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Yang C, Tian Y, Lv T, Chang X, Zhang M, Gong G, Zhao L, Yang S, Chen H. Histopathological effects of Pedunsaponin A on Pomacea canaliculata. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2018; 148:151-158. [PMID: 29891366 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pedunsaponin A, a novel molluscicidal compound isolated from Pueraria peduncularis, exhibits strong toxicity against Pomacea canaliculata. To determine the mechanisms of Pedunsaponin A toxicity, its effects on the organs and hemocytes of P. canaliculata were examined in this study. The results showed that Pedunsaponin A had significant toxic effects on different organs of the snail, including the lungs, gills, mantle, siphon tube, ventricle, pericardial cavity, hepatopancreas, kidneys, and the major symptom of this toxicity was the loss of cilia in the lungs and gills. Additionally, in further studies on the effects of Pedunsaponin A treatment, we found that the hemocyte count was changed and hemocyte morphology was damaged, which was primarily reflected by cytoplasm leakage, nuclei deformation, and significant reductions in the number of ribosomes and granulocyte mitochondria. Based on these results and considering that blood vessels are distributed in the lungs and gills, we hypothesized that Pedunsaponin A would first destroy the cilia, which disrupt physiological activities such as respiration, excretion and feeding, and then enter the hemolymph through blood vessels, disrupt the normal function of the hemocytes and destroy the snail immune system, eventually resulting in the death of the snail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yue Tian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianxing Lv
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoli Chang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guoshu Gong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liulan Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huabao Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Li Q, Wang P, Chen L, Gao H, Wu L. Acute toxicity and histopathological effects of naproxen in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:18832-18841. [PMID: 27318482 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae were selected to investigate the potential risk and aquatic toxicity of a widely used pharmaceutical, naproxen. The acute toxicity of naproxen to embryos and larvae was measured, respectively. The histopathology was investigated in the liver of zebrafish larvae after 8-day embryo-larvae exposure to naproxen. The values of 96-h LC50 were 115.2 mg/L for embryos and 147.6 mg/L for larvae, indicating that zebrafish embryos were more sensitive than larvae to naproxen exposure. Large suites of symptoms were induced in zebrafish (D. rerio) early life stages by different dosages of naproxen, including hatching inhibition, lower heart rate, and morphological abnormalities. The most sensitive sub-lethal effect caused by naproxen was pericardial edema, the 72-h EC50 values of which for embryos and larvae were 98.3 and 149.0 mg/L, respectively. In addition, naproxen-treated zebrafish larvae exhibited histopathological liver damage, including swollen hepatocytes, vacuolar degeneration, and nuclei pycnosis. The results indicated that naproxen is a potential threat to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hongwen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Hirata T, Teshima T, Nishiyama K, Ogawa K, Otani K, Kawaguchi Y, Konishi K, Tomita Y, Takahashi H, Ohigashi H, Ishikawa O. Histopathological effects of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for pancreatic cancer: an analysis for the impact of radiation and gemcitabine doses. Radiother Oncol 2015; 114:122-7. [PMID: 25614389 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Histopathological findings of patients who underwent resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) reportedly showed beneficial effects. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the correlation between histopathological effects (HE) of preoperative CRT and treatment parameters [radiation and gemcitabine (GEM) doses]. MATERIAL AND METHODS HE of CRT were assessed on 158 primary lesions of 157 patients with PC who underwent pancreatic resection after preoperative CRT with GEM between January 2006 and December 2011. The radiation dose delivered to the primary tumor site and surrounding regional nodal areas was 50 Gy until September 2009 followed by the dose escalation of a 10 Gy boost added for delivery with the field-in-field technique to the roots of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries. Intravenous administration of GEM (1000 /m(2)) was initiated concurrently on days 1, 8, and 15, every 4 weeks and generally repeated for 3 cycles. HE of CRT on the primary tumor were categorized based on the number of tumor cells destroyed. RESULTS The median overall survival time was 74.5 months and 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 64.3% and 54.5%, respectively. Dose-volume parameters of radiation such as D33 with a cut-off value of 51.6 Gy were correlated significantly with HE (p=.0230). Lesions having received GEM>7625 mg/m(2) before surgical resection more frequently showed positive HE (p=.0002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that both D33 and cumulative GEM dose were significant predictors of definite HE (p=.0110 and <.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our retrospective analysis showed that dose intensity of radiation and GEM is significantly related to HE of preoperative CRT for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takero Hirata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruki Teshima
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kinji Nishiyama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Otani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kawaguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Konishi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tomita
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohigashi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
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Feng M, Shi B, Zhao Y, Hu Z, Wu W. Histopathological effects and immunolocalization of periplocoside NW from Periploca sepium Bunge on the midgut epithelium of Mythimna separata Walker larvae. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2014; 115:67-72. [PMID: 25307468 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Periplocoside NW (PSNW) with pregnane glycoside skeleton is a novel insecticidal compound isolated from the root bark of Periploca sepium Bunge. This compound has a potent stomach poisoning activity against several insect pests. In this study, we observed the intoxication symptoms, investigated the histopathological effects and carried out immuno-electron microscopic localization of PSNW on the midgut epithelium of oriental armyworm Mythimna separata Walker larvae for better understanding its action mechanism against insects. Ultrastructural observations showed that cell damages caused by PSNW in the midgut of M. separata larvae are related to the degeneration of brush border microvilli. The dissolution of cytoskeletal structures in the interior and on the surface of microvilli was responsible for the decrease in size and eventual disappearance of microvilli when bubbles of cytoplasmic substances protrude into the midgut lumen of M. separata, thus resulting in cell death. The immuno-electron microscopic localization research showed that gold particle appeared on the microvilli layer of the midgut of M. separate larvae firstly. The density of gold particle gradually added with the time, and finally microvilli layer was destructed severely. Meantime, the gold particles were also presented to the intracellular organelle membrane and the organelles also were destructed. Therefore, we proposed that this membrane system on insect midgut epithelium cells is the initial acting site of PSNW against insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Feng
- Institute of Pesticide Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Baojun Shi
- Institute of Pesticide Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yanchao Zhao
- Institute of Pesticide Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zhaonong Hu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, PR China
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Choubisa SL, Sheikh Z, Jaroli VJ. Histopathological effects of larval trematodes on the digestive gland of freshwater snail species, Vivipara bengalensis and Lymnaea acuminata. J Parasit Dis 2012; 36:283-6. [PMID: 24082545 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-012-0116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative histopathological effects were observed on the digestive glands (hepatopancreas) of freshwater snail species, Vivipara bengalensis and Lymnaea acuminata infected with single (furcocercous cercariae) and double infection of digenean trematode larvae (gymnocephalous cercariae + metacercariae), respectively. Digestive glands of both the snail species revealed degenerative changes in their digestive gland tubules. The latter became irregular in shape, reduced in size with enlarged lumen and inter-tubular space besides rupturing of digestive tubules. These changes were correlated with the size and types of trematode larvae, single or double infection and degree of parasitemia. Autolytic necrosis of numerous tubules was found in digestive glands infected with double and very severe single infection. None of the tubules was found to be invaded by sporocyst, redia and cercaria. However, metacercariae were seen to invade digestive tubules of Lymnaea species.
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