1
|
Nordberg K, Björk G, Abrahamsson K, Josefsson S, Lundin L. Historic distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAC) in a Skagerrak fjord, Swedish west coast as reflected in a high-resolution sediment record and compared to the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS). Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 199:116014. [PMID: 38183834 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.116014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
We present the historic distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAC) in a Skagerrak fjord, a relatively unexploited area, on the Swedish west coast. PACs encompass various compounds, including PAHs, alkyl-PAHs, nitro-PAHs, and oxy-PAHs. These compounds, have environmental implications due to their harmful properties. Using a high-resolution sediment record, PAC variations including standard PAHs, nitro-PAHs and oxy-PAHs were investigated over the last approximately 170 years, comparing them with other European records. The sediment record reveals a significant increase in PAC levels during the 1940s-1950s, followed by peaks in the 1960s and 1970s, and a subsequent decrease in the 1980s. These trends align with industrial growth and evolving stronger environmental regulations in the region. The highest recorded concentration of PACs (1950-1970) reached levels comparable to present-day polluted urban environments. The study also compared PAH levels with EQS values. Results indicated that PAH levels exceeded EQS standards, potentially posing risks to sediment-dwelling organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Nordberg
- Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Göran Björk
- Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Abrahamsson
- Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sarah Josefsson
- Geological Survey of Sweden, PO Box 670, SE 75128 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Lundin
- Dept. of Chemistry, Umeå Univ., Linneus väg 6, SE 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wint W, Jones P, Kraemer M, Alexander N, Schaffner F. Past, present and future distribution of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti: The European paradox. Sci Total Environ 2022; 847:157566. [PMID: 35907522 PMCID: PMC9514036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The global distribution of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti is the subject of considerable attention because of its pivotal role as a biological vector of several high profile disease pathogens including dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. There is also a lot of interest in the projected future species' distribution. However, less effort has been focused on its historical distribution, which has changed substantially over the past 100 years, especially in southern Europe where it was once widespread, but largely disappeared by the middle of the 20th century. The present work utilises all available historical records of the distribution of Ae. aegypti in southern Europe, the Near East within the Mediterranean Basin and North Africa from the late 19th century until the 1960's to construct a spatial distribution model using matching historical climatic and demographic data. The resulting model was then implemented using current climate and demographic data to assess the potential distribution of the vector in the present. The models were rerun with several different assumptions about the thresholds that determine habitat suitability for Ae. aegypti. The historical model matches the historical distributions well. When it is run with current climate values, the predicted present day distribution is somewhat broader than it used to be particularly in north-west France, North Africa and Turkey. Though it is beginning to reappear in the eastern Caucasus, this 'potential' distribution clearly does not match the actual distribution of the species, which suggests some other factors are responsible for its absence. Future distributions based on the historical model also do not match future distributions derived from models based only on present day vector distributions, which predict little or no presence in the Mediterranean Region. At the same time, the vector is widespread in the USA which is predicted to consolidate its range there in future. This contradiction and the implication for possible re-invasion of Europe are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Wint
- ERGO - Environmental Research Group Oxford, c/o Department Zoology, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter Jones
- Waen Associates, Y Waen, Islaw'r Dref, Dolgellau, Gwynedd LL40 1TS, United Kingdom.
| | - Moritz Kraemer
- University of Oxford, Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building For Pathogen Research, 3 S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom.
| | - Neil Alexander
- ERGO - Environmental Research Group Oxford, c/o Department Zoology, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Francis Schaffner
- Francis Schaffner Consultancy, Lörracherstrasse 50, 4215 Riehen, Switzerland; National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ge M, Liu G, Liu Y, Yuan Z, Liu H. An 87-year sedimentary record of mercury contamination in the Old Yellow River Estuary of China. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 135:47-54. [PMID: 30301061 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A sediment core, spanning from the year 1925 ± 3.03 to 2012, was collected for analyzing historical distribution of mercury (Hg) in the Old Yellow River Estuary (OYRE), China. The Hg concentrations in the sediment core ranged from 14 to 351 ng g-1, with the high values occurred in the middle layers (1960-1996), which may be resulted from intensive human activities during this period, such as oil exploitation and booming of petrochemical industry, salt chemical industry and chlor-alkali plants. A significant positive correlation was found between THg and loss on ignition (LOI). The main fraction of Hg existed in residual part while the fraction that was easy to leach out from sediments accounted for only a small portion according to the results of BCR sequential extraction procedure. Multiple ecological risks indices and guidelines of Hg indicated that the sedimentary record presented an "intermediate state" for Hg contamination in the OYRE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China; University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zijiao Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Houqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng H, Yang D, Hu T, Li Y, Zhu G, Xing X, Qi S. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic carbons (PAHs) in sediment core from Honghu Lake, central China: comparison study of three receptor models. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:25899-25911. [PMID: 28940081 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their source contributions employing receptor models has been widely reported. However, the temporal distribution of PAH source contributions is less studied. Thus, in this paper, three receptor models including principle component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), positive matrix factorization (PMF), and Unmix were used to PAH source apportionment study in a sediment core from Honghu Lake, China. Sixteen USEPA priority PAHs in 37 sliced sediment layers (1-cm interval) were measured, with the concentrations of ∑16PAH (sum of 16 PAHs) ranging from 93.0 to 431 ng g-1. The source apportionment results derived from three receptor models were similar, with three common sources: mixed sources of biomass burning and coal combustion (31.0-41.4% on average), petroleum combustion (31.8-45.5%), and oil leakage (13.1-21.3%). The PMF model segregated an additional source: domestic coal combustion (contributed 20.9% to the ∑16PAHs). Four aspects including intra-comparison, inter-comparison, source numbers and compositions, and source contributions were considered in comparison study. The results indicated that the PMF model was most reasonable in PAH source apportionment research in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huang Zheng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Tianpeng Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Gehao Zhu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinli Xing
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wardhana AH, Cecchi G, Muharsini S, Cameron MM, Ready PD, Hall MJR. Environmental and phylogeographical determinants of the distribution of the Old World screwworm fly in Indonesia. Acta Trop 2014; 138 Suppl:S62-8. [PMID: 24927686 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Old World screwworm (OWS) fly, Chrysomya bezziana, is an obligate parasite of livestock, and the myiasis caused by its larval infestations is economically important in Indonesia. The current spatial distribution of such a pest depends on two main factors: the current environmental conditions in which it can survive; and, its ability to occupy those environments by dispersal, which can be inferred from phylogeography and population genetics. These indicate that all OWS flies in Indonesia have mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) haplotypes of the Asian lineage, and the regional separation of its four sub-lineages is the result of infrequent long-distance dispersal. We report the first investigation to associate regional cyt b sub-lineages of the OWS fly with environmental variables. Principal Components Analysis was used to demonstrate that these sub-lineages are associated with very similar macro-climates throughout Indonesia. Then, a species distribution model for the OWS fly in Indonesia was obtained by using the Maxent program. This indicated that elevation captured information not given by other environmental variables, and cattle density provided the most useful information by itself. The results of our study provide some important leads for future research, which will require better, stratified sampling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Wardhana
- Parasitology Department, Indonesian Research Centre for Veterinary Science (Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner), Bogor, Indonesia; Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - G Cecchi
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Sub-regional Office for Eastern Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - S Muharsini
- Parasitology Department, Indonesian Research Centre for Veterinary Science (Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - M M Cameron
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - P D Ready
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - M J R Hall
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yaakub SM, McKenzie LJ, Erftemeijer PLA, Bouma T, Todd PA. Courage under fire: seagrass persistence adjacent to a highly urbanised city-state. Mar Pollut Bull 2014; 83:417-424. [PMID: 24508045 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to increasing development Southeast Asia's coastlines are undergoing massive changes, but the associated impacts on marine habitats are poorly known. Singapore, a densely populated island city-state, is a quintessential example of coastal modification that has resulted in the (hitherto undocumented) loss of seagrass. We reconstructed the historic extent and diversity of local seagrass meadows through herbarium records and backwards extrapolation from contemporary seagrass locations. We also determined the current status of seagrass meadows using long-term monitoring data and identified the main threats to their presence in Singapore. Results show that, even though ∼45% of seagrass has been lost during the last five decades, species diversity remains stable. The main cause of seagrass loss was, and continues to be, land reclamation. We conclude that strict controls on terrestrial runoff and pollution have made it possible for seagrass to persist adjacent to this highly urbanised city-state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Maryam Yaakub
- Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Blk S3 Level 2, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Blk E1 Engineering Drive 2, #08-25, Singapore 117567, Singapore; Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore
| | - Len J McKenzie
- Centre for Tropical Water & Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, P.O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - Paul L A Erftemeijer
- The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, WA, Australia; Sinclair Knight Merz, P.O. Box H615, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Tjeerd Bouma
- Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Blk E1 Engineering Drive 2, #08-25, Singapore 117567, Singapore; Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Korringaweg 7, 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Todd
- Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Blk S3 Level 2, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Blk E1 Engineering Drive 2, #08-25, Singapore 117567, Singapore; Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|