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Jiang M, Tong C, Li Z, Cai H, Zhang C, Shi Y, Chen H, Tong Y. 3D multi-robot olfaction in naturally ventilated indoor environments: Locating a time-varying source at unknown heights. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171939. [PMID: 38527543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Source localization is significant for mitigating indoor air pollution and safeguarding the well-being and safety of occupants. While most study focuses on mechanical ventilation and static sources, this study explores the less-explored domain of locating time-varying sources in naturally ventilated spaces. We have developed an innovative 3D localization system that adjusts to varying heights, significantly enhancing capabilities beyond traditional fixed-height 2D systems. To ensure consistency in experimental conditions, we conducted comparative analyses of 2D and 3D methods, using a swinging fan to simulate natural ventilation. Our findings reveal a substantial disparity in performance: the 2D method had a success rate below 46.7% in cases of height mismatches, while our 3D methods consistently achieved success rates above 66.7%, demonstrating their superior effectiveness in complex environments. Furthermore, we validated the 3D strategies in real naturally ventilated settings, confirming their wider applicability. This research extends the scope of indoor source localization and offers valuable insights and strategies for more effective pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Jiang
- Department of HVAC, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chengxin Tong
- Department of HVAC, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Li
- Department of HVAC, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of HVAC, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Canxin Zhang
- The First Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Equipment Design, Nanjing Yangtze River Urban Architectural Design CO., LTD., Nanjing 210012, PR China
| | - Yue Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Environment and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Training Base of Army Engineering University, Xuzhou 221004, PR China
| | - Yan Tong
- Department of HVAC, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Horne J, Dunne N, Singh N, Safiuddin M, Esmaeili N, Erenler M, Ho I, Luk E. Building parameters linked with indoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Environ Res 2023; 238:117156. [PMID: 37717799 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emphasized the importance of understanding and adapting to the indoor remediation of transmissible diseases to decrease the risk for future pandemic threats. While there were many precautions in place to hinder the spread of COVID-19, there has also been a substantial increase of new research on SARS-CoV-2 that can be utilized to further mitigate the transmission risk of this novel virus. This review paper aims to identify the building parameters of indoor spaces that could have considerable influence on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The following building parameters have been identified and analyzed, emphasizing their link with the indoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2: temperature and relative humidity, temperature differences between rooms, ventilation rate and access to natural ventilation, occupant density, surface type and finish, airflow direction and speed, air stability, indoor air pollution, central air conditioning systems, capacity of air handling system and HVAC filter efficiency, edge sealing of air filters, room layout and interior design, and compartmentalization of interior space. This paper also explains the interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with indoor environments and its persistence. Furthermore, the modifications of the key building parameters have been discussed for controlling the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor spaces. Understanding the information provided in this paper is crucial to develop effective health and safety measures that will aid in infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Horne
- Centre for Construction and Engineering Technologies, George Brown College, Casa Loma Campus, 160 Kendal Avenue, Toronto, ON M5R 1M3, Canada
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- Centre for Construction and Engineering Technologies, George Brown College, Casa Loma Campus, 160 Kendal Avenue, Toronto, ON M5R 1M3, Canada
| | - Nirmala Singh
- Centre for Construction and Engineering Technologies, George Brown College, Casa Loma Campus, 160 Kendal Avenue, Toronto, ON M5R 1M3, Canada
| | - Md Safiuddin
- Centre for Construction and Engineering Technologies, George Brown College, Casa Loma Campus, 160 Kendal Avenue, Toronto, ON M5R 1M3, Canada.
| | - Navid Esmaeili
- Centre for Construction and Engineering Technologies, George Brown College, Casa Loma Campus, 160 Kendal Avenue, Toronto, ON M5R 1M3, Canada
| | - Merve Erenler
- Centre for Construction and Engineering Technologies, George Brown College, Casa Loma Campus, 160 Kendal Avenue, Toronto, ON M5R 1M3, Canada
| | - Ian Ho
- Sysconverge Inc., 7030 Woodbine Avenue, Suite 500, Markham, ON L3R 6G2, Canada
| | - Edwin Luk
- Sysconverge Inc., 7030 Woodbine Avenue, Suite 500, Markham, ON L3R 6G2, Canada
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Lasco G, Tan ML, Yu VG. 'Loob' and 'labas': Spatial constructions of safety and risk amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. Health Place 2023; 79:102929. [PMID: 36542918 PMCID: PMC9676171 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article argues that local constructions of risky and safe spaces, as articulated by the notions 'loob' (inside) and 'labas' (outside), informed popular and political responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, leading to an overemphasis on staying at home and, conversely, a general avoidance or fear of outdoor spaces that was at times reinforced by public health authorities. Practices and policies related to the pandemic response rendered this binary opposition between 'loob' and 'labas' visible, from regulations concerning the use of personal protective equipment to restrictions of access to outdoor spaces. While this emergent form of bodily proxemics was contested and negotiated over time, its tenacity throughout the pandemic underscores the importance of understanding how people spatialize risk in times of health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Lasco
- Department of Anthropology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Philippines,Development Studies Program, Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines
| | - Michael L. Tan
- Department of Anthropology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Philippines
| | - Vincen Gregory Yu
- Development Studies Program, Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines; Social Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines.
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Nagorka R, Gleue C, Scheller C, Moriske HJ, Straff W. Isothiazolone emissions from building products. Indoor Air 2015; 25:68-78. [PMID: 24810042 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Adding biocides to dispersion products is a well-known practice to control microbial deterioration. Isothiazolones are among the most commonly used preservatives, in particular a mixture of 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) and 5-chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (CIT). In recent years, for health reasons, due to its strong sensitizing effect, CIT has been replaced by 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one (BIT). Furthermore, numerous products are now available for interiors containing the fungicidal active substance 2-octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (OIT). So far nearly nothing is known of the emission behavior of BIT and OIT. An analytical method was developed for these two isothiazolones and interior products containing BIT respectively OIT have been investigated in an emission chamber and in test rooms. The chamber tests revealed maximum concentrations of 6.7 μg OIT/m3, 1.9 μg BIT/m3, and 187 μg MIT/m3. Concentrations obtained in the test rooms were at levels up to 1.4 μg OIT/m3 and 29 μg MIT/m3. A noticeable finding was the very slight subsidence of OIT and BIT levels over several weeks. While MIT outgassed quickly, OIT in particular showed low concentrations, but prolonged evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nagorka
- Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
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