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Fettucciari K, Marguerie F, Fruganti A, Marchegiani A, Spaterna A, Brancorsini S, Marconi P, Bassotti G. Clostridioides difficile toxin B alone and with pro-inflammatory cytokines induces apoptosis in enteric glial cells by activating three different signalling pathways mediated by caspases, calpains and cathepsin B. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:442. [PMID: 35864342 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) causes nosocomial/antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal diseases with dramatically increasing global incidence and mortality rates. The main C. difficile virulence factors, toxins A and B (TcdA/TcdB), cause cytopathic/cytotoxic effects and inflammation. We demonstrated that TcdB induces caspase-dependent, mitochondria-independent enteric glial cell (EGC) apoptosis that is enhanced by the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ (CKs) by increasing caspase-3/7/9 and PARP activation. Because this cytotoxic synergism is important for CDI pathogenesis, we investigated the apoptotic pathways involved in TcdB- and TcdB + CK-induced apoptosis indepth. EGCs were pre-treated with the inhibitors BAF or Q-VD-OPh (pan-caspase), Z-DEVD-fmk (caspase-3/7), Z-IETD-fmk (caspase-8), PD150606 (calpains), and CA-074Me (cathepsin B) 1 h before TcdB exposure, while CKs were given 1.5 h after TcdB exposure, and assays were performed at 24 h. TcdB and TcdB + CKs induced apoptosis through three signalling pathways activated by calpains, caspases and cathepsins, which all are involved both in induction and execution apoptotic signalling under both conditions but to different degrees in TcdB and TcdB + CKs especially as regards to signal transduction mediated by these proteases towards downstream effects (apoptosis). Calpain activation by Ca2+ influx is the first pro-apoptotic event in TcdB- and TcdB + CK-induced EGC apoptosis and causes caspase-3, caspase-7 and PARP activation. PARP is also directly activated by calpains which are responsible of about 75% of apoptosis in TcdB and 62% in TcdB + CK which is both effector caspase-dependent and -independent. Initiator caspase-8 activation mediated by TcdB contributes to caspase-3/caspase-7 and PARP activation and is responsible of about 28% of apoptosis in both conditions. Caspase-3/caspase-7 activation is weakly responsible of apoptosis, indeed we found that it mediates 27% of apoptosis only in TcdB. Cathepsin B contributes to triggering pro-apoptotic signal and is responsible in both conditions of about 35% of apoptosis by a caspase-independent manner, and seems to regulate the caspase-3 and caspase-7 cleaved fragment levels, highlighting the complex interaction between these cysteine protease families activated during TcdB-induced apoptosis. Further a relevant difference between TcdB- and TcdB + CK-induced apoptosis is that TcdB-induced apoptosis increased slowly reaching at 72 h the value of 18.7%, while TcdB + CK-induced apoptosis increased strongly reaching at 72 h the value of 60.6%. Apoptotic signalling activation by TcdB + CKs is enriched by TNF-α-induced NF-κB signalling, inhibition of JNK activation and activation of AKT. In conclusion, the ability of C. difficile to activate three apoptotic pathways represents an important strategy to overcome resistance against its cytotoxic activity.
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Shi XY, Zhang XL, Shi QY, Qiu X, Wu XB, Zheng BL, Jiang HX, Qin SY. IFN-γ affects pancreatic cancer properties by MACC1-AS1/MACC1 axis via AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1073-1085. [PMID: 35037236 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis-related in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) is highly expressed in a variety of solid tumours, but its role in pancreatic cancer (PC) remains unknown. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) affecting MACC1 expression was explored as the potential mechanism following its intervention. METHODS Expressions of MACC1 treated with IFN-γ gradient were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB). Proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of PC cells treated with IFN-γ were analysed by CCK8, EDU, colony formation, Transwell (with or without matrix gel) and wound-healing assays. Expression of antisense long non-coding RNA of MACC1, MACC1-AS1, and proteins of AKT/mTOR pathway, (pho-)AKT, and (pho-)mTOR was also assessed by qRT-PCR and WB. SiRNA kit and lentiviral fluid were conducted for transient expression of MACC1 and stable expression of MACC1-AS1, respectively. Rescue assays of cells overexpressing MACC1-AS1 and of cells silencing MACC1 were performed and cellular properties and proteins were assessed by the above-mentioned assays as well. RESULTS IFN-γ inhibited MACC1 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner; 100 ng/mL IFN-γ generally caused downregulation of most significant (p ≤ 0.05). In vitro experiments revealed that IFN-γ decreased cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities and downregulated the expression of pho-AKT and pho-mTOR (p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, overexpression of MACC1-AS1 upregulated pho-AKT and pho-mTOR proteins, and reversed cellular properties (p ≤ 0.05). Rescue assays alleviated the above changes of pho-AKT/ mTOR and cellular properties. CONCLUSION IFN-γ affected PC properties by MACC1-AS1/MACC1 axis via AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which provides novel insight for candidate targets for treating PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-Y Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - X-L Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Q-Y Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - X Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - X-B Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - B-L Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - H-X Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - S-Y Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China.
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饶 晶, 曾 凤, 姬 满, 徐 祥, 余 春, 杨 靖, 刘 龙, 刘 志. [PreS1 Antigen of HBV Down-Regulates MHC-Ⅰ on the Surface of Hepatocytes and Promotes Hepatocarcinogenesis]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 53:285-290. [PMID: 35332731 PMCID: PMC10409352 DOI: 10.12182/20220360509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the internal mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods L02, HepG2 and Huh7 cells stably overexpressing HBV preS1 antigen were analyzed by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and tumorigenesis in nude mice to evaluate the effect of preS1 antigen in HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis. Results Our results showed that the expression of cancer stem cell (CSCs) related factors and cell surface markers in preS1 overexpressing cells were up-regulated, and the tumorigenicity of these cells was enhanced in nude mice. In addition, preS1 overexpression could down-regulate the expression of major histocompatibility complex Ⅰ (MHC-Ⅰ). The expression of MHC-Ⅰ on the cell surface could be restored by adding interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the process of cell culturing and the tumorigenicity of cells in nude mice could thus be reduced. Conclusion Based on the above results, we believe that preS1 is a carcinogen of HBV and that it promotes the formation of liver cancer through down regulating MHC-Ⅰ on the surface of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- 晶晶 饶
- 湖北医药学院基础医学院 医学微生物教研室 (十堰 442000)Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - 凤 曾
- 湖北医药学院基础医学院 医学微生物教研室 (十堰 442000)Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - 满山 姬
- 湖北医药学院基础医学院 医学微生物教研室 (十堰 442000)Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - 祥 徐
- 湖北医药学院基础医学院 医学微生物教研室 (十堰 442000)Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - 春芳 余
- 湖北医药学院基础医学院 医学微生物教研室 (十堰 442000)Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - 靖 杨
- 湖北医药学院基础医学院 医学微生物教研室 (十堰 442000)Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - 龙 刘
- 湖北医药学院基础医学院 医学微生物教研室 (十堰 442000)Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - 志新 刘
- 湖北医药学院基础医学院 医学微生物教研室 (十堰 442000)Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
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Montalvo Villalba MC, Valdés Ramírez O, Muné Jiménez M, Arencibia Garcia A, Martinez Alfonso J, González Baéz G, Roque Arrieta R, Rosell Simón D, Alvárez Gainza D, Sierra Vázquez B, Resik Aguirre S, Guzmán Tirado MG. Interferon gamma, TGF-β1 and RANTES expression in upper airway samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Clin Immunol 2020; 220:108576. [PMID: 32866645 PMCID: PMC7455570 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Upper respiratory tract is the primary site of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Releasing of pro and anti-inflammatory mediators plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to evaluate the early inflammatory response in upper airway by measuring of IFN-γ, TGF-β1 and RANTES at mRNA level. Forty five SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were enrolled, whose were divided in two groups: asymptomatic and symptomatic. Twenty healthy persons, SARS-CoV-2 negative were included as controls. Higher IFN-γ expression was detected in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in comparison with controls (p = 0.0393). IFN-γ expression was increased in symptomatic patients (p = 0.0405). TGF-β1 and RANTES expressions were lower in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients than controls (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0011, respectively). A significant correlation between IFN-γ and TGF-β1 was observed in SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic patients (r = +0.61, p = 0.0014). The findings suggest that imbalance between IFN-γ and TGF-β1 expression could be an impact in clinical expression of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Up-regulation of IFN-γ expression in upper airway may determinate pathogenesis of COVID-19 De novo gene expression of TGF-β1 and RANTES is arrested at early stage of infection Correlation IFN-γ:TGF-β1 could influence early clinical expression of SARS-CoV-2 infection RANTES-dependent recruitment of immune cells decreases in initial phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection
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Affiliation(s)
- María Caridad Montalvo Villalba
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodía km 61/2, Havana 17100, Cuba.
| | - Odalys Valdés Ramírez
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodía km 61/2, Havana 17100, Cuba
| | - Mayra Muné Jiménez
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodía km 61/2, Havana 17100, Cuba
| | - Amely Arencibia Garcia
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodía km 61/2, Havana 17100, Cuba
| | - Javier Martinez Alfonso
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodía km 61/2, Havana 17100, Cuba
| | - Guelsy González Baéz
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodía km 61/2, Havana 17100, Cuba
| | - Rosmery Roque Arrieta
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodía km 61/2, Havana 17100, Cuba
| | - Dianelvys Rosell Simón
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodía km 61/2, Havana 17100, Cuba
| | - Delmis Alvárez Gainza
- Department of Computation, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodía km 61/2, Havana 17100, Cuba
| | - Beatriz Sierra Vázquez
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodía km 61/2, Havana 17100, Cuba
| | - Sonia Resik Aguirre
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodía km 61/2, Havana 17100, Cuba
| | - Maria Guadalupe Guzmán Tirado
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodía km 61/2, Havana 17100, Cuba
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Shaker Ardakani M, Pak F, Kokhaei P, Fazeli MS, Shakiba Y, Tabatabaei Yazdi SM, Abbasian A, Nourizadeh M. In Vitro Evaluation of CMV Specific CD8+T Cells Function in CMV+ Colorectal Cancer Patients Compared to Healthy Controls. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 18:379-392. [PMID: 31522446 DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v18i4.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic role of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been recently shown in different cancers like colorectal cancer (CRC). According to the recent immunotherapy approach to target the CMV-expressing tumor cells, we investigated the CMV peptide-stimulated CD8+T cells functions in CRC patients compared to healthy individuals. All sixteen patients and seven controls were CMV seropositive. Blood samples were obtained from patients without chemotherapy and radiotherapy before surgery. Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells were generated using 14-day culture of PBMCs in the presences of CMV peptide epitopes and rhIL-2. In addition to the supernatant evaluations for TNF-α and IFN-γ, the functionality of CD8+ T cells was examined by detecting CD107a and intracellular IFN-γ using flow cytometry. CMV DNA was detected in tissues by Real Time PCR. CMV DNA was found in 31% of tumor tissues, while it was not seen in the adjacent non-tumor tissues. There was a close association between CMV in tumor tissue and tumor grade. Surface expression of CD107a and intracellular IFN-γ in CMV-stimulated CD8+T cells and the level of IFN-γ production in patient and control groups increased significantly after culture. The number of functions increased in patients (p<0.05) and healthy individuals after culture. Followingstimulation, expressions of CD107a and intracellular IFN-γ were elevated in tumor CMV positive patients while the TNF-α secretion was decreased. In vitro stimulation of PBMC in the presence of CMV peptide epitopes and IL-2 can be an applicable method to generate cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in CRC patients for future T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Pak
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran AND Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran AND Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Fazeli
- Department of Surgery, Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yadollah Shakiba
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | | | | | - Maryam Nourizadeh
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mitsunaga T, Norose K, Aosai F, Horie H, Ohnuma N, Yano A. Infection dynamics of Toxoplasma gondii in gut-associated tissues after oral infection: The role of Peyer's patches. Parasitol Int 2018; 68:40-47. [PMID: 30189256 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a common perorally transmitted parasite; however, its immunopathogenesis in gut-associated tissues remains unclear. Here, we compared disease manifestation in C57BL/6 immunocompetent wild type (WT) mice and immunocompromised interferon (IFN)-γ-deficient (GKO) mice after peroral infection (PI) with T. gondii cysts (Fukaya strain). Strong PI-induced Th1 cytokine expression was detected in WT mice. Moreover, bradyzoite-specific T.g.HSP30/bag1 mRNA was detected in the ileum parenchyma and Peyer's patches (PP), but not in the mesenteric lymph nodes, at 7 days post-infection in WT mice, and was significantly higher than that in GKO mice. Nested PCR showed that parasites existed in ileum parenchyma at days 1 and 1.5 post-PI in GKO and WT mice, respectively. In addition, quantitative competitive-PCR indicated that T. gondii first colonized the PP (day 3 post-PI), followed by the ileum parenchyma and mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and portal and aortic blood (day 7 post-PI). Although parasites were consistently more abundant in GKO mice, similar invasion and dissemination patterns were observed in the two hosts. Collectively, these data suggest that some zoites differentiate from tachyzoites to bradyzoites in the ileum and that T. gondii initially invades the ileum parenchyma, and then accumulates and proliferates in the PP before disseminating through the lymphatic systems of both GKO and WT hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Mitsunaga
- Department of Infection & Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Kazumi Norose
- Department of Infection & Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Fumie Aosai
- Department of Infection & Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Horie
- Department of Pathology, Chiba Children's Hospital, 579-1 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba 266-0007, Japan
| | - Naomi Ohnuma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yano
- Department of Infection & Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Proff J, Brey CU, Ensser A, Holter W, Lehner M. Turning the tables on cytomegalovirus: targeting viral Fc receptors by CARs containing mutated CH2-CH3 IgG spacer domains. J Transl Med 2018; 16:26. [PMID: 29422056 PMCID: PMC5804023 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) several viral proteins occur on cell surfaces in high quantity. We thus pursue an HLA-independent approach for immunotherapy of HCMV using chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and bispecific BiTE® antibody constructs. In this context, HCMV-encoded proteins that mediate viral immune evasion and bind human IgG might represent particularly attractive target antigens. Unlike in observations of similar approaches for HIV and hepatitis B and C viruses, however, HCMV-infected cells develop a striking resistance to cytotoxic effector functions at later stages of the replication cycle. In our study we therefore wanted to test two hypotheses: (1) CAR T cells can efficiently inhibit HCMV replication independently from cytotoxic effector functions, and (2) HCMV can be targeted by CH2–CH3 IgG spacer domains that contain mutations previously reported to prevent exhaustion and to rescue CAR T cell function in vivo. Methods Replication of GFP-encoding recombinant HCMV in fibroblasts in the presence and absence of supernatants from T cell co-cultures plus/minus cytokine neutralizing antibodies was analyzed by flow cytometry. CARs with wild type and mutated CH2–CH3 domains were expressed in human T cells by mRNA electroporation, and the function of the CARs was assessed by quantifying T cell cytokine secretion. Results We confirm and extend previous evidence of antiviral cytokine effects and demonstrate that CAR T cells strongly block HCMV replication in fibroblasts mainly by combined secretion of IFN-γ and TNF. Furthermore, we show that fibroblasts infected with HCMV strains AD169 and Towne starting from day 3 have a high capacity for binding of human IgG1 and also strongly activate T cells expressing a CAR with CH2–CH3 domain. Importantly, we further show that mutations in the CH2–CH3 domain of IgG1 and IgG4, which were previously reported to rescue CAR T cell function by abrogating interaction with endogenous Fc receptors (FcRs), still enable recognition of FcRs encoded by HCMV. Conclusions Our findings identify HCMV-encoded FcRs as an attractive additional target for HCMV immunotherapy by CARs and possibly bispecific antibodies. The use of specifically mutated IgG domains that bind to HCMV-FcRs without recognizing endogenous FcRs may supersede screening for novel binders directed against individual HCMV-FcRs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1394-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Proff
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Zimmermannplatz 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte U Brey
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Zimmermannplatz 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Ensser
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Holter
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Zimmermannplatz 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Kinderspital, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 6, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Lehner
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Zimmermannplatz 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,St. Anna Kinderspital, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 6, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Khaghanzadeh N, Samiei A, Mojtahedi Z, Ramezani M, Hosseinzadeh M, Ghaderi A. Umbelliprenin induced both anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in C57/BL6 mice. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2017; 20:829-834. [PMID: 28852449 PMCID: PMC5569593 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.9021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Umbelliprenin is a prenyloxy-coumarin with pharmacologically polyvalent activity. Several studies have shown Several studies have been shown its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic activities. However, the exact mechanism of action of this compound on the immune response has not yet been shown. Here, we investigated umbelliprenin effects on the predominance of Th1 and Th2 responses in normal C57/BL6 mice. Materials and Methods: Umbelliprenin (2.5 mg/200 µl IP) were administered to six C57/BL6 mice every other day for 8 days. Paraffin and PBS-injected mice were enrolled as solvent and control groups, respectively (n=6 mice/group). IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-4 levels were determined in sera and also in splenocytes culture supernatants in the presence of Con A (3 µg/ml) after 72 hr. H&E staining of paraffin embedded blocks was performed for lung and liver tissues of mice. Results: Umbelliprenin could significantly increase the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in sera and IL-10 in splenocytes cultures. Comparison of IFN-γ/IL-4 in the sera and splenocytes culture supernatants showed lower ratios in umbelliprenin treated mice than in solvent and untreated groups. Conclusion: The in vivo study showed that umbelliprenin could induce anti-inflammatory responses via the predominance of Th2 cells and some regulatory responses in C57/BL6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Khaghanzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Afshin Samiei
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Zahra Mojtahedi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Freundt-Revilla J, Maiolini A, Carlson R, Beyerbach M, Rentmeister K, Flegel T, Fischer A, Tipold A. Th17-skewed immune response and cluster of differentiation 40 ligand expression in canine steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis, a large animal model for neutrophilic meningitis. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:20. [PMID: 28114998 PMCID: PMC5260073 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by neutrophilic pleocytosis and an arteritis particularly in the cervical leptomeninges. Previous studies of the disease have shown increased levels of IL-6 and TGF-ß1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the presence of these cytokines, naive CD4+ cells differentiate into Th17 lymphocytes which synthesize interleukin 17 (IL-17). It has been shown that IL-17 plays an active role in autoimmune diseases, it induces and mediates inflammatory responses and has an important role in recruitment of neutrophils. The hypothesis of a Th17-skewed immune response in SRMA should be supported by evaluating IL-17 and CD40L, inducing the vasculitis. Methods An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure IL-17 and CD40L in serum and CSF from a total of 79 dogs. Measurements of patients suffering from SRMA in the acute state (SRMA A) were compared with levels of patients under treatment with steroids (SRMA T), recurrence of the disease (SRMA R), other neurological disorders, and healthy dogs, using the two-part test. Additionally, secretion of IL-17 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay. Results Significant higher levels of IL-17 were found in CSF of dogs with SRMA A compared with SRMA T, other neurological disorders and healthy dogs (p < 0.0001). In addition, levels of CD40L in CSF in dogs with SRMA A and SRMA R were significantly higher than in those with SRMA T (p = 0.0004) and healthy controls (p = 0.014). Furthermore, CSF concentrations of IL-17 and CD40L showed a strong positive correlation among each other (rSpear = 0.6601; p < 0.0001) and with the degree of pleocytosis (rSpear = 0.8842; p < 0.0001 and rSpear = 0.6649; p < 0.0001, respectively). IL-17 synthesis from PBMCs in SRMA patients was confirmed; however, IL-17 is mainly intrathecally produced. Conclusions These results imply that Th17 cells are inducing the autoimmune response in SRMA and are involved in the severe neutrophilic pleocytosis and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). CD-40L intrathecal synthesis might be involved in the striking vasculitis. The investigation of the role of IL-17 in SRMA might elucidate important pathomechanism and open new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Freundt-Revilla
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany. .,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Arianna Maiolini
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Regina Carlson
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Beyerbach
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Flegel
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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