Investigating risks and strategies in adopting green tourism practices in developing economy

In emerging economies, the tourism industry is crucial for economic growth, but it also carries substantial environmental and social risks. Promoting sustainability and reducing the detrimental effects of tourism are two benefits of using green tourism strategies. In order to assess the efficiency of various green tourism practices in reducing these risks, this study will first define the main risks and sub-risks related to implementing green tourist practices in China's developing economy. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and simple additive weighting (SAW) methods are used in the study to assess the multiple risks and strategies of various green tourism initiatives. The results of the AHP method show that economic, environmental, and political risks impede the implementation of green tourism for sustainable development. According to the SAW method findings, clear and effective regulations and guidelines, infrastructure development, and public-private partnerships are top-ranked strategy risks to adopting green tourism practices in China. The study provides implications for policymakers and tourism business owners in developing economies to promote the use of sustainable tourism practices. The study highlights effective strategies to promote sustainability and increase the adoption of sustainable tourism practices. The study offers useful insights for the government, stakeholders, and policymakers to take into account the risks and challenges involved with implementing green tourism practices in the context of China.

Green tourism to green environment: unleashing green pro-tourism behavior for green tourism competitiveness in China

The aim of the study is to study the role of green pro-tourism behavior in developing green tourism competitiveness for green environment. Green tourism is on the rise in China, but locals are not getting on board with supporting it. This research recommends green human resource management (HRM) practices as a way to boost the competitiveness of green tourism and inspire citizens to adopt travel-friendly habits. Human resource management strategies that emphasize training, open lines of communication, and employee autonomy may help the tourism industry foster a culture of environmental stewardship that permeates the surrounding community. According to this study's findings, sustainable tourism can be advanced through the promotion of green HRM practices, which encourage locals to take a more positive stance toward visitors and the destination as a whole. The environmental advantages of green HRM should also be well-researched. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the connection between green HRM, P-EP, environmental consciousness, and servant leadership in the context of the tourism industry. This research used Smart PLS for its structural equation modeling, validity testing, and reliability analysis of data acquired from Chinese hotel workers. Green HRM was shown to have a good effect on proactive P-EP but a smaller effect on P-EP linked to tasks. In addition, the link between green HRM and task-related activities requires careful consideration of servant leadership as a moderating element.

Greening tourism with environmental wellness: importance of environmental engagement, green tourist intentions, and tourist' environmental stimulus

The appearance of COVID-19 has highlighted the critical nature of well-being and health in the modern world that affected the tourism industry at large. Thus, the research aims to estimate the nexus between green tourism inspiration and tourists' environmental wellness, environmental engagement, and green revisit intentions in China. The study obtained data from Chinese tourists and applied the fuzzy estimation technique. The study estimated the findings using fuzzy HFLTS, fuzzy AHP, and fuzzy MABAC techniques. The study results show green tourism inspiration, environmental engagement, and green revisit intentions, while fuzzy AHP revealed that tourism engagement has the highest fuzzy-weighted score in developing the revisit intentions of Chinese tourists. Moreover, the fuzzy MABAC score indicated that green tourism inspiration and environmental wellness matter most in reshaping tourists' revisit intentions. The study results are found to be robust in determining the relationship. Hence, research findings and recommendations for future study will help companies and society at large while elevating the Chinese tourism industry's reputation, impact, and worth in the eyes of the public.

Achieving green tourism through environmental perspectives of green digital technologies, green innovation, and green HR practices

This study investigates tourism growth with the role of green digital technologies and green human resource management (GHRM) in China. We applied a fuzzy analysis technique using the 130 Chinese tourism SMEs that use digital technology. The study results declared that digitalization in tourism increases automation in both the process and the final product, raising demand and quality. Moreover, green digital technologies are significant in agile innovation and tourism growth. The study's results extended that green HRM practices have a significant role in Chinese SMEs developing agile innovation, tourism growth, and green digital innovation. These findings were confirmed by using fuzzy robustness tools. The study proposes to achieve SDGs in China's tourism industry using primitive measures to enhance tourism growth and agile innovation based on green HRM practices and green digital technologies. Such prudent measures suggested improving green digital technologies in the Chinese tourism industry for tourism growth and agile innovation maximization.

Assessing the linkage between energy consumption, financial development, tourism and environment: evidence from method of moments quantile regression

According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), tourism sector ranks high in terms of her contribution to economic growth and employment opportunity generation in most economies. Several studies have been documented in the extant literature on the nexus between emission, tourism, and economic growth. However, the role of foreign direct investment that highlights either pollution haven or halo hypothesis and pivotal role of domestic credit to private sector in an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) environment is lacking in the extant literature. To this end, this study used augmented mean group (AMG) and method of moment quantile regression (MM-QR) approaches to explore the nexus between per capital income and its square, tourism, foreign direct investment, domestic credit to private sector and CO₂ emission. Empirical results show that tourism had a negative significant relationship with CO₂ emission. Furthermore, income on the other hand had positive relationship with emissions while its square had negative relationship with emissions. This result also shows the presence of EKC indicating the inverted U-shaped curve. FDI has shown a positive significant relationship with pollution which indicates the pollutant haven hypothesis (PHH), and credit to private sector shows a positive relationship with CO₂ emission. On the causality analysis from Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel causality test, there was a bi-directional causality between: tourism and CO₂ emission, per capital income and CO₂ emission as well as domestic credit and CO₂ emission. From these outcomes, it shows that tourism development is not detrimental to environmental quality in the Mediterranean region investigated. However, there is need for caution on FDI influx and dirty economic activities that might compromise environmental quality in the study bloc.

Tourism-induced pollution emission amidst energy mix: evidence from Nigeria

In recent years, there is concerted efforts to boost the tourism industry in Nigeria, and regulatory bodies were created for the tourism industry. This study is contributing to the ongoing debate on the tourism-energy-environment literature. Thus, we explore the linkage between tourism development, energy consumption, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission, and renewable energy consumption in Nigeria for the period of 1995-2016. The present study leverages on Bounds testing to cointegration in a carbon-income function environment while incorporating renewable energy consumption to the econometric framework. Subsequently, autoregressive distributed lag methodology alongside dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) is utilized for robustness of estimations. Empirical results give credence to the energy-induced emission hypothesis in Nigeria. This outcome is suggestive to policymakers as fossil fuel-based energy consumption deplete the quality of the environment. Similarly, the study also affirms the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) phenomenon. The emphasis on Nigerian growth trajectory (real income level) relative to her quality of environment via the channel of economic development and energy consumption from fossil-fuel source is indicated. On the other hand, renewable energy consumption in Nigeria shows significant ability to reduce emission level in Nigeria. This result is insightful, which implies that environmental quality is not threatened with an increase in tourist arrivals, hence tourism does not degrade the environment but is sustainable to the environment. Interesting and laudable for stakeholders' international tourism arrival did not deplete the quality of the environment. The plausible explanation is attributed to the scale of tourism in Nigeria which at the moment is still low or much more there is caution/awareness on ecotourism for sustainable environment.