1
|
Chen PH, Chung AC, Lin HC, Yang SZ. Climbing strategies of Taiwan climbers. Bot Stud 2023; 64:26. [PMID: 37736799 PMCID: PMC10516820 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The climbing strategies of lianas and herbaceous vines influence climber competition abilities and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the climbing strategies of each plant species and observe their organs of origin. RESULTS The results showed that all Taiwan climbers were approximately 555 species, accounting for 11% of the native flora. Among the 555 climbers, the twining stem type was the most common, with a total of 255 species (46%), the remaining climbing methods accounted for 300 species. Approximately twenty one climbing methods, including nine combination types, were exhibited, of which the most common type was the twining stem, followed by simple scrambling and twining tendrils. Most species of Fabaceae and Apocynaceae were twining stems in dextrorse, excluding Wisteriopsis reticulata and Alyxia taiwanensis, which were in sinistrorse. The prehensile branch of Fissistigma genus, Ventilago genus, and Dalbergia benthamii, originated from second-order or modified stems. In the simple scrambling type, some climbers were covered spines and prickles to attach the host, and the others were clinging to the supports or creeping on the ground without speculation. The hooks or grapnels of the genus Uncaria are derived from the branches, and a pair of curved hooks or a spine of Artabotrys hexapetalus are originated from the inflorescence to tightly attach to a host. The Piper genus use adhesive roots to climb their hosts. Among the genus Trichosanthes, only Trichosanthes homophylla exhibits a combination of twining modified shoots and adhesive roots. Gentianales includes four families with seven climbing mechanisms, while Fabales includes only Fabaceae, which presents six climbing methods. CONCLUSIONS The twining tendrils had nine organs of origin in Taiwan climber, that these opinions of originated organs might be available to the studies of convergent evolution. The data presented herein provide crucial basic information of the climber habits types and origin structures, which are available for terms standardization to improve field investigation. The terminologies would aid in the establishment of climber habits as commonly taxon-specific and the combination of two climber habits could be a characteristic of taxonomic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hao Chen
- Liouguei Research Center, Taiwan Forest Research Institute, Liouguei District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, 91201, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - An-Ching Chung
- Liouguei Research Center, Taiwan Forest Research Institute, Liouguei District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, 91201, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Lin
- Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forest Research Institute, No. 53, Nanhai Rd., 100051, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Zehn Yang
- Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, 91201, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dhami A, Dhami N, Dhami GS. A novel Y-shaper and chopper for small pupil management in cataract surgery: The initial experience. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:1023-1024. [PMID: 36872732 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2084_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small pupil is a well-known risk factor for causing cataract surgery complications such as vitreous loss, anterior capsular tear, increased inflammation, and an irregular pupil shape. Because all currently available pharmacological approaches of dilating the pupil before or during cataract surgery cannot guarantee the result, the surgeon sometimes resorts to the use of mechanical pupil-expanding devices. However, these devices can increase the overall surgical cost and operative time. Very frequently, a combination of the two is needed; thus, we present the Y-shaped chopper designed by the authors, which serves the purpose of managing the intra-operative miosis and allows simultaneous nuclear emulsification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Dhami
- Vitreo-Retina, Dhami Eye Care Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Nimratabajaj Dhami
- Cataract, Refractive and Cornea, Dhami Eye Care Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Gobinder S Dhami
- Medical Director, Dhami Eye Care Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan SWH, Goh GS, Jiang L, Soh RCC. Do the benefits of hook-hybrid construct justify their use over all-pedicle screws constructs in maintaining postoperative curve correction for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients from an Asian population? Spine Deform 2022; 10:865-871. [PMID: 35258845 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-022-00493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE (1) Compare outcomes of all-pedicle screws (PS) and hook-hybrid (H) constructs in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients; and (2) investigate whether BMI, height or pedicle size may modify the effect of the type of surgical construct on the extent of curve decompensation. METHODS AIS patients who underwent surgical fixation with H or PS constructs at a single tertiary institution were reviewed. Patients with implant density of at least 70% and 2-year follow-up were included. Demographic and perioperative data collected were age, sex, height, BMI, implant density and pedicle diameter. Cobb's angles and curve correction were compared preoperatively, postoperatively and at follow-up. RESULTS In total, 59 patients were included. H group had a lower pedicle size at the highest level of construct and at T4 compared to PS group. Postoperatively, H group (30.2° ± 11.7°) and PS group (32.1° ± 10.4°) had similar correction (mean diff. 2.0°, p = 0.516). At 2-year follow-up, H group (1.6° ± 3.5°) and PS group (0.1° ± 2.8°) had similar curve deterioration (mean diff. 1.5°, p = 0.079). Uni- and multivariate analyses revealed that BMI and height were not associated with curve deterioration at 2-year follow-up among the H and PS groups. CONCLUSION H constructs provided similar maintenance of curve correction at 2-year follow-up compared to PS constructs. BMI and Stature did not modify curve deterioration between both groups at follow-up. This study supports the use of H constructs when faced with difficult pedicle morphology associated with shorter stature as it provides comparable and satisfactory long-term maintenance of curve correction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Wei Han Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169865, Singapore.
| | - Graham S Goh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169865, Singapore
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169865, Singapore
| | - Reuben Chee Cheong Soh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169865, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cinnella P, Amico S, Rava A, Cravino M, Gargiulo G, Girardo M. Surgical treatment of scoliosis in neurofibromatosis type I: A retrospective study on posterior-only correction with third-generation instrumentation. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2020; 11:104-110. [PMID: 32904980 PMCID: PMC7462135 DOI: 10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_50_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Scoliosis is the most common orthopedic complication of neurofibromatosis type I. Scoliosis can be occurred with two patterns: dystrophic or idiopathic-like. In adolescence, in consideration of bone dystrophy, osteopenia, and often associated hyperkyphosis, most of the authors recommend an anterior-posterior approach. According to other authors, modern instrumentations could be sufficient to sustain a solid posterior arthrodesis. Materials and Methods: Ten patients were diagnosed with scoliosis in neurofibromatosis type I aged between 8 and 25 years, Cobb angle of the thoracic curve >45°, and minimum follow-up (FU) of 1 year and treated with posterior-only approach with third-generation high-density instrumentations. Radiographic measurements were performed on the coronal and sagittal planes. Nonparametric tests (Friedman test and Wilcoxon test) were applied to evaluate the reducibility of the preoperative curve (T0), the postoperative surgical correction (T1), and its maintenance on FU. Results: Statistics showed results compared to those evaluated in the literature with a combined approach regarding surgical correction and its maintenance on FU. On T1, a median correction of 53.5% of the scoliotic curve and of 33.7% of the thoracic hyperkyphosis was observed. On FU, the correction was maintained. A global improvement in balance was appreciated. The curves, despite rigid, showed a relative reducibility to bending tests and traction. No significant complications occurred. Conclusions: The posterior-only approach produces a satisfactory correction of the dystrophic neurofibromatosis scoliosis if associated with the use of high-density third-generation instrumentations. We are confident in recommending posterior-only approach in dystrophic neurofibromatosis scoliosis with coronal curves till 110° and coexisting thoracic kyphosis till 80°
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cinnella
- Spine Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Amico
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rava
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mattia Cravino
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic, Regina Margherita Pediatric Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giosuè Gargiulo
- Spine Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Girardo
- Spine Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cinnella P, Rava A, Mahagna AA, Fusini F, Masse A, Girardo M. Over 70° thoracic idiopathic scoliosis: Results with screws or hybrid constructs. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2019; 10:108-113. [PMID: 31404131 PMCID: PMC6652256 DOI: 10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_39_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis. High degrees curve can be treated with the anterior, posterior, or combined anterior–posterior approach. Contrarily to the anterior approach, the posterior one is widely used nowadays for its good correction outcomes and relatively low-complication rate. Materials and Methods: We evaluated retrospectively 27 patients, treated with posterior approach. Patients were divided into two groups, namely pedicle screws group (PSG) and hybrid group (pedicle screws + sublaminar bands). Radiographic measurements, including thoracic and lumbar Cobb° measurements of primary and secondary curves, coronal balance and sagittal balance, kyphosis and lordosis, curve flexibility, first and last vertebra included in the arthrodesis, and implant density were evaluated. Clinical patients' satisfaction was also evaluated with Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) 24 questionnaire. Results: Considering both groups, on preoperative X-rays, the average primary scoliotic curve angle was 83.56° ± 10.96° (range 70°–112°), whereas the global flexibility was 64° ± 7.63 (range 46°–72°). The curves were classified following the Lenke classification: 17 Type 1, 2 Type 2, and 8 Type 3. The primary curve resulted to be well corrected in both groups. In T0, the groups were homogeneous, but in T1 and follow-up, PSG stated a better mean value. No other significative differences can be found between groups for all other items (P > 0.05). Clinical results of SRS 24 were excellent in both groups. Conclusions: The posterior approach proved to be an excellent technique for obtaining good clinical and radiographic results if the surgeon adopts the third-generation high-density implants. Level of Evidence: III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cinnella
- Spine Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rava
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Abed Mahagna
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Foundation, S. Matteo Hospital Institute, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Fusini
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Masse
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Girardo
- Spine Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Palmisani M, Dema E, Rava A, Palmisani R, Girardo M, Cervellati S. Surgical treatment of spinal deformities in Marfan syndrome: Long-term follow-up results using different instrumentations. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2019; 10:172-178. [PMID: 31772430 PMCID: PMC6868540 DOI: 10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_68_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Scoliosis is the most frequent spinal deformity related to Marfan syndrome (MFS). Treatment with a brace is often ineffective, and surgical treatment is very challenging; many instrumentations were used along the years. Our retrospective study has the purpose of identifying the reliability of different devices in three-dimensional correction of the spine deformities in MFS. Materials and Methods: We reviewed retrospectively the records of patients surgically treated, in a single institution between 1999 and 2016, for spinal deformities in MFS. X-rays were reviewed for analyzing the magnitude of the curves in preoperative time (T0), the amount of correction in the immediate after surgery period (T1), and it's stability at follow-up (FU) (T2). The clinical outcomes were also evaluated with the Scoliosis Research Society 24. Results: A total of 21 patients with a mean age at surgery of 16 years met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four different construct types were identified: hooks with sublaminar wires (G1), hooks and pedicle screws (G2), pedicle screws (G3), and pedicle screws with sublaminar wires (G4). The mean FU time was 8 years. The average major scoliosis curve had a mean value of 63.48° at T0 and was corrected to 28.81° at T2. Furthermore, minor curve, thoracic lordosis, and lumbar kyphosis (when associated to scoliosis) were also corrected. Student t-test showed significative differences (P < 0.05) for all curves between T0–T1 and T0–T2 while between T1 and T2, no differences were found. We also evaluated separately the results of each instrumentation, and G3 obtained the best performances. Conclusions: Our results shows that screws may guarantee a better correction of the deformities. Level of Evidence: III
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Palmisani
- Scoliosis and Spinal Surgery Centre, Hesperia Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Eugenio Dema
- Scoliosis and Spinal Surgery Centre, Hesperia Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rava
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino and Università Politecnica delle Marche, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Palmisani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino and Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Girardo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, Spine Surgery Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino and Università Politecnica delle Marche, Turin, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Caracappa S, Persichetti MF, Piazza A, Caracappa G, Gentile A, Marineo S, Crucitti D, Arculeo M. Incidental catch of loggerhead sea turtles ( Caretta caretta) along the Sicilian coasts by longline fishery. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5392. [PMID: 30123712 PMCID: PMC6086082 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been estimated that 44,000 Caretta caretta turtles die every year due to anthropomorphic activity in the Mediterranean Sea, and that longline fishing is one of the most significant causes of mortality. A total of 482 specimens of C. caretta were rescued from different parts of the Sicilian coast (Mediterranean Sea) from 2014 to 2016. The most numerous stranding was recorded during the spring and summer seasons, mainly along the north and eastern coasts of Sicily. The curved carapace length for all the specimens ranged from between 19 and 95 cm and most of these were young or sub adults. The highest number of strandings was recorded in 2014 and 2015, with 206 and 169 individuals, respectively. A total of 66 live specimens out of 239 were successfully rehabilitated and released after surgery or drug therapy; fishing hooks were found in 129 specimens in different parts of the digestive tract with greater frequency in the oesophagus (47.3%) followed by the gut (24.8%), stomach (14.7%), and mouth (13.2%). This paper will highlight the incidence of the incidental catch by longline fishing of C. caretta along the Sicilian coasts and also relate the size of ingested hooks to the size of examined specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santo Caracappa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Piazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Caracappa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Gentile
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sandra Marineo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Crucitti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Arculeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Burris JN, Lenaghan SC, Stewart CN. Climbing plants: attachment adaptations and bioinspired innovations. Plant Cell Rep 2018; 37:565-574. [PMID: 29188422 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Climbing plants have unique adaptations to enable them to compete for sunlight, for which they invest minimal resources for vertical growth. Indeed, their stems bear relatively little weight, as they traverse their host substrates skyward. Climbers possess high tensile strength and flexibility, which allows them to utilize natural and manmade structures for support and growth. The climbing strategies of plants have intrigued scientists for centuries, yet our understanding about biochemical adaptations and their molecular undergirding is still in the early stages of research. Nonetheless, recent discoveries are promising, not only from a basic knowledge perspective, but also for bioinspired product development. Several adaptations, including nanoparticle and adhesive production will be reviewed, as well as practical translation of these adaptations to commercial applications. We will review the botanical literature on the modes of adaptation to climb, as well as specialized organs-and cellular innovations. Finally, recent molecular and biochemical data will be reviewed to assess the future needs and new directions for potential practical products that may be bioinspired by climbing plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason N Burris
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996-4561, USA
| | - Scott C Lenaghan
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996-4561, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mac-Thiong JM, Ibrahim S, Parent S, Labelle H. Defining the number and type of fixation anchors for optimal main curve correction in posterior surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine J 2017; 17:663-70. [PMID: 27867081 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT The number and type of fixation anchors to use during posterior surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is still debated, and the relationship with curve correction remains unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the number and type of fixation anchors associated with optimal curve correction following posterior surgery for AIS. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study of the relationship between fixation anchors and main curve correction in AIS surgery was carried out. PATIENT SAMPLE A cohort of 137 AIS patients operated from a posterior-only approach using hooks and pedicle screws comprised the study sample. OUTCOME MEASURES Correction of the main scoliotic curve was the outcome measure. METHODS Implant density (ID) was defined as the number of fixation anchors divided by the number of available anchor sites within the main curve. Pedicle screw ratio (PSR) was defined as the number of pedicle screws divided by the total number of fixation anchors within the main curve. Multiple linear regressions were performed to analyze the influence of ID and PSR on main curve correction, while taking into account age, gender, curve type, preoperative main Cobb angle, main curve reducibility, number of fused levels, and number of levels within the main curve. RESULTS Main coronal curve correction was significantly related only to ID for all patients and for the subgroup of patients with a main thoracic curve. Constructs with an ID ≥70% and <90% provided a correction similar to that obtained with an ID ≥90%. However, main coronal curve correction was inferior for constructs with an ID <70%, when compared with constructs with ID ≥90%. Implant density and PSR were not related to the change in thoracic kyphosis in the multiple linear regressions. CONCLUSIONS Implant density is an important predictor of main coronal curve correction in posterior surgery for AIS. Increasing the number of fixation anchors within the main curve-rather than favoring screws over hooks-can lead to better correction in the coronal plane. However, after reaching an ID of ≥70% in the main curve, adding fixation anchors is not likely to result in significantly greater correction of the main curve in the coronal plane.
Collapse
|