1
|
Bekker NS, Toor SS, Sharma K, Pedersen TH, Pedersen LH. Optimizing monosaccharide production from liquid hot water pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of grass-clover press cake. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18448. [PMID: 37534002 PMCID: PMC10391941 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, clover-grass press cake was treated by liquid hot water at temperatures of 180-200 °C for a reaction time of 5-10 min. Evaluation of pretreatments was based on the monosaccharide yield after enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated slurry and solid fraction, respectively. Extraction of up to 48% hemicellulose and 4% cellulose was observed during pretreatment. The optimal pretreatment conditions were identified as 190 °C and 10 min resulting in monosaccharide yields of 90% and 73% of the theoretical maximum by slurry and solid conversion, respectively. At optimal conditions, the C6 monosaccharide yield (83-90%) was fairly equal compared to the C5 monosaccharide yield (56-89%), which increased by slurry conversion due to near-complete monomerization of soluble xylo-oligosaccharides. In this study, we showed that clover-grass press cake possesses considerable potential as feedstock for production of fermentable sugars in a biorefinery context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Sundgaard Bekker
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Saqib Sohail Toor
- Department of Energy, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kamaldeep Sharma
- Department of Energy, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Haastrup Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakarika M, Regueira A, Rabaey K, Ganigué R. Thermophilic caproic acid production from grass juice by sugar-based chain elongation. Sci Total Environ 2023; 860:160501. [PMID: 36436634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Medium chain carboxylic acids (MCCA) such as caproic acid have a plethora of applications, ranging from food additives to bioplastics. MCCA can be produced via microbial chain elongation using waste and side-streams as substrates, a process that can be more sustainable than conventional production routes. Most chain elongation studies have focused on mesophilic conditions, with only two recent studies hinting at the possibility of thermophilic chain elongation, but a systematic study of its mechanisms is lacking. Here, we investigated thermophilic chain elongation from grass juice, to understand the effect of key operational parameters (pH, temperature, substrate) on the process performance and to establish the key microbial genera and their role in the system. The genus Caproiciproducens was identified as responsible for thermophilic chain elongation, and caproic acid production was most favorable at pH 6.0 and 50 °C among the conditions tested, reaching an average concentration of 3.4 g/L. Batch experiments showed that the substrate for caproic acid production were glucose and xylose, while lactic acid led to the production of only butyric acid. Fed-batch experiments showed that substrate availability and the presence of caproic acid in the system play a major role in shaping the profile of thermophilic chain elongation. The increase of the total sugar concentration by glucose addition (without changing the organic load) during continuous operation led to a microbial community dominated (75 %) by Caproiciproducens and increased by 76 % the final average caproic acid concentration to 6.0 g/L (13 gCOD/L) which represented 32 % (g/g) of the total carboxylic acids. The highest concentration achieved was 7.2 g/L (day 197) which is the highest concentration reported under thermophilic conditions thus far. The results of this work pave the way to the potential development of thermophilic systems for upgrading various underexplored abundant and cheap sugar-rich side-streams to caproic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrsini Sakarika
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alberte Regueira
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Cross-disciplinary Research in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ramon Ganigué
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Santamaría-Fernández M, Schneider R, Lübeck M, Venus J. Combining the production of L-lactic acid with the production of feed protein concentrates from alfalfa. J Biotechnol 2020; 323:180-188. [PMID: 32828831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The production of L-lactic acid was investigated in combination with the production of protein concentrates in the frame of a green biorefinery for efficient utilization of grasses and legume crops. Alfalfa green juice was the sole substrate utilized for initial lactic acid fermentation with Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus paracasei or Bacillus coagulans in order to drop the pH and precipitate the plant proteins present in the juice. Afterwards, proteins were separated by microfiltration with 40-42% of protein recovery into protein concentrates, suited for feeding monogastric animals. The (residual) brown juice was investigated as source of nutrients for producing L-lactic acid from glucose or xylose with B. coagulans A107 or B. coagulans A166, respectively. Fermentation of glucose (30, 60, 100 g L-1) resulted in productivities of 2.8-4.0 g L-1 h-1 and yields of 0.85-0.91 g LA per g consumed glucose. Fermentation of xylose (30, 60 g L-1) resulted productivities of 1.1-2.3 g L-1 h-1 and yields of 0.83-0.88 g LA per g consumed xylose. Comparing different brown juices, initial green juice fermentation with B. coagulans is recommended if the brown juice is to be used for producing L-lactic acid. Based on our results, it is possible to combine protein recovery with lactic acid production, and the brown juice proved to be a good nutrient source for L-lactic acid production with high optical purities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Santamaría-Fernández
- Section for Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A C Meyers Vaenge 15, 2450, Copenhagen, SV, Denmark
| | - R Schneider
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, 14469, Germany
| | - M Lübeck
- Section for Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A C Meyers Vaenge 15, 2450, Copenhagen, SV, Denmark.
| | - J Venus
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, 14469, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rinne M, Winquist E, Pihlajaniemi V, Niemi P, Seppälä A, Siika-Aho M. Fibrolytic enzyme treatment prior to ensiling increased press-juice and crude protein yield from grass silage. Bioresour Technol 2020; 299:122572. [PMID: 31869630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Grass is a versatile raw material for green biorefineries and preserving it as silage provides a year-round feedstock. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of fibrolytic enzyme application on silage as a feedstock for a biorefinery. Two batches of grass (mixture of timothy and meadow fescue) silages were ensiled in pilot scale after fibrolytic enzyme was applied to them at four levels. Enzyme application increased fibre degradation linearly during ensiling and increased lactic and acetic acid concentrations in the silage. Simultaneously, silage fermentation quality improved as indicated by decreasing pH and ammonia values. Press-juice and crude protein yields increased in response to the fibrolytic enzyme application, which is beneficial in a biorefinery concept for retrieving valuable nutrients from grass matrix. Optimized ensiling methodology can be considered as a pretreatment for a biorefinery process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marketta Rinne
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
| | - Erika Winquist
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Ville Pihlajaniemi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
| | - Piritta Niemi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
| | - Arja Seppälä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland; Current address: Eastman, Typpitie 1, FI-90620 Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Siika-Aho
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schwarz D, Schoenenwald AKJ, Dörrstein J, Sterba J, Kahoun D, Fojtíková P, Vilímek J, Schieder D, Zollfrank C, Sieber V. Biosynthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate from grass silage by a two-stage fermentation process based on an integrated biorefinery concept. Bioresour Technol 2018; 269:237-245. [PMID: 30179757 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Grass silage as a renewable feedstock for an integrated biorefinery includes nutrients and carbon sources directly available in the press juice (PJ) and in lignocellulosic saccharides from the plant framework. Here, a novel two-stage fed-batch fermentation process for biosynthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Cupriavidus necator DSM 531 is presented. For bacterial growth, nutrient-rich PJ was employed as a fermentation medium, without any supplements. Saccharides derived from the mechano-enzymatic hydrolysis of the press cake (PC) were subjected to a lactic acid fermentation process, before the fermentation products were fed into the polymer accumulation phase. By combination of pH-stat feeding and cell recycling, the PHB content in 22 g L-1 total-dry cells reached 39% after 32 h of cultivation. Using mimicked hydrolyzate of diluted PJ artificially supplemented with glucose and xylose, the resulting cell dry weight of 21 g L-1 contained 42% PHB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schwarz
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Amelie K J Schoenenwald
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Jörg Dörrstein
- Technical University of Munich, Biogenic Polymers, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Jan Sterba
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Kahoun
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Fojtíková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Vilímek
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Doris Schieder
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
| | - Cordt Zollfrank
- Technical University of Munich, Biogenic Polymers, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Parajuli R, Dalgaard T, Birkved M. Can farmers mitigate environmental impacts through combined production of food, fuel and feed? A consequential life cycle assessment of integrated mixed crop-livestock system with a green biorefinery. Sci Total Environ 2018; 619-620:127-143. [PMID: 29145050 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates environmental impacts of an integrated mixed crop-livestock system with a green biorefinery (GBR). System integration included production of feed crops and green biomasses (Sys-I) to meet the demand of a livestock system (Sys-III) and to process green biomasses in a GBR system (Sys-II). Processing of grass-clover to produce feed protein was considered in Sys-II, particularly to substitute the imported soybean meal. Waste generated from the livestock and GBR systems were considered for the conversion to biomethane (Sys-IV). Digestate produced therefrom was assumed to be recirculated back to the farmers' field (Sys-I). A consequential approach of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method was used to evaluate the environmental impacts of a combined production of suckler cow calves (SCC) and Pigs, calculated in terms of their live weight (LW). The functional unit (FU) was a basket of two products "1kgLW-SCC+1kgLW-Pigs", produced at the farm gate. Results obtained per FU were: 19.6kg CO2 eq for carbon footprint; 0.11kg PO4 eq for eutrophication potential, -129MJ eq for non-renewable energy use and -3.9 comparative toxicity units (CTUe) for potential freshwater ecotoxicity. Environmental impact, e.g. greenhouse gas (GHG) emission was primarily due to (i) N2O emission and diesel consumption within Sys-I, (ii) energy input to Sys-II, III and IV, and (iii) methane emission from Sys-III and Sys-IV. Specifically, integrating GBR with the mixed crop-livestock system contributed 4% of the GHG emissions, whilst its products credited 7% of the total impact. Synergies among the different sub-systems showed positive environmental gains for the selected main products. The main effects of the system integration were in the reductions of GHG emissions, fossil fuel consumption, eutrophication potential and freshwater ecotoxicity, compared to a conventional mixed crop-livestock system, without the biogas conversion facility and the GBR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Parajuli
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830-DK Tjele, Denmark; Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Tommy Dalgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830-DK Tjele, Denmark
| | - Morten Birkved
- Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 424, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dietz D, Schneider R, Papendiek F, Venus J. Leguminose green juice as an efficient nutrient for l(+)-lactic acid production. J Biotechnol 2016; 236:26-34. [PMID: 27422353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid is one of the most important building blocks for the production of bioplastic. Many investigations have been conducted to reduce the lactic acid production costs. In this work, the focus was put on the application of legume pressed juice or green juice as nutrient source. The pressed juice was utilized directly without prior pre-treatment and sterilization. Using two different alfalfa green juices and a clover green juice from two different harvest years as sole nutrients, non-sterile fermentations were performed at 52°C and pH 6.0 with a thermotolerant strain Bacillus coagulans AT107. The results showed that alfalfa green juices generally were more suitable for high lactic acid production than clover green juices, presumably due to the higher nitrogen content. A final titer of 98.8g/L after 30h with l(+)-lactic acid purity of >99% was obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna Dietz
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Germany.
| | - Roland Schneider
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Venus
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boakye-Boaten NA, Xiu S, Shahbazi A, Wang L, Li R, Schimmel K. Uses of miscanthus press juice within a green biorefinery platform. Bioresour Technol 2016; 207:285-292. [PMID: 26896712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses some uses of nutrient-rich juice mechanically extracted from freshly harvested Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG) as part of a green biorefinery system. The juice was used for culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria. MxG juice was further used as substrate for fermentation to produce lactic acid using Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum. The results show that MxG juice was a highly nutritious source for the cultivation of bacteria. Higher concentrations of MxG juice used as culture media, resulted in higher cell growth both aerobically and anaerobically. The highest ethanol yield of 70% theoretical and concentration of 0.75g/100ml were obtained from S. cerevisiae cultivated with 90% (v/v) MxG juice media and used for miscanthus solid fraction fermentation. 11.91g/L of lactic acid was also successfully produced from MxG juice through SSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Abayie Boakye-Boaten
- Energy and Environmental Systems Program, College of Arts and Science, North Carolina A & T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States; Biological Engineering Program, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Shuangning Xiu
- Biological Engineering Program, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States.
| | - Abolghasem Shahbazi
- Biological Engineering Program, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Lijun Wang
- Biological Engineering Program, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Rui Li
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A & T State University, 2907 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC 27401, United States; Biological Engineering Program, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Keith Schimmel
- Energy and Environmental Systems Program, College of Arts and Science, North Carolina A & T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rahman QM, Wang L, Zhang B, Xiu S, Shahbazi A. Green biorefinery of fresh cattail for microalgal culture and ethanol production. Bioresour Technol 2015; 185:436-440. [PMID: 25804533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Green biorefinery represents an appropriate approach to utilize the fresh aquatic biomass, eliminating the drying process of conventional bioenergy-converting system. In this study, fresh cattails were homogenized and then filtered, whereby cattails were separated into a fiber-rich cake and a nutrient-rich juice. The juice was used to cultivate microalgae Chlorella spp. in different media. In addition, the solid cake was pretreated with the sonication, and used as the feedstock for ethanol production. The results showed that the cattail juice could be a highly nutritious source for microalgae that are a promising feedstock for biofuels. Sugars released from the cattail cake were efficiently fermented to ethanol using Escherichia coli KO11, with 8.6-12.3% of the theoretical yield. The ultrasonic pretreatment was not sufficient for pretreating cattails. If a dilute acid pretreatment was applied, the conversion ratio of sugars from cattails has the potential to be over 85% of the theoretical value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Shuangning Xiu
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Abolghasem Shahbazi
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| |
Collapse
|