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Jo M, Shi YC. Unveiling the significance of gastric digestion in gastrointestinal fate of octenylsuccinylated starch-stabilized emulsions. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121953. [PMID: 38494204 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The importance of gastric digestion in starch-based emulsion is often overshadowed compared to intestinal digestion, despite acknowledging the activity of salivary α-amylase in the stomach. This study aimed to address this gap by investigating the digestion of starch-based emulsions through orogastrointestinal digestion experiments. Our observations revealed the crucial role of salivary α-amylase, which hydrolyzed ∼8 %, ∼56 %, and ∼ 28 % of starch in emulsions stabilized by octenylsuccinylated maize starch (OMS-E), gelatinized OMS (GOMS-E), and retrograded OMS (ROMS-E), respectively, during the gastric phase. Consequently, ∼23 % of the oil in GOMS-E underwent lipolysis during this phase, whereas ∼13 and ∼ 6 % of the oil was lipolyzed in OMS-E and ROMS-E, respectively. These phenomena significantly influenced their small intestinal digestion and the bioaccessibility of encapsulated curcumin. Notably, GOMS-E exhibited ∼28 % lower curcumin bioaccessibility than that of curcumin encapsulated in OMS-E or ROMS-E. This difference was attributed to premature gastric digestion and subsequent encapsulant release in the case of GOMS-E. This understanding can be utilized to manipulate the delivery and digestion of starch-based emulsions. Importantly, our findings highlight the necessity of considering gastric amylolysis and lipolysis when investigating the gastrointestinal fate of starch-based emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Jo
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanakgu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Cheng Shi
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Ding X, Li D, Xu Y, Wang Y, Liang S, Xie L, Yu W, Zhan X, Fu A. Carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan-chitosan complex nanogels stabilized emulsions incorporated into alginate as microcapsule matrix for intestinal-targeted delivery of probiotics: In vivo and in vitro studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126931. [PMID: 37722632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel delivery system using carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan-chitosan (CMKGM-CS) nanogels stabilized single and double emulsion incorporated into alginate hydrogel as microcapsule matrix for intestinal-targeted delivery of probiotics. Through in vitro experiments, it was demonstrated that alginate hydrogel provided favorable biocompatible growth conditions for the proliferation of Lactobacillus reuteri (LR). The alginate hydrogel containing single (ASE) or double emulsions (ACG) enhanced the resistance of LR to various adverse environments. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion experiments revealed that the survivability of LR in free, CON, ASE and ACG group decreased by 6.45 log CFU/g, 4.21 log CFU/g, 1.26 log CFU/g and 0.65 log CFU/g, respectively. In vivo studies conducted in mice showed that ACG maintained its integrity during passage through the stomach and released the probiotics in the targeted intestinal area, whereas the pure alginate hydrogels (CON) were prematurely released in the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the viable counts of ACG in different intestinal segments (jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon) were increased by 1.11, 1.42, 1.68, and 1.89 log CFU/g, respectively, after 72 h of oral administration compared to the CON group. This research contributed valuable insights into the development of an effective microbial delivery system with potential applications in the biopharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Danlei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingyu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiqiang Yu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Center of Haiyan, Jiaxing 314300, China.
| | - Xiuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Aikun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Alskär LC, Parrow A, Keemink J, Johansson P, Abrahamsson B, Bergström CAS. Effect of lipids on absorption of carvedilol in dogs: Is coadministration of lipids as efficient as a lipid-based formulation? J Control Release 2019; 304:90-100. [PMID: 31047962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations (LBFs) is a formulation strategy for enabling oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, current use of this strategy is limited to a few percent of the marketed products. Reasons for that are linked to the complexity of LBFs, chemical instability of pre-dissolved drug and a limited understanding of the influence of LBF intestinal digestion on drug absorption. The aim of this study was to explore intestinal drug solubilization from a long-chain LBF, and evaluate whether coadministration of LBF is as efficient as a lipid-based drug formulation containing the pre-dissolved model drug carvedilol. Thus, solubility studies of this weak base were performed in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and aspirated dog intestinal fluid (DIF). DIF was collected from duodenal stomas after dosing of water and two levels (1 g and 2 g) of LBF. Similarly, the in vitro SIF solubility studies were conducted prior to, and after addition of, undigested or digested LBF. The DIF fluid was further characterized for lipid digestion products (free fatty acids) and bile salts. Subsequently, carvedilol was orally administered to dogs in a lipid-based drug formulation and coadministered with LBF, and drug plasma exposure was assessed. In addition to these studies, in vitro drug absorption from the different formulation approaches were evaluated in a lipolysis-permeation device, and the obtained data was used to evaluate the in vitro in vivo correlation. The results showed elevated concentrations of free fatty acids and bile salts in the DIF when 2 g of LBF was administered, compared to only water. As expected, the SIF and DIF solubility data revealed that carvedilol solubilization increased by the presence of lipids and lipid digestion products. Moreover, coadministration of LBF and drug demonstrated equal plasma exposure to the lipid-based drug formulation. Furthermore, evaluation of in vitro absorption resulted in the same rank order for the LBFs as in the in vivo dog study. In conclusion, this study demonstrated increased intestinal solubilization from a small amount of LBF, caused by lipid digestion products and bile secretion. The outcomes also support the use of coadministration of LBF as a potential dosing regimen in cases where it is beneficial to have the drug in the solid form, e.g. due to chemical instability in the lipid vehicle. Finally, the in vitro lipolysis-permeation used herein established IVIVC for carvedilol in the presence of LBFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Alskär
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albin Parrow
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janneke Keemink
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Gomaa WMS, Peng Q, Prates LL, Mosaad GM, Aamer H, Yu P. Application of FT/IR-ATR vibrational spectroscopy to reveal protein molecular structure of feedstock and co-products from Canadian and Chinese canola processing in relation to microorganism bio-degradation and enzyme bio-digestion. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 204:791-797. [PMID: 30096732 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The principal objective of this study was to apply FT/IR-ATR vibrational spectroscopy to inspect the relationship between rumen dry matter (DM) and protein degradation, rumen undegraded protein (RUP) intestinal digestion and processing induced protein molecular structure changes in feedstock (canola oil seeds) and co-products (canola meal) from bio-oil processing from different crushing plants in Canada and China. The rumen DM and protein degradation, rumen undegraded protein intestinal digestion and protein molecular structure affected by bio-oil processing were examined using in situ, three step in vitro digestion and Fourier transform infrared (FT/IR) molecular spectroscopy techniques, respectively. The results showed that the protein molecular structure; α-helix height and α-helix to β-sheet height ratio had a close association with rumen DM and protein degradation and rumen undegraded protein intestinal digestibility. Multiple regression analyses showed that protein β-sheet height and α-helix to β-sheet height ratio spectral intensity can be used to predict rumen DM and protein degradation, while intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein can be predicted by α-helix height and β-sheet height. In conclusion, the co-product canola meal from bio-oil processing is a good source of intestinally digestible protein. Rumen DM and protein degradation and intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein are related to the protein molecular structures of the co-products affected by changes during bio-oil processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M S Gomaa
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Luciana L Prates
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Gamal M Mosaad
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Hazem Aamer
- Department of Animal, Poultry and Environment Hygiene, Sohag University, Egypt
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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Lau HH, Murney R, Yakovlev NL, Novoselova MV, Lim SH, Roy N, Singh H, Sukhorukov GB, Haigh B, Kiryukhin MV. Protein-tannic acid multilayer films: A multifunctional material for microencapsulation of food-derived bioactives. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 505:332-340. [PMID: 28601742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of various functional foods are often negated by stomach digestion and poor targeting to the lower gastrointestinal tract. Layer-by-Layer assembled protein-tannic acid (TA) films are suggested as a prospective material for microencapsulation of food-derived bioactive compounds. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-TA and pepsin-TA films demonstrate linear growth of 2.8±0.1 and 4.2±0.1nm per bi-layer, correspondingly, as shown by ellipsometry. Both multilayer films are stable in simulated gastric fluid but degrade in simulated intestinal fluid. Their corresponding degradation constants are 0.026±0.006 and 0.347±0.005nm-1min-1. Milk proteins possessing enhanced adhesion to human intestinal surface, Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and β-Lactoglobulin (BLG), are explored to tailor targeting function to BSA-TA multilayer film. BLG does not adsorb onto the multilayer while IgG is successfully incorporated. Microcapsules prepared from the multilayer demonstrate 2.7 and 6.3 times higher adhesion to Caco-2 cells when IgG is introduced as an intermediate and the terminal layer, correspondingly. This developed material has a great potential for oral delivery of numerous active food-derived ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooi Hong Lau
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore
| | - Regan Murney
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Bisley Road, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Nikolai L Yakovlev
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore
| | - Marina V Novoselova
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore; N.G. Chernyshevsky Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Su Hui Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore
| | - Nicole Roy
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Bisley Road, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Haigh
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Bisley Road, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Maxim V Kiryukhin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore.
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Yu GQ, Warkentin T, Niu Z, Khan NA, Yu P. Molecular basis of processing-induced changes in protein structure in relation to intestinal digestion in yellow and green type pea (Pisum sativum L.): A molecular spectroscopic analysis. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 151:980-8. [PMID: 26188704 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were (1) to quantify the protein inherent molecular structural features of green cotyledon (CDC Striker) and yellow cotyledon (CDC Meadow) pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds using molecular spectroscopic technique (FT/IR-ATR); (2) measure the denaturation of protein molecular makeup in the two types of pea during dry roasting (120°C for 60 min), autoclaving (120°C for 60 min) or microwaving (for 5 min); and (3) correlate the heat-induced changes in protein molecular makeup to the corresponding changes in protein digestibility determined using modified three-step in vitro procedure. Compared with yellow-type, the green-type peas had higher (P<0.05) ratios of amide I to II peak height (1.698 vs. 1.805) and area (1.843 vs. 2.017). A significant correlation was observed between the amide I and II peak height (r=0.48) and peak area (r=-0.42) ratio with protein content. Compared with yellow-type, the green-type peas had lower (P<0.05) α-helix:β-sheet ratio (1.015 vs. 0.926), indicating varietal difference in protein secondary structure makeup. All processing applications increased α-helix:β-sheet ratio, with the largest (P<0.05) increase being observed with roasting and microwaving. The heat-induced changes in α-helix:β-sheet ratio was strongly correlated to intestinal digestibility of protein within the green (r=-0. 86) and yellow (r=0.81) pea-types. However, across the pea types the correlation was not significant. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses on the entire spectral data from the amide region (ca. 1727-1480 cm(-1)) were able to visualize and discriminate the structural difference between pea varieties and processing treatments. This study shows that the molecular spectroscopy can be used as a rapid tool to screen the protein value of raw and heat-treated peas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Qingyu Yu
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada; Advanced IRP Program, Walter Murray Collegiate, Saskatoon, 1905 Preston Ave S, Saskatoon S7J 2E7, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tom Warkentin
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Zhiyuan Niu
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nazir A Khan
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada; Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjin Road, Tianjin 300384, China.
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