobic matrix that acts as a cohesive linkage bonding hyphae into a contiguous sheath. (iii) The extracellular matrix is composed of galactomannan, alpha1,3 glucans, monosaccharides and polyols, melanin and proteins including major antigens and hydrophobins. (iv) A. fumigatus colonies were more resistant to polyenes than shake, submerged mycelium. This is the first analysis of the three dimensional structure of a mycelial colony. Knowledge of this multicellular organization will impact our future understanding of the pathobiology of aerial mold pathogens.
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Ourahma S, Mercadal L, Tezenas du Montcel S, Assogba D, Bitker MO, Mallet A, Barrou B. Anemia in the Period Immediately Following Renal Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2007; 39:1446-50. [PMID: 17580158 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anemia remains frequent in the first month following renal transplantation and is a risk factor for cardiovascular accidents. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of anemia during this period notably among different immunosuppressive treatment groups. METHODS In this study, we entered the patients who had received a renal allograft in our transplant unit from 1993 to 2003, including patients who had received azathioprine (AZA) from 1993 to 1996 and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) from 1996 to 2003. No patient received rHu-erythropoietin after transplantation during that period. A mathematical model normalized the hemoglobin (Hb) threshold level at which blood transfusion was decided and Hb on admission. RESULTS One hundred and eighty-eight patients on AZA and 223 on MMF were included in the analysis. The mean age +/- SD was 41 +/- 12 years in the AZA group, and 45 +/- 12 years in the MMF group (P < .006). Before the transplantation, Hb was higher in the MMF group (11.4 +/- 1.9 vs 10.2 +/- 2 g/dL, P < .0001). After normalization at a threshold level of transfusion of 7 g/dL, transfusions were more frequent among the MMF group (72% vs 48%, P < .0001). Double therapy with MMF (1500 mg/d) + steroids or therapy with MMF (750 mg/d) + tacrolimus + steroids increased the risk of transfusion compared to the AZA group. MMF (750 mg/d) + cyclosporine conferred a similar risk of transfusion compared with the AZA group. CONCLUSION MMF alone or in association with tacrolimus is associated with an increased risk of anemia and transfusion in the immediate posttransplantation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ourahma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pitié-Salpêtrière's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 83 boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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Chevalier SA, Walic M, Calattini S, Mallet A, Prévost MC, Gessain A, Mahieux R. Construction and characterization of a full-length infectious simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 molecular clone. J Virol 2007; 81:6276-85. [PMID: 17428869 PMCID: PMC1900091 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02538-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with their simian T-cell lymphotropic virus (STLV) equivalent, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), HTLV-2, and HTLV-3 form the primate T-cell lymphotropic virus (PTLV) group. Over the years, understanding the biology and pathogenesis of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 has been widely improved by the creation of molecular clones. In contrast, so far, PTLV-3 experimental studies have been restricted to the overexpression of the tax gene using reporter assays. We have therefore decided to construct an STLV-3 molecular clone. We generated a full-length STLV-3 proviral clone (8,891 bp) by PCR amplification of overlapping fragments. This STLV-3 molecular clone was then transfected into 293T cells. Reverse transcriptase PCR experiments followed by sequence analysis of the amplified products allowed us to establish that both gag and tax/rex mRNAs were transcribed. Western blotting further demonstrated the presence of the STLV-3 p24gag protein in the cell culture supernatant from transfected cells. Transient transfection of 293T cells and of 293T-long terminal repeat-green fluorescent protein cells with the STLV-3 clone promoted syncytium formation, a hallmark of PTLV Env expression, as well as the appearance of fluorescent cells, also demonstrating that the Tax3 protein was expressed. Virus particles were visible by electron microscopy. These particles are infectious, as demonstrated by our cell-free-infection experiments with purified virions. All together, our data demonstrate that the STLV-3 molecular clone is functional and infectious. This clone will give us a unique opportunity to study in vitro the different pX transcripts and the putative presence of antisense transcripts and to evaluate the PTLV-3 pathogenicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Alain Chevalier
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, CNRS URA 3015, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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Schüpbach WMM, Chastan N, Welter ML, Houeto JL, Mesnage V, Bonnet AM, Czernecki V, Maltête D, Hartmann A, Mallet L, Pidoux B, Dormont D, Navarro S, Cornu P, Mallet A, Agid Y. Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: a 5 year follow up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76:1640-4. [PMID: 16291886 PMCID: PMC1739461 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.063206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The short term benefits of bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with advanced levodopa responsive Parkinson's disease (PD) are well documented, but long term benefits are still uncertain. OBJECTIVES This study provides a 5 year follow up of PD patients treated with stimulation of the STN. METHODS Thirty seven consecutive patients with PD treated with bilateral STN stimulation were assessed prospectively 6, 24, and 60 months after neurosurgery. Parkinsonian motor disability was evaluated with and without levodopa treatment, with and without bilateral STN stimulation. Neuropsychological and mood assessments included the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, the frontal score, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). RESULTS No severe peri- or immediate postoperative side effects were observed. Six patients died and one was lost to follow up. Five years after neurosurgery: (i) activity of daily living (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) II) was improved by stimulation of the STN by 40% ("off" drug) and 60% ("on" drug); (ii) parkinsonian motor disability (UPDRS III) was improved by 54% ("off" drug) and 73% ("on" drug); (iii) the severity of levodopa related motor complications was decreased by 67% and the levodopa daily doses were reduced by 58%. The MADRS was unchanged, but cognitive performance declined significantly. Persisting adverse effects included eyelid opening apraxia, weight gain, addiction to levodopa treatment, hypomania and disinhibition, depression, dysarthria, dyskinesias, and apathy. CONCLUSIONS Despite moderate motor and cognitive decline, probably due to disease progression, the marked improvement in motor function observed postoperatively was sustained 5 years after neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M M Schüpbach
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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Abstract
In this paper, we are interested in estimating parameters entering nonlinear mixed effects models using a likelihood maximization approach. As the accuracy of the likelihood approximation is likely to govern the quality of the derived estimates of both the distribution of the random effects and the fixed parameters, we propose a methodological approach based on the adaptive Gauss Hermite quadrature to better approximate the likelihood function. This work presents improvements of this quadrature that render it accurate and computationally efficient in the problem of likelihood approximation with, an application to mixture models, models which allow the description of coexistence of several different homogeneous subpopulations specifying the distribution of random effects as a mixture of Gaussian distributions. These improvements are based on a new choice of the scaling matrix followed by its optimisation. An application to a phase III clinical trial of an anticoagulant molecule is proposed and estimation results are compared to those obtained with the most frequently used method in population pharmacokinetic analysis. Moreover, in order to evaluate the accuracy of the estimations, an analysis of simulated pharmacokinetic data derived from the model and the a priori values of population parameters of the previous study are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lemenuel-Diot
- INSERM U436, département de Biomathématiques, CHU Pitié Salpétrière, 91 bd de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris cedex 13, France.
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