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Kim D, Lee SH, Lee H, Kim SJ, Lee KH, Song SK. Analyses of the gene structure and function of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) interleukin 12 (IL-12). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 92:151-164. [PMID: 31108176 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
IL-12 is an important cytokine that connects the innate and adaptive immune systems. The complete gene structure of olive flounder IL-12 and its characteristics have not yet been formally reported. Here, we report the complete sequences of both subunits of olive flounder IL-12 (IL-12p35 and IL-12p40). In addition, its function was analyzed by generating the single-chain rIL-12 of which subunits were fused by a GS linker and the rIL-12-specific mouse antibody. The cDNA sequences of IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 were 1059 nucleotides and 1319 nucleotides, respectively. The analyses of their gene structures, deduced amino acid sequences, protein model structures, and phylogenetic trees confirmed the accurate identification of olive flounder IL-12. The protein structure model suggested that an inter-subunit disulfide bond might be formed between the Cys177 of p35 and Cys74 of p40 to link the subunits. Olive flounder expressed IL-12p40 at higher levels than IL-12p35 in the various tissues under natural conditions although both expression levels were low. However, when infected by Edwardsiella tarda or stimulated by LPS, the flounder expressed both of the subunit genes at similar maximized levels in 6 h and gradually reduced thereafter. Olive flounder PBMC induced with the rIL-12 increased IFN-γ and TNF-α expression but decreased IL-10 expression as did treatment with LPS. However, when the LPS-treated PBMC were neutralized with the rIL-12-specific antibody, the pattern of cytokine expression was precisely reversed. In conclusion, we have formally identified the gene structure and function of olive flounder IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Soon Ho Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Hayoung Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jung Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Kwan Hee Lee
- Immunus (Co. Ltd.) Nehemiah hall Rm. 301, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Song
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea.
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Espígol-Frigolé G, Planas-Rigol E, Lozano E, Corbera-Bellalta M, Terrades-García N, Prieto-González S, García-Martínez A, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Grau JM, Cid MC. Expression and Function of IL12/23 Related Cytokine Subunits (p35, p40, and p19) in Giant-Cell Arteritis Lesions: Contribution of p40 to Th1- and Th17-Mediated Inflammatory Pathways. Front Immunol 2018; 9:809. [PMID: 29731755 PMCID: PMC5920281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Giant-cell arteritis (GCA) is considered a T helper (Th)1- and Th17-mediated disease. Interleukin (IL)-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine (p35/p40) involved in Th1 differentiation. When combining with p19 subunit, p40 compose IL-23, a powerful pro-inflammatory cytokine that maintains Th17 response. Objectives The aims of this study were to investigate p40, p35, and p19 subunit expression in GCA lesions and their combinations to conform different cytokines, to assess the effect of glucocorticoid treatment on subunit expression, and to explore functional roles of p40 by culturing temporal artery sections with a neutralizing anti-human IL-12/IL-23p40 antibody. Methods and results p40 and p19 mRNA concentrations measured by real-time RT-PCR were significantly higher in temporal arteries from 50 patients compared to 20 controls (4.35 ± 4.06 vs 0.51 ± 0.75; p < 0.0001 and 20.32 ± 21.78 vs 4.17 ± 4.43 relative units; p < 0.0001, respectively). No differences were found in constitutively expressed p35 mRNA. Contrarily, p40 and p19 mRNAs were decreased in temporal arteries from 16 treated GCA patients vs those from 34 treatment-naïve GCA patients. Accordingly, dexamethasone reduced p40 and p19 expression in cultured arteries. Subunit associations to conform IL-12 and IL-23 were confirmed by proximity-ligation assay in GCA lesions. Immunofluorescence revealed widespread p19 and p35 expression by inflammatory cells, independent from p40. Blocking IL-12/IL-23p40 tended to reduce IFNγ and IL-17 mRNA production by cultured GCA arteries and tended to increase Th17 inducers IL-1β and IL-6. Conclusion IL-12 and IL-23 heterodimers are increased in GCA lesions and decrease with glucocorticoid treatment. p19 and p35 subunits are much more abundant than p40, indicating an independent role for these subunits or their potential association with alternative subunits. The modest effect of IL-12/IL-23p40 neutralization may indicate compensation by redundant cytokines or cytokines resulting from alternative combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Espígol-Frigolé
- Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Clinical Institute of Medicine and Dermatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS-CRB CELLEX), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Planas-Rigol
- Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Clinical Institute of Medicine and Dermatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS-CRB CELLEX), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Lozano
- Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Clinical Institute of Medicine and Dermatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS-CRB CELLEX), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Corbera-Bellalta
- Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Clinical Institute of Medicine and Dermatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS-CRB CELLEX), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nekane Terrades-García
- Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Clinical Institute of Medicine and Dermatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS-CRB CELLEX), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Prieto-González
- Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Clinical Institute of Medicine and Dermatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS-CRB CELLEX), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana García-Martínez
- Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Hernández-Rodríguez
- Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Clinical Institute of Medicine and Dermatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS-CRB CELLEX), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Grau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria C Cid
- Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Clinical Institute of Medicine and Dermatology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS-CRB CELLEX), Barcelona, Spain
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Choi JK, Dambuza IM, He C, Yu CR, Uche AN, Mattapallil MJ, Caspi RR, Egwuagu CE. IL-12p35 Inhibits Neuroinflammation and Ameliorates Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1258. [PMID: 29051763 PMCID: PMC5633738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease in which cytokines produced by immune cells that infiltrate the brain and spinal cord play a central role. We show here that the IL-12p35, the alpha subunit of IL-12 or IL-35 cytokine, might be an effective biologic for suppressing neuroinflammatory responses and ameliorating the pathology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the mouse model of human MS. We further show that IL-12p35 conferred protection from neuropathy by inhibiting the expansion of pathogenic Th17 and Th1 cells and inhibiting trafficking of inflammatory cells into the brain and spinal cord. In addition, in vitro exposure of encephalitogenic cells to IL-12p35 suppressed their capacity to induce EAE by adoptive transfer. Importantly, the IL-12p35-mediated expansion of Treg and Breg cells and its amelioration of EAE correlated with inhibition of cytokine-induced activation of STAT1/STAT3 pathways. Moreover, IL-12p35 inhibited lymphocyte proliferation by suppressing the expressions of cell-cycle regulatory proteins. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-12p35 can be exploited as a novel biologic for treating central nervous system autoimmune diseases and offers the promise of ex vivo production of large amounts of Tregs and Bregs for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyeong Choi
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ivy M Dambuza
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chang He
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Rong Yu
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anita N Uche
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mary J Mattapallil
- Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Charles E Egwuagu
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Zeng JC, Zhang Z, Li TY, Liang YF, Wang HM, Bao JJ, Zhang JA, Wang WD, Xiang WY, Kong B, Wang ZY, Wu BH, Chen XD, He L, Zhang S, Wang CY, Xu JF. Assessing the role of IL-35 in colorectal cancer progression and prognosis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013; 6:1806-1816. [PMID: 24040445 PMCID: PMC3759487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent realization of Interleukin (IL)-35 in tumorigenesis, its exact impact on colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and prognosis, however, is yet to be elucidated clearly. We thus in the present report conducted comparative analysis of IL-35 levels between CRC patients and matched control subjects. IL-35 is highly expressed in all CRC tissues, which can be detected in vast majority of colorectal cancer cells. IL-35 levels in CRC lysates and serum samples are highly correlated to the severity of malignancy and the clinical stage of tumor. Particularly, a significant reduction for serum IL-35 was noted in patients after surgical resection, indicating that IL-35 promotes CRC progression associated with poor prognosis. Mechanistic study demonstrated a significant correlation between serum IL-35 levels and the number of peripheral regulatory T (Treg) cells in CRC patients, suggesting that IL-35 implicates in CRC pathogenesis probably by inducing Treg cells, while cancer cell-derived IL-35 may also recruit Treg cells into the tumor microenvironment in favor of tumor growth. Together, our data support that IL-35 could be a valuable biomarker for assessing CRC progression and prognosis in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cheng Zeng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeDongguan, China, 523808
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular DiagnosticsDongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical CollegeZhangjiang 523001, China
| | - Tian-Yu Li
- Department of Surgery, Second Clinical Medical School of Guangdong Medical CollegeDongguan 523808, China
| | - Yan-Fang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Taiping people’s Hospital of DongguanDongguan 523905, China
| | - Hong-Mei Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeDongguan, China, 523808
| | - Jing-Jing Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular DiagnosticsDongguan 523808, China
| | - Jun-Ai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular DiagnosticsDongguan 523808, China
| | - Wan-Dang Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeDongguan, China, 523808
| | - Wen-Yu Xiang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeDongguan, China, 523808
| | - Bin Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular DiagnosticsDongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeDongguan, China, 523808
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular DiagnosticsDongguan 523808, China
| | - Bin-Hua Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular DiagnosticsDongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical CollegeZhangjiang 523001, China
| | - Long He
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave. Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave. Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeDongguan, China, 523808
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular DiagnosticsDongguan 523808, China
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave. Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeDongguan, China, 523808
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular DiagnosticsDongguan 523808, China
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