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Stensen S, Krogh LL, Sparre-Ulrich AH, Dela F, Hartmann B, Vilsbøll T, Holst JJ, Rosenkilde MM, Christensen MB, Gasbjerg LS, Knop FK. Acute concomitant glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor antagonism during glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonism does not affect appetite, resting energy expenditure or food intake in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1882-1887. [PMID: 35491518 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Signe Stensen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Liva L Krogh
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Alexander H Sparre-Ulrich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Antag Therapeutics Aps, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Christensen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Centre for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laerke S Gasbjerg
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Nakamura T, Tanimoto H, Okamoto M, Takeuchi M, Tsubamoto Y, Noda H. GIP Receptor Antagonist, SKL-14959 Indicated Alteration of the Lipids Metabolism to Catabolism by the Inhibition of Plasma LPL Activity, Resulting in the Suppression of Weight Gain on Diets-Induced Obesity Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1095-1105. [PMID: 33727843 PMCID: PMC7955685 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s297353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) plays a crucial role in the regulation of lipid metabolism via lipoprotein lipase (LPL). GIP receptor antagonist, SKL-14959, suppressed the weight gain in the diet-induced obesity model. However, the mechanism is not unclear. Therefore, we aimed to give insight into the reason. METHODS Mice were divided into three groups of the low-fat diet, high-fat diets mixture with or without SKL-14959 for 151 days, and were monitored body weight and food consumption through the test. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were also performed. After that, blood, liver, muscle and adipose tissue were collected. Blood samples were measured glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glucose, insulin, GIP level and plasma LPL activity. Triacylglycerol (TG) contents of liver and muscles were also measured. Moreover, a simple correlation analysis was performed. RESULTS SKL-14959 suppressed the body weight gain, decreased body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, and fasting glucose level, and trended to decline adipose tissues weight and TG contents compared with the vehicle, and inhibited plasma LPL activity. OGTT and ITT in the SKL-14959 group were not significantly changed relative to the vehicle. Additionally, upon treatment with SKL-14959 treatment, weight gain had weak correlation with lipase activity. Furthermore, lipase activity was associated with the fat mass and not white but red muscle TG contents and liver TG contents were not associated with lipase activity but HbA1c. IN CONCLUSION SKL-14959 might direct lipids metabolism to catabolism by inhibition of plasma LPL activity, resulting in the suppression of weight gain on diets-induced obesity mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakamura
- Biological Research Group Drug Discovery Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Mie, Japan
| | - Hitomi Tanimoto
- Biological Research Group Drug Discovery Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Mie, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okamoto
- Biological Research Group Drug Discovery Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Mie, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Takeuchi
- Biological Research Group Drug Discovery Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Tsubamoto
- Biological Research Group Drug Discovery Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Mie, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Noda
- Biological Research Group Drug Discovery Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Mie, Japan
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Gasbjerg LS, Bari EJ, Stensen S, Hoe B, Lanng AR, Mathiesen DS, Christensen MB, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Rosenkilde MM, Knop FK. Dose-dependent efficacy of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor antagonist GIP(3-30)NH 2 on GIP actions in humans. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:68-74. [PMID: 32886401 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) fragment GIP(3-30)NH2 is a selective, competitive GIP receptor antagonist, and doses of 800 to 1200 pmol/kg/min inhibit GIP-induced potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by >80% in humans. We evaluated the effects of GIP(3-30)NH2 across a wider dose range in eight healthy men undergoing six separate and randomized 10-mmol/L hyperglycaemic clamps (A-F) with concomitant intravenous infusion of GIP (1.5 pmol/kg/min; A-E) or saline (F). Clamps A to E involved double-blinded, infusions of saline (A) and GIP(3-30)NH2 at four rates: 2 (B), 20 (C), 200 (D) and 2000 pmol/kg/min (E), respectively. Mean plasma concentrations of glucose (A-F) and GIP (A-E) were similar. GIP-induced potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was reduced by 44 ± 10% and 84 ± 10% during clamps D and E, respectively. Correspondingly, the amounts of glucose required to maintain the clamp during D and E were not different from F. GIP-induced suppression of bone resorption and increase in heart rate were lowered by clamps D and E. In conclusion, GIP(3-30)NH2 provides extensive, dose-dependent inhibition of the GIP receptor in humans, with most pronounced effects of the doses 200 to 2000 pmol/kg/min within the tested range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laerke Smidt Gasbjerg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Emilie J Bari
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Signe Stensen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Hoe
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amalie R Lanng
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David S Mathiesen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Christensen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip Krag Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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Gasbjerg LS, Helsted MM, Hartmann B, Sparre-Ulrich AH, Veedfald S, Stensen S, Lanng AR, Bergmann NC, Christensen MB, Vilsbøll T, Holst JJ, Rosenkilde MM, Knop FK. GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Antagonism During a Meal in Healthy Individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5741259. [PMID: 32077470 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The actions of both endogenous incretin hormones during a meal have not previously been characterized. OBJECTIVE Using specific receptor antagonists, we investigated the individual and combined contributions of endogenous glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) to postprandial glucose metabolism, energy expenditure, and gallbladder motility. DESIGN Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design. SETTING On four separate days, four liquid mixed meal tests (1894 kJ) over 270 minutes (min). PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twelve healthy male volunteers. INTERVENTIONS Infusions of the GIP receptor antagonist GIP(3-30)NH2 (800 pmol/kg/min), the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39)NH2 (0-20 min: 1000 pmol/kg/min; 20-270 min: 450 pmol/kg/min), GIP(3-30)NH2+exendin(9-39)NH2, or placebo/saline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Baseline-subtracted area under the curve (bsAUC) of C-peptide. RESULTS Infusion of GIP(3-30)NH2+exendin(9-39)NH2 significantly increased plasma glucose excursions (bsAUC: 261 ± 142 mmol/L × min) during the liquid mixed meals compared with GIP(3-30)NH2 (180 ± 141 mmol/L × min; P = 0.048), exendin(9-39)NH2 (171 ± 114 mmol/L × min; P = 0.046), and placebo (116 ± 154 mmol/L × min; P = 0.015). Correspondingly, C-peptide:glucose ratios during GIP(3-30)NH2+exendin(9-39)NH2 infusion were significantly lower than during GIP(3-30)NH2 (P = 0.0057), exendin(9-39)NH2 (P = 0.0038), and placebo infusion (P = 0.014). GIP(3-30)NH2 resulted in significantly lower AUCs for glucagon than exendin(9-39)NH2 (P = 0.0417). Gallbladder ejection fraction was higher during GIP(3-30)NH2 compared with placebo (P = 0.004). For all interventions, energy expenditure and respiratory quotient were similar. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous GIP and GLP-1 lower postprandial plasma glucose excursions and stimulate insulin secretion but only endogenous GIP affects gallbladder motility. The two incretin hormones potentiate each other's effects in the control of postprandial glycemia in healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lærke S Gasbjerg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Mads M Helsted
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander H Sparre-Ulrich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Antag Therapeutics ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Veedfald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Stensen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Amalie R Lanng
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Natasha C Bergmann
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Zealand Pharma A/S, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Christensen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Baldassano S, Gasbjerg LS, Kizilkaya HS, Rosenkilde MM, Holst JJ, Hartmann B. Increased Body Weight and Fat Mass After Subchronic GIP Receptor Antagonist, but Not GLP-2 Receptor Antagonist, Administration in Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:492. [PMID: 31447774 PMCID: PMC6691063 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) are hormones secreted from the enteroendocrine cells after a meal. They exert their actions through activation of G protein-coupled receptors (R), the GIPR and GLP-2R, respectively. Both have been reported to influence metabolism. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of the hormones in the regulation of lipid and bone homeostasis by subchronic treatment with novel GIPR and GLP-2R antagonists. Rats were injected once daily with vehicle, GIPR, or GLP-2R antagonists for 3 weeks. Body weight, food intake, body composition, plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adipokines, triglycerides and the marker of bone resorption carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX), were examined. In rats, subchronic treatment with GIPR antagonist, rat GIP (3-30)NH2, did not modify food intake and bone resorption, but significantly increased body weight, body fat mass, triglycerides, LPL, and leptin levels compared with vehicle treated rats. Subchronic (Pro3)GIP (a partial GIPR agonist), GLP-2(11-33), and GLP-2(3-33) (GLP-2R antagonists) treatment did not affect any parameter. The present results would be consistent with a role for GIP, but not GLP-2, in the maintenance of lipid homeostasis in rats, while neither GIPR nor GLP-2R antagonism appeared to influence bone resorption in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Baldassano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lærke Smidt Gasbjerg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Bolette Hartmann
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Nakamura T, Tanimoto H, Mizuno Y, Okamoto M, Takeuchi M, Tsubamoto Y, Noda H. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor antagonist, SKL-14959, suppressed body weight gain on diet-induced obesity mice. Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:194-203. [PMID: 29670757 PMCID: PMC5893465 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Gastric inhibitory polypeptide plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism and is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The objective of this study is to confirm the anti-obesity effects of the gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor antagonist, SKL-14959, on diet-induced obesity mice. Method Diet-induced obesity mice at 20 weeks of age were administered with or without SKL-14959 for 96 d. Body weight and food intake were monitored throughout the experiment. Mice were sacrificed, and physiological and biochemical markers were measured, and then histochemical and gene expression analyses were also performed. In further studies, mice were orally gavaged with [14C]-oleic acid to investigate the excursion of digested lipids. Results SKL-14959 significantly suppressed weight gain without affecting food intake, decreased triacylglycerol contents in the liver and the muscle and the intensity stained with oil-red in the liver. It also improved plasma glutamic pyruvic transaminase and 3-hydroxybutyrate levels in addition to notably down-regulated relative gene expression of srebf1 and dgat1 in the liver despite not altering in the adipose tissue. Furthermore, SKL-14959 showed remarkable inhibition of lipid uptake in the adipose tissue after the oil challenge. Conclusion SKL-14959 inhibited lipids uptake and improved lipids metabolism, results in suppression of body-weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Nakamura
- Biological Research Group, Drug Discovery LaboratoriesSanwa Kagaku KenkyushoInabe‐cityMieJapan
| | - H. Tanimoto
- Biological Research Group, Drug Discovery LaboratoriesSanwa Kagaku KenkyushoInabe‐cityMieJapan
| | - Y. Mizuno
- Biopharmaceutical Study Group, Pharmaceutical Research LaboratoriesSanwa Kagaku KenkyushoInabe‐cityMieJapan
| | - M. Okamoto
- Biological Research Group, Drug Discovery LaboratoriesSanwa Kagaku KenkyushoInabe‐cityMieJapan
| | - M. Takeuchi
- Biological Research Group, Drug Discovery LaboratoriesSanwa Kagaku KenkyushoInabe‐cityMieJapan
| | - Y. Tsubamoto
- Biological Research Group, Drug Discovery LaboratoriesSanwa Kagaku KenkyushoInabe‐cityMieJapan
| | - H. Noda
- Biological Research Group, Drug Discovery LaboratoriesSanwa Kagaku KenkyushoInabe‐cityMieJapan
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Gasbjerg LS, Gabe MBN, Hartmann B, Christensen MB, Knop FK, Holst JJ, Rosenkilde MM. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor antagonists as anti-diabetic agents. Peptides 2018; 100:173-181. [PMID: 29412817 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an intestinal hormone with a broad range of physiological actions. In the postprandial state, the hormone stimulates insulin secretion and during eu- and hypoglycemia, it stimulates glucagon secretion. In addition, GIP increases triacylglycerol (TAG) uptake in adipose tissue and decreases bone resorption. However, the importance of these actions in humans are not clearly understood as a specific GIP receptor (GIPR) antagonist - an essential tool to study GIP physiology - has been missing. Several different GIPR antagonists have been identified comprising both peptides, vaccines against GIP, GIP antibodies or antibodies against the GIPR. However, most of these have only been tested in rodents. In vitro, N- and C-terminally truncated GIP variants are potent and efficacious GIPR antagonists. Recently, GIP(3-30)NH2, a naturally occurring peptide, was shown to block the GIPR in humans and decrease GIP-induced insulin secretion as well as adipose tissue blood flow and TAG uptake. So far, there are no studies with a GIPR antagonist in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but because the elevations in fasting plasma glucagon and paradoxical postprandial glucagon excursions, seen in patients with T2D, are aggravated by GIP, a GIPR antagonist could partly alleviate this and possibly improve the fasting and postprandial glycemia. Since the majority of patients with T2D are overweight, inhibition of GIP-induced fat deposition may be beneficial as well. Here we summarize the studies of GIPR antagonists and discuss the therapeutic potential of the GIP system in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lærke Smidt Gasbjerg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Maria Buur Nordskov Gabe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bring Christensen
- Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip Krag Knop
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Marie Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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