1
|
Sørdalen TK, Halvorsen KT, Vøllestad LA, Moland E, Olsen EM. Marine protected areas rescue a sexually selected trait in European lobster. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2222-2233. [PMID: 33005220 PMCID: PMC7513721 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly implemented worldwide to maintain and restore depleted populations. However, despite our knowledge on the myriad of positive responses to protection, there are few empirical studies on the ability to conserve species' mating patterns and secondary sexual traits. In male European lobsters (Homarus gammarus), the size of claws relative to body size correlates positively with male mating success and is presumably under sexual selection. At the same time, an intensive trap fishery exerts selection against large claws in males. MPAs could therefore be expected to resolve these conflicting selective pressures and preserve males with large claws. We explored this hypothesis by contrasting claw size of males and females in three pairs of MPAs and nearby fished areas in southern Norway. By finding that male lobsters have up to 8% larger claws inside MPAs compared to similarly sized males in fished areas, our study provides evidence that MPAs rescue a secondary sexual trait. Recovery from harvest selection acting on claws is the most likely explanation; however, the higher abundance of lobster inside MPAs does not rule out a plastic response on claw size due to increased competition. Regardless of the underlying cause, our study demonstrates (a) the value of protected areas as a management tool for mitigating fisheries-induced evolution and (b) that MPAs help maintaining the scope for sexual selection in populations with vulnerable life histories and complex mating system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Knutsen Sørdalen
- Department of Natural Sciences Centre for Coastal Research University of Agder Kristiansand Norway
- Institute of Marine Research Flødevigen Norway
| | | | - Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad
- Department of Biosciences Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Even Moland
- Department of Natural Sciences Centre for Coastal Research University of Agder Kristiansand Norway
- Institute of Marine Research Flødevigen Norway
| | - Esben Moland Olsen
- Department of Natural Sciences Centre for Coastal Research University of Agder Kristiansand Norway
- Institute of Marine Research Flødevigen Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Taormina B, Di Poi C, Agnalt AL, Carlier A, Desroy N, Escobar-Lux RH, D'eu JF, Freytet F, Durif CMF. Impact of magnetic fields generated by AC/DC submarine power cables on the behavior of juvenile European lobster ( Homarus gammarus). Aquat Toxicol 2020; 220:105401. [PMID: 31924586 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The number of submarine power cables using either direct or alternating current is expected to increase drastically in coming decades. Data concerning the impact of magnetic fields generated by these cables on marine invertebrates are scarce. In this context, the aim of this study was to explore the potential impact of anthropogenic static and time-varying magnetic fields on the behavior of recently settled juvenile European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) using two different behavioral assays. Day-light conditions were used to stimulate the sheltering behavior and facilitate the video tracking. We showed that juvenile lobsters did not exhibit any change of behavior when submitted to an artificial magnetic field gradient (maximum intensity of 200 μT) compared to non-exposed lobsters in the ambient magnetic field. Additionally, no influence was noted on either the lobsters' ability to find shelter or modified their exploratory behavior after one week of exposure to anthropogenic magnetic fields (225 ± 5 μT) which remained similar to those observed in control individuals. It appears that static and time-varying anthropogenic magnetic fields, at these intensities, do not significantly impact the behavior of juvenile European lobsters in daylight conditions. Nevertheless, to form a complete picture for this biological model, further studies are needed on the other life stages as they may respond differently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Taormina
- France Energies Marines, 525 avenue Alexis de Rochon, 29280, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, DYNECO - Laboratoire d'écologie benthique côtière, ZI de la Pointe du Diable - CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Carole Di Poi
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Ann-Lisbeth Agnalt
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Antoine Carlier
- Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, DYNECO - Laboratoire d'écologie benthique côtière, ZI de la Pointe du Diable - CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Nicolas Desroy
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Bretagne Nord, 38 rue du Port Blanc, 35801, Dinard, France
| | - Rosa Helena Escobar-Lux
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392, Storebø, Norway
| | - Jean-François D'eu
- Mappem Geophysics, Batiment Tech-Iroise, 1 rue des Ateliers, Zone de Mespaol, 29290, Saint-Renan, France
| | - Florian Freytet
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392, Storebø, Norway
| | - Caroline M F Durif
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392, Storebø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gan HM, Grandjean F, Jenkins TL, Austin CM. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence: Nanopore sequencing and complete assembly of the European lobster ( Homarus gammarus) mitogenome uncovers the missing nad2 and a new major gene cluster duplication. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:335. [PMID: 31053062 PMCID: PMC6500004 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recently published complete mitogenome of the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) that was generated using long-range PCR exhibits unusual gene composition (missing nad2) and gene rearrangements among decapod crustaceans with strong implications in crustacean phylogenetics. Such atypical mitochondrial features will benefit greatly from validation with emerging long read sequencing technologies such as Oxford Nanopore that can more accurately identify structural variation. RESULTS We re-sequenced the H. gammarus mitogenome on an Oxford Nanopore Minion flowcell and performed a long-read only assembly, generating a complete mitogenome assembly for H. gammarus. In contrast to previous reporting, we found an intact mitochondrial nad2 gene in the H. gammarus mitogenome and showed that its gene organization is broadly similar to that of the American lobster (H. americanus) except for the presence of a large tandemly duplicated region with evidence of pseudogenization in one of each duplicated protein-coding genes. CONCLUSIONS Using the European lobster as an example, we demonstrate the value of Oxford Nanopore long read technology in resolving problematic mitogenome assemblies. The increasing accessibility of Oxford Nanopore technology will make it an attractive and useful tool for evolutionary biologists to verify new and existing unusual mitochondrial gene rearrangements recovered using first and second generation sequencing technologies, particularly those used to make phylogenetic inferences of evolutionary scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Ming Gan
- Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Frederic Grandjean
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267 Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose 5 rue Albert Turpin, 86073 Poitiers, Cedex, France
| | - Tom L. Jenkins
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Christopher Mervyn Austin
- Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nillos Kleiven PJ, Espeland SH, Olsen EM, Abesamis RA, Moland E, Kleiven AR. Fishing pressure impacts the abundance gradient of European lobsters across the borders of a newly established marine protected area. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182455. [PMID: 30963876 PMCID: PMC6367164 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are considered viable fisheries management tools due to their potential benefits of adult spillover and recruitment subsidy to nearby fisheries. However, before-after control-impact studies that explore the biological and fishery effects of MPAs to surrounding fisheries are scarce. We present results from a fine-scale spatial gradient study conducted before and after the implementation of a 5 km2 lobster MPA in southern Norway. A significant nonlinear response in lobster abundance, estimated as catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) from experimental fishing, was detected within 2 years of protection. After 4 years, CPUE values inside the MPA had increased by a magnitude of 2.6 compared to before-protection values. CPUE showed a significant nonlinear decline from the centre of the MPA, with a depression immediately outside the border and a plateau in fished areas. Overall fishing pressure almost doubled over the course of the study. The highest increase in fishing pressure (by a magnitude of 3) was recorded within 1 km of the MPA border, providing a plausible cause for the depression in CPUE. Taken together, these results demonstrate the need to regulate fishing pressure in surrounding areas when MPAs are implemented as fishery management tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Portia Joy Nillos Kleiven
- Institute of Marine Research, Nye Flødevigveien 20, 4817 His, Norway
- Center for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Agder, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sigurd Heiberg Espeland
- Institute of Marine Research, Nye Flødevigveien 20, 4817 His, Norway
- Center for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Agder, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Esben Moland Olsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Nye Flødevigveien 20, 4817 His, Norway
- Center for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Agder, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Rene A. Abesamis
- Silliman University-Angelo King Center for Research and Environmental Management, Bantayan, Dumaguete City 6200, Philippines
| | - Even Moland
- Institute of Marine Research, Nye Flødevigveien 20, 4817 His, Norway
- Center for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Agder, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Alf Ring Kleiven
- Institute of Marine Research, Nye Flødevigveien 20, 4817 His, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sørdalen TK, Halvorsen KT, Harrison HB, Ellis CD, Vøllestad LA, Knutsen H, Moland E, Olsen EM. Harvesting changes mating behaviour in European lobster. Evol Appl 2018; 11:963-977. [PMID: 29928303 PMCID: PMC5999211 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Removing individuals from a wild population can affect the availability of prospective mates and the outcome of competitive interactions, with subsequent effects on mating patterns and sexual selection. Consequently, the rate of harvest-induced evolution is predicted to be strongly dependent on the strength and dynamics of sexual selection, yet there is limited empirical knowledge on the interplay between selective harvesting and the mating systems of exploited species. In this study, we used genetic parentage assignment to compare mating patterns of the highly valued and overexploited European lobster (Homarus gammarus) in a designated lobster reserve and nearby fished area in southern Norway. In the area open to fishing, the fishery is regulated by a closed season, a minimum legal size and a ban on the harvest of egg-bearing females. Due to the differences in size and sex-specific fishing mortality between the two areas, males and females are of approximately equal average size in the fished area, whereas males tend to be larger in the reserve. Our results show that females would mate with males larger than their own body size, but the relative size difference was significantly larger in the reserve. Sexual selection acted positively on both body size and claw size in males in the reserve, while it was nonsignificant in fished areas. This strongly suggests that size truncation of males by fishing reduces the variability of traits that sexual selection acts upon. If fisheries continue to target large individuals (particularly males) with higher relative reproductive success, the weakening of sexual selection will likely accelerate fisheries-induced evolution towards smaller body size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonje K. Sørdalen
- Department of BiologyCentre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Natural SciencesCentre for Coastal Research (CCR)University of AgderKristiansandNorway
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
| | | | - Hugo B. Harrison
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
| | | | - Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad
- Department of BiologyCentre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Halvor Knutsen
- Department of Natural SciencesCentre for Coastal Research (CCR)University of AgderKristiansandNorway
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
| | - Even Moland
- Department of Natural SciencesCentre for Coastal Research (CCR)University of AgderKristiansandNorway
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
| | - Esben M. Olsen
- Department of Natural SciencesCentre for Coastal Research (CCR)University of AgderKristiansandNorway
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Holt C, Foster R, Daniels CL, van der Giezen M, Feist SW, Stentiford GD, Bass D. Halioticida noduliformans infection in eggs of lobster ( Homarus gammarus) reveals its generalist parasitic strategy in marine invertebrates. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 154:109-116. [PMID: 29555081 PMCID: PMC5992330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A parasite exhibiting Oomycete-like morphology and pathogenesis was isolated from discoloured eggs of the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) and later found in gill tissues of adults. Group-specific Oomycete primers were designed to amplify the 18S ribosomal small subunit (SSU), which initially identified the organism as the same as the 'Haliphthoros' sp. NJM 0034 strain (AB178865.1) previously isolated from abalone (imported from South Australia to Japan). However, in accordance with other published SSU-based phylogenies, the NJM 0034 isolate did not group with other known Haliphthoros species in our Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies. Instead, the strain formed an orphan lineage, diverging before the separation of the Saprolegniales and Pythiales. Based upon 28S large subunit (LSU) phylogeny, our own isolate and the previously unidentified 0034 strain are both identical to the abalone pathogen Halioticida noduliformans. The genus shares morphological similarities with Haliphthoros and Halocrusticida and forms a clade with these in LSU phylogenies. Here, we confirm the first recorded occurrence of H. noduliformans in European lobsters and associate its presence with pathology of the egg mass, likely leading to reduced fecundity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey Holt
- Pathology and Microbial Systematics, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom; The National Lobster Hatchery, South Quay, Padstow PL28 9BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Rachel Foster
- The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, Kensington, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| | - Carly L Daniels
- The National Lobster Hatchery, South Quay, Padstow PL28 9BL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark van der Giezen
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Feist
- Pathology and Microbial Systematics, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- Pathology and Microbial Systematics, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - David Bass
- Pathology and Microbial Systematics, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, Kensington, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|