1
|
Wang Y, Zhang M, Ma H, Su H, Li A, Ruan W, Zhao B. Surface Plasmon Resonance from Gallium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Electromagnetic Enhancement Contribution to Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:35038-35045. [PMID: 34279091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, semiconductor-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have received considerable attention and led to a forefront in the SERS field. However, the lack of electromagnetic (EM) enhancement contributions highly precludes the development of semiconductive-substrate-based SERS. In this study, Ga-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated and employed as novel SERS substrates based on the EM enhancement contribution of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The obtained Ga-doped ZnO NPs exhibited obvious SPR absorptions in the visible and near- and mid-infrared regions. SPR absorption can be readily tuned by changing the doping ratios of Ga3+ ions. The SERS spectra of Ga-doped ZnO/4-mercaptopyridine (MPy) were investigated at different excitation wavelengths of 488, 532, 633, and 785 nm. The spectral enhancement of Ga-doped ZnO substrates depended on the doping ratios, excitation wavelengths, and nearby SPR absorption. Ga-doped ZnO NPs with the highest free charge carrier density and the doping ratio of 5% showed the strongest SERS spectra. For the fixed doping ratio of 5%, the better is the match between excitation wavelengths and SPR absorption, the higher is the SERS spectral enhancement. This study showed the feasibility of EM contributions to SERS by using semiconductive substrates and can contribute to the development of the semiconductor-based EM mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongyang Su
- WITec Scientific Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100004, China
| | - Aisen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weidong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seok HJ, Ali A, Seo JH, Lee HH, Jung NE, Yi Y, Kim HK. ZnO:Ga-graded ITO electrodes to control interface between PCBM and ITO in planar perovskite solar cells. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2019; 20:389-400. [PMID: 31068986 PMCID: PMC6493300 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1599695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ga-doped ZnO (GZO)-graded layer, facilitating electron extraction from electron transport layer, was integrated on the surface of transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) cathode by using graded sputtering technique to improve the performance of planar n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The thickness of graded GZO layer was controlled to optimize GZO-indium tin oxide (ITO) combined electrode for planar n-i-p PSCs. At optimized graded thickness of 15 nm, the GZO-ITO combined electrode showed an optical transmittance of 95%, a resistivity of 2.3 × 10-4 Ohm cm, a sheet resistance of 15.6 Ohm/square, and work function of 4.23 eV, which is well matched with the 4.0-eV lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. Owing to enhanced extraction of electron by the graded GZO, the n-i-p PSC with GZO-ITO combined electrode showed higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.67% than the PCE (5.25%) of PSC with only ITO electrode without GZO-graded layer. In addition, the GZO integrated-ITO electrode acts as transparent electrode and electron extraction layer simultaneously due to graded mixing of the GZO at the surface region of ITO electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jun Seok
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Azmat Ali
- Department of Materials Physics, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Seo
- Department of Materials Physics, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hwi Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Eun Jung
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjin Yi
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li P, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yang X, Zhao B. Investigation of the Charge-Transfer Between Ga-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles and Molecules Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering: Doping Induced Band-Gap Shrinkage. Front Chem 2019; 7:144. [PMID: 30941346 PMCID: PMC6433776 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor nanomaterial is a kind of important enhancement substrate in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and the charge-transfer (CT) process contributes dominantly when they are used as the enhancement substrate for SERS. Doping has significant effect on the CT process of semiconductor nanomaterials. Yet till now, none attempts have been made to explore how doping affects the CT process between the semiconductor and probe molecules. For the first time, this paper investigates the effect of gallium (Ga) doping on the CT process between ZnO nanoparticles and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) monolayer. In this paper, a series of Ga-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) with various ratio of Ga and Zn are synthesized and their SERS performances are studied. The study shows that the doped Ga can cause the band gap shrinkage of ZnO NPs and then affect the CT resonance process form the valence band (VB) of ZnO NPs to the LUMO of 4-MBA molecules. The band gap of Ga-doped ZnO NPs is gradually narrowed with the increasing doping concentration, and a minimum value (3.16 eV) is reached with the Ga and Zn ratio of 3.8%, resulting in the maximum degree of CT. This work investigates the effects of doping induced band gap shrinkage on CT using SERS and provides a new insight on improving the SERS performance of semiconductor NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuwei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao S, Zheng J, Zhao J, Yang Z, Li C, Guan X, Yang W, Shang M, Wu T. Enhancing the Performance of Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Using Room-Temperature-Processed Ga-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles as the Electron Transport Layer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:15605-15614. [PMID: 28421740 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal ZnO nanoparticle (NP) films are recognized as efficient electron transport layers (ETLs) for quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) with good stability and high efficiency. However, because of the inherently high work function of such films, spontaneous charge transfer occurs at the QD/ZnO interface in such a QD-LED, thus leading to reduced performance. Here, to improve the QD-LED performance, we prepared Ga-doped ZnO NPs with low work functions and tailored band structures via a room-temperature (RT) solution process without the use of bulky organic ligands. We found that the charge transfer at the interface between the CdSe/ZnS QDs and the doped ZnO NPs was significantly weakened because of the incorporated Ga dopants. Remarkably, the as-assembled QD-LEDs, with Ga-doped ZnO NPs as the ETLs, exhibited superior luminances of up to 44 000 cd/m2 and efficiencies of up to 15 cd/A, placing them among the most efficient red-light QD-LEDs ever reported. This discovery provides a new strategy for fabricating high-performance QD-LEDs by using RT-processed Ga-doped ZnO NPs as the ETLs, which could be generalized to improve the efficiency of other optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Cao
- Institute of Materials, Ningbo University of Technology , Ningbo 315016, China
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinju Zheng
- Institute of Materials, Ningbo University of Technology , Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Jialong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University , Siping 136000, China
| | - Zuobao Yang
- Institute of Materials, Ningbo University of Technology , Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Chengming Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinwei Guan
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weiyou Yang
- Institute of Materials, Ningbo University of Technology , Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Minghui Shang
- Institute of Materials, Ningbo University of Technology , Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Tom Wu
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nomoto J, Makino H, Yamamoto T. High-Hall-Mobility Al-Doped ZnO Films Having Textured Polycrystalline Structure with a Well-Defined (0001) Orientation. Nanoscale Res Lett 2016; 11:320. [PMID: 27365000 PMCID: PMC4929117 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Five hundred-nanometer-thick ZnO-based textured polycrystalline films consisting of 490-nm-thick Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films deposited on 10-nm-thick Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) films exhibited a high Hall mobility (μ H) of 50.1 cm(2)/Vs with a carrier concentration (N) of 2.55 × 10(20) cm(-3). Firstly, the GZO films were prepared on glass substrates by ion plating with dc arc discharge, and the AZO films were then deposited on the GZO films by direct current magnetron sputtering (DC-MS). The GZO interface layers with a preferential c-axis orientation play a critical role in producing AZO films with texture development of a well-defined (0001) orientation, whereas 500-nm-thick AZO films deposited by only DC-MS showed a mixture of the c-plane and the other plane orientation, to exhibit a μ H of 38.7 cm(2)/Vs with an N of 2.22 × 10(20) cm(-3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Nomoto
- Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada-cho, Kami-shi, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan.
| | - Hisao Makino
- Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada-cho, Kami-shi, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada-cho, Kami-shi, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao YF, Tu CG, Chang TW, Chen HT, Weng CM, Su CY, Hsieh C, Liao CH, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Growth of Highly Conductive Ga-Doped ZnO Nanoneedles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:10525-10533. [PMID: 25927161 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The molecular beam epitaxy growth of highly degenerate Ga-doped ZnO (GaZnO) nanoneedles (NNs) based on the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mode using Ag nanoparticles (NPs) as the growth catalyst is demonstrated. It is shown that when the growth substrate temperature is sufficiently high, a portion of a Ag NP can be melted for serving as the catalyst to precipitate GaZnO on the residual Ag NP and form a GaZnO NN. Record-low turn-on and threshold electric fields in the field emission test of the grown GaZnO NNs are observed. Also, a record-high field enhancement factor in field emission is calibrated. Such superior field emission performances are attributed to a few factors, including (1) the low work function and high conductivity of the grown GaZnO NNs due to highly degenerate Ga doping, (2) the sharp-pointed geometry of the vertically aligned GaZnO NNs, (3) the Ag doping in VLS precipitation of GaZnO for further reducing NN resistivity, and (4) the residual small Ag NP at the NN tip for making the tip even sharper and tip conductivity even higher.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Yao
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Charng-Gan Tu
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Wei Chang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Tsung Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Weng
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Su
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chieh Hsieh
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hao Liao
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yean-Woei Kiang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C C Yang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|