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Zhang W, Wang S, Yin F, Dong H, Cao Q, Lian T, Zhu J. Produce individual medium chain carboxylic acids (MCCA) from swine manure: Performance evaluation and economic analysis. Waste Manag 2022; 144:255-262. [PMID: 35413524 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental issues caused by untreated animal manure require the development of resource recovery from waste through a circular economy approach. Producing medium chain carboxylic acids (MCCA) with higher value than biogas from manure has become promising. The objective of this study was to develop an effective individual MCCA produce process utilizing manure. In this study, animal manure was firstly anaerobic fermentation into short chain fatty acids (SCFA), then acidified manure and ethanol were fed into the chain elongation reactor with gradually increasing the organic loading rate (OLR) from 7.0 to 18.5 gCOD/L/d, and the mixed MCCA was separated individually via a fractional distillation process. The SCFA fermentation occurred mainly at the first 10 days, and the optimum concentrations of SCFA for treatments at 2 %VS, 4 %VS and 6 %VS were 6.58, 10.40 and 14.10 g/L, respectively. For the chain elongation reactor, the maximum concentrations of n-caproate and n-caprylate were 10.25 and 0.63 g/L, respectively, which were comparable with that obtained from other complex wastes. Over 90% MCCA can be recovered from the fermentation broth via the optimized extractant of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and the fractional distillation system. Preliminary economic analysis shows that this MCCA production process presented a higher economic benefit (9.25 $/m3 manure) than traditional biogas production (2.65 $/m3 manure), making MCCA production from swine manure economically competitive. This work provides a new route for manure resource recovery besides the biogas process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqin Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shunli Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fubin Yin
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongmin Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Qitao Cao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianjing Lian
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Wu RT, Cai YF, Xing SC, Yang YW, Mi JD, Liao XD. A novel method for extraction of polypropylene microplastics in swine manure. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:13021-13030. [PMID: 33095895 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the development of modern industry and agriculture, plentiful microplastics (MPs) were produced as a result of the abuse of plastic. The widespread presence of MPs in soils has caused coastal ecological environment pollution. Previous research has shown that fertilizer is one pathway for the entry of MPs into agricultural soils. Meanwhile, livestock manure is a major fertilizer for crops, and the application of livestock manure compost creates a potential pathway for MPs to enter soils. Thus, MPs may exist in livestock manure from the process of livestock breeding and ultimately contaminate agricultural soils. Based on the increasing attention to MP pollution, manure-born MPs will attract more interest in the future. Thus, the present study compares the extraction effects of centrifugation with fractional distillation, and an improved method is introduced to extract polypropylene (PP) from different types of swine manure. The numbers of particles and fibers were determined using a camera (MS60) connected to a stereomicroscope (Mshot MZ62), and the results showed that the recovery rate of plastic particles in swine manure based on different added numbers ranged from 71.43% ± 8.36 to 96.67% ± 3.33 with the centrifugation method, and only 31.11% ± 10.56 to 43.33% ± 12.56 using fractional distilling. The recovery rate for fibers was generally higher than for particles, especially using centrifugation, and ranged from 95.67% ± 1.58 to 100% ± 0, while the rate of fiber recovery using fractional distillation ranged from 39.44% ± 10.66 to 39.44 ± 10.66. The results of recovery rates using the two methods show that the effect of extraction by centrifugation is superior to the method of fractional distillation, with a recovery rate of approximately 100% for fibers and 90% for particles. The recovery number of microplastics evaluated with a line regression model was acceptable. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ting Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Feng Cai
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Cheng Xing
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Wen Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Dui Mi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Di Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Silvestre WP, Medeiros FR, Agostini F, Toss D, Pauletti GF. Fractionation of rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oil using vacuum fractional distillation. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:5422-5434. [PMID: 31749490 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rosemary essential oil has many compounds suitable for use in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals industries. This study aimed to evaluate vacuum fractional distillation to separate and purify components of rosemary oil, also to observe the distillation patterns. The light terpenes (α-pinene, myrcene, camphene) were removed at the top of the column, while the oxygen containing components (verbenone, borneol, linalool, geraniol) remained at the bottom. The concentrations of some minor compounds increased more than ten times (borneol, geraniol) compared with the raw oil. There was no evidence of thermal degradation in any of the experiments. Therefore, vacuum fractional distillation may be an interesting process to upgrade rosemary essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendel Paulo Silvestre
- 1Course of Chemical Engineering, University of Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Petrópolis, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560 Brazil.,2Course of Agronomy, University of Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Petrópolis, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560 Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rilo Medeiros
- 1Course of Chemical Engineering, University of Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Petrópolis, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560 Brazil
| | - Fabiana Agostini
- 3Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Petrópolis, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560 Brazil
| | - Daniel Toss
- 1Course of Chemical Engineering, University of Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Petrópolis, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560 Brazil
| | - Gabriel Fernandes Pauletti
- 2Course of Agronomy, University of Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Petrópolis, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560 Brazil
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Hanif MA, Nawaz H, Naz S, Mukhtar R, Rashid N, Bhatti IA, Saleem M. Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of different fractions of hemp essential oil extracted at 130°C using steam distillation method. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 182:168-174. [PMID: 28431313 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Raman spectroscopy along with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used for the characterization of pure essential oil (pure EO) isolated from the leaves of the Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.,) as well as its different fractions obtained by fractional distillation process. Raman spectra of pure Hemp essential oil and its different fractions show characteristic key bands of main volatile terpenes and terpenoids, which significantly differentiate them from each other. These bands provide information about the chemical composition of sample under investigation and hence can be used as Raman spectral markers for the qualitative monitoring of the pure EO and different fractions containing different active compounds. PCA differentiates the Raman spectral data into different clusters and loadings of the PCA further confirm the biological origin of the different fractions of the essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Saima Naz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Rashid
- Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology (FIRST), Abbaspura, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics (NILOP), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Bauer AE, Frank RA, Headley JV, Peru KM, Farwell AJ, Dixon DG. Toxicity of oil sands acid-extractable organic fractions to freshwater fish: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) and Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka). Chemosphere 2017; 171:168-176. [PMID: 28013078 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Alberta oil sands are one of the largest global petroleum deposits and, due to non-release practices for oil sands process-affected waters, produced tailings are stored in large ponds. The acid extractable organic (AEO) compounds in oil sands process-affected water are of greatest concern due to their persistence and toxicity to a variety of aquatic biota. The present study evaluated the toxicity of the five AEO fractions to two fish species: Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) and Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow). The fractions (F1-F5) were comprised of AEO with increasing mean molecular weight and subsequent increases in cyclicity, aromaticity, degree of oxygenation, and heteroatom content. The lowest molecular weight fraction, F1, displayed the lowest acute toxicity to both fish species. For fathead minnow, F5 displayed the greatest toxic potency, while F2 to F4 displayed intermediate toxicities. For Japanese medaka, F2 and F3 displayed the greatest acute toxicities and F1, F4 and F5 were significantly less potent. Overall, fathead minnow were more acutely sensitive to AEO than Japanese medaka. The present study indicates that AEO toxicity may not be solely driven by a narcotic mode of action, but chemical composition such as aromaticity and heteroatom content and their relation to toxicity suggest other drivers indicative of additional modes of toxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Bauer
- Biology Department, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Richard A Frank
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - John V Headley
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Kerry M Peru
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Andrea J Farwell
- Biology Department, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - D George Dixon
- Biology Department, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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