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Low KM, Lin X, Wu H, Li SFY. Ion-Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensor for the Detection of Mercury Ions. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:652. [PMID: 38475334 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, the development of a novel method for the detection of mercury (II) ions in wastewater using a mercury ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) combined with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is described. The IIP was successfully synthesized via the polymerization of a of a novel fluorescein- and 2-aminophenol-functionalized methacrylic acid monomer, which was noted to have high binding affinity to mercury (II) ions. This polymer was subsequently coated on a QCM chip to create an IIP-QCM sensor. This sensor was established to have high selectivity and good sensitivity to mercury (II) ions, and had a limit of detection (LOD) of 14.17 ppb, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 42.94 ppb, a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 4.29, good repeatability, and a working range of 42.94 ppb to 2 ppm. The sensor was also able to analyze tap water and wastewater samples. The IIP-QCM is, therefore, promising as a highly selective, cost-effective, and rapid mercury ion sensor for applications involving the detection of mercury in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Meng Low
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xuanhao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Huanan Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), #02-01, T-Lab Building (TL), 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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Liu J, Zou J, Deng L, Peng G, Liu S, Rui P, Wang X, Wang L, Gao Y, Lu L. Electroactive poly(thionine) as imprinted polymer and reference probe simultaneously for ratiometric ion imprinted electrochemical Pb 2+sensor. Nanotechnology 2023; 34:505709. [PMID: 37725965 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acfb0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an electrochemical sensor based on ion-imprinted polymer/Au nanoparticles/porous biochar (IIP/AuNPs/PBC) composite was proposed for the highly selective and sensitive detection of Pb2+. In this work, poly (thionine) (pTHI) served simultaneously as imprinted polymer and reference probe. It could not only realize the specific detection of Pb2+, but also provide an internal reference signal to eliminate the influence of human and environmental factors on the detection signal and further improve the stability of the sensor. In addition, the AuNPs/PBC composite with large specific surface area, excellent electron transport and electrocatalytic performance could effectively enhance the detection signal as a carrier material. At the same time, the AuNPs on the PBC surface would promote the formation of uniform and stable IIP through Au-S bonds. The synergistic effect between IIP, AuNPs/PBC and ratiometric signal mode gave the Pb2+sensor excellent performance, including a wide linear range (0.1-1000μg l-1), low detection limit (0.03μg l-1, S/N = 3), excellent selectivity and stability. All these results indicate that the proposed sensor could provide a meaningful reference for highly selective detection of heavy metal ions (HMIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Linbo Deng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanwei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Peixin Rui
- College National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansha Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
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Amini MH, Beyki MH. Construction of 1, 10-phenanthroline functionalized magnetic starch as a lead (II) tagged surface imprinted biopolymer for highly selective targeting of toxic lead ions. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124996. [PMID: 37236569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this research 1, 10 - phenanthroline functionalized CaFe2O4 - starch was employed as a magnetic ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) for highly selective targeting toxic Pb2+ ions from aqueous media. VSM analysis revealed that the sorbent has magnetic saturation of 10 emu g-1 which is appropriate for magnetic separation. Moreover, TEM analysis confirmed that the adsorbent is composed of particles with a mean diameter of 10 nm. According to XPS analysis, lead coordination with phenanthroline is the main adsorption mechanism that is along with electrostatic interaction. A maximum adsorption capacity of 120 mg g-1 was obtained within 10 min at a pH of 6 and an adsorbent dosage of 20 mg. Kinetic and isotherm studies showed that lead adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models, respectively. The selectivity coefficient of Pb (II) relative to Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Cd(II) was 4.7, 14, 20, 36, 13 and 25, respectively. Moreover, the IIP represents the imprinting factor of 1.32. The sorbent showed good regeneration after five cycles of the sorption/desorption process with an efficiency of >93 %. Finally represented IIP was used for lead preconcentration from various matrices i.e., water, vegetable, and fish samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Hossein Beyki
- School of Chemistry, University College of Science, university of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Cao P, Pichon V, Dreanno C, Boukerma K, Delaunay N. Development of ion-imprinted polymers for the selective extraction of Cu(II) ions in environmental waters. Talanta 2023; 256:124295. [PMID: 36709709 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) were synthesized via bulk polymerization with Cu(II) as template ion, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinking agent, and azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator in acetonitrile or methanol as porogen solvent. Non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) were similarly synthesized but without Cu(II). After grounding and sieving, the template ions were removed from IIPs particles through several cycles of elimination in 3 M HCl. All NIPs were equally subjected to this acid treatment with the exception of one NIP, called unwashed NIP. The resulting IIP/NIP particles were packed in solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges for characterization. The SPE protocol was designed by optimizing a washing step following the sample percolation to eliminate potential interfering ions prior to the elution of Cu(II), all fractions analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The best IIP showed a high specificity (recovery of Cu(II) vs. interfering ions) and a good selectivity (retention on IIP vs. NIP). Its adsorption capacity was determined to be 63 μg g-1. Then, a volume of 50 mL was percolated with 30 mg of IIP, thus giving rise to an enrichment factor of 24. Finally, applications to real samples (mineral and sea waters) were successfully performed. In addition, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyses showed that the surface area of the washed NIP was almost double that of the unwashed one (140.70 vs. 74.49 m2 g-1), demonstrating for the first time that the post-treatment of a NIP after its synthesis may have a significant impact on its porous structure, and thus need to be more precisely detailed by authors in the future papers.
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Khan M, Al-Ghouti MA, Khraisheh M, Shomar B, Hijji Y, Tong Y, Mansour S, Nasser MS. Synthesis of nanostructured novel ion-imprinted polymer for selective removal of Cu 2+ and Sr 2+ ions from reverse osmosis concentrated brine. Environ Res 2023; 231:116024. [PMID: 37121345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to prepare an ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) using copper sulfate as a template and potassium persulfate as an initiator to selectively adsorb copper ions (Cu2+) from aqueous solutions and in an attempt to also test its applicability for removing strontium ions (Sr2+). The prepared polymer was denoted by IIP-Cu. Various physical and chemical characterizations were performed for the prepared IIP-Cu. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed the cavities formed after the removal of the template. It also indicated that the IIP-Cu had a rough and porous topology. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the successful removal of the Cu template from IIP-Cu. The Brunauer-Emmet-Teller revealed that the surface area of IIP-Cu is as high as 152.3 m2/g while the pore radius is 8.51 nm. The effect of pH indicated that the maximum adsorption of Cu2+ was achieved at pH 8 with 98.7%. Isotherm studies revealed that the adsorption of Cu2+ was best explained using Langmuir models with a maximum adsorption capacity of 159 mg/g. The effect of temperature revealed that an increase in temperature had an adverse impact on Cu2+ removal from the aqueous solution, which was further confirmed by thermodynamic studies. The negative value of standard enthalpy change (-4.641 kJ/mol) revealed that the adsorption of Cu2+ onto IIP-Cu was exothermic. While the continuous increase in Gibbs free energy from -6776 kJ/mol to -8385 kJ/mol with the increase in temperature indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and feasible. Lastly, the positive value of the standard entropy change (0.023 J/mol.K) suggested that the Cu2+ adsorption onto IIP-Cu had a good affinity at the solid-liquid surface. The efficiency of the prepared IIP-Cu was also tested by studying the adsorption capacity using Sr2+ and real brine water. The results revealed that IIP-Cu was able to remove 63.57% of Sr2+ at pH 8. While the adsorption studies revealed that the experiment was best described using the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 76.92 mg/g. Additionally, IIP-Cu was applied in a real brine sample, which consisted of various metal ions. The highest percentage of Cu2+ removal was 90.6% and the lowest was 65.63% in 1:4 and 1:1 brine ratios, respectively. However, this study indicates the successful application of IIP-Cu in a real sample when it comes to the effective and efficient removal of Cu2+ in a solution consisting of various competing ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Khan
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohammad A Al-Ghouti
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar.
| | - Majeda Khraisheh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar
| | - Basem Shomar
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar
| | - Yousef Hijji
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar
| | - Yongfeng Tong
- Core Labs, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU) 34110 Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Mansour
- Core Labs, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU) 34110 Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mustafa Saleh Nasser
- Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Yin F, Yang H, Liu X, Mo Y, Ye T, Cao H, Yuan M, Xu F. Aqueous phase synthesis of ion-imprinted cryogel for paper-based colorimetric detection of As(V) with high selectivity. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 190:35. [PMID: 36542186 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel hydrophilic As(V) ion-imprinted cryogel (IIC) was green prepared by cryogelation in aqueous environment which was coincident with the adsorption condition and can improve the specific recognition performance. The methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MPTAC) was selected as the functional monomer and the saturated adsorption capacity of the prepared IIC and NIC were 55.0 mg/g and 29.4 mg/g, and with high imprinting factor of 1.87. Additionally, the prepared IIC showed admirable reusability and high selectivity, and the recovery was in the range 81.2-97.9% with RSD range of 1.9-4.3%, which was similar to the value obtained by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. IIC can be used as solid material for colorimetric detection at the ultraviolet wavelength of 858 nm without color interference of material matrix, in the range 5-200 μg/L (R2 = 0.990) with a detection limit of 0.970 µg/L. Obviously, this synthetic strategy provides a simple, efficient, and green method for the preparation of water-compatible ion-imprinted polymers providing selective separation and detection of trace As(V) in real complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Yin
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeling Mo
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tai Ye
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yuan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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Su Y, Wenzel M, Seifert M, Weigand JJ. Surface ion-imprinted brewer's spent grain with low template loading for selective uranyl ions adsorption from simulated wastewater. J Hazard Mater 2022; 440:129682. [PMID: 35939905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient removal of uranyl ions from wastewater requires excellent selectivity of the adsorbents. Herein, we report a new strategy using a high monomer/template molar ratio of 500:1 to prepare surface ion-imprinted brewer's spent grain (IIP-BSG) for selective U(VI) removal using binary functional monomers (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and diethyl vinylphosphonate) with high site accessibility and easy template removal. IIP-BSG exhibits a maximum U(VI) adsorption capacity of 165.7 mg/g, a high selectivity toward U(VI) in the presence of an excess amount of Eu(III) (Eu/U molar ratio = 20), a good tolerance of salinity, and a high reusability. In addition, mechanism studies have revealed electrostatic interaction and a coordination of uranyl ions by carboxyl and phosphoryl groups, the predominant contribution of high-energy (specific) sites during selective adsorption, and internal mass transfer as the rate-controlling step of U(VI) adsorption. Furthermore, IIP-BSG shows great potentials to separate U(VI) from lanthanides in simulated nuclear wastewater (pH0 = 3.5) and selectively concentrate U(VI) from simulated mine water (pH0 = 7.1). This study proves that the ion-imprinting effect can be achieved using a very low template amount with reduced production cost and secondary pollution, which benefits large-scale promotion of the ion-imprinted materials for selective uranyl ions removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Su
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Wenzel
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Seifert
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Gao Y, Zhou RY, Yao L, Wang Y, Yue Q, Yu L, Yu JX, Yin W. Selective capture of Pd(II) from aqueous media by ion-imprinted dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles and re-utilization of the spent adsorbent for Suzuki reaction in water. J Hazard Mater 2022; 436:129249. [PMID: 35739768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly efficient adsorptive material for the selective capture of Pd(II), and re-utilization of spent Pd(II)-loaded adsorbent as an efficient catalyst for organic synthesis are of great significance, but challenging. Particularly, the heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed Suzuki reaction in aqueous media is much more challenging than that of homogeneous. Herein, several novel Pd(II) ion-imprinted polymers (PIIPs) based on dendritic fibrous silica particles are constructed by surface ion imprinting technology (SIIT), using Schiff base and pyridine groups functionalized organosilicon as functional monomer. The PIIP-3 prepared by 3 g of functional monomer exhibits the best adsorption performance, and shows ultrafast (10 min) and selective capture of Pd(II) with high uptake capacity (382.5 mg/g). Moreover, the waste Pd(II) loaded PIIP-3 (PIIP-3-Pd) can serve as a catalyst towards the Suzuki reaction in water, affording 94.2 % yield of the desired product. Interestingly, the PIIP-3-Pd can be reused 12 times without an appreciable decrease in catalytic activity, which is probably due to the imprinted cavity and specific recognition site of PIIP-3 can match and recapture Pd active species in a complex catalytic environment. Thus, this work demonstrates huge potentials of SIIT to enhance the selectivity of adsorption process and increase the lifetime of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; Hubei key Laboratory of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resource Exploitation, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lifeng Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; Hubei key Laboratory of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resource Exploitation, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Jun-Xia Yu
- Hubei key Laboratory of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resource Exploitation, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Weiyan Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
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Hassan Amini M, Alijani H, Hossein Beyki M. Toxic cadmium selective sequestration from food samples using melamine anchored magnetic cellulose by surface imprinting route. Food Chem 2022; 396:133688. [PMID: 35843002 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is very toxic for living organisms hence selective and efficient control capturing of it is necessary. To reach this goal a novel imprinted polymer was developed using melamine anchored MnFe2O4 - cellulose. Magnetic cellulose was synthesized through an ultrasound-assisted precipitation route. Chloropropyltriethoxysilane was used to attach melamine to the magnetic cellulose surface. Response surface methodology employed to optimize effective parameters on cadmium adsorption. Time of 13 min, the dosage of 18 mg and pH of 8 was selected as optimum conditions. The relative standard deviation, detection limits and adsorption capacity were 2,5%, 0.50 µgL-1 and 138 mg g-1 respectively. The selectivity coefficient of Cd(II) relative to Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) were 4, 5, 12 and 3, respectively. Regeneration of the sorbent was performed using HCl (0.5 mol L-1) as eluent. The method was used for cadmium preconcentration in fish, lettuce and liver with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Alijani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hossein Beyki
- School of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Gao Y, Zhou RY, Yao L, Yin W, Yu JX, Yue Q, Xue Z, He H, Gao B. Synthesis of rice husk-based ion-imprinted polymer for selective capturing Cu(II) from aqueous solution and re-use of its waste material in Glaser coupling reaction. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127203. [PMID: 34600392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the deepening of the concept of recycling economy and green chemistry, selective capture of Cu(II) from wastewater by biosorbent and reuse of the spent Cu(II)-loaded adsorbent are of great significance. Herein, we synthesized composite of rice husk (RH) with mesoporous silica MCM-41 (RH@MCM-41) modified by organosilane containing amino and schiff groups as functional monomer and cross-linking agent. The silica modified RH@MCM-41 was employed as supporter to fabricate copper ion-imprinted polymers as absorbents (named as RM-CIIPs) via surface ion imprinting technique. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, selectivity and mechanism of RM-CIIPs to remove Cu(II) were investigated with respect to different adsorption condition. Furthermore, we explored the catalytic activity of spent Cu(II)-loaded adsorbent in Glaser coupling reaction. Batch adsorption studies revealed that RM-CIIP-3 prepared with functional monomer shows the best adsorption capacity (91.4 mg/g) for Cu(II), and adsorption equilibrium could be reached within 30 min. RM-CIIP-3 exhibited an excellent selectivity for capturing Cu(II) and reusability in six adsorption/desorption cycles. More importantly, the spent Cu(II)-loaded adsorbent could be used as bio-heterogeneous catalyst and afford the desired product (1,4-diphenylbutadiyne) in 99.1% yield. Our research indicates an eco-friendly systematic strategy to utilize the waste material as an adsorbent for removing heavy metals and catalyst for industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; Hubei key Laboratory of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resource Exploitation, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Biological Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lifeng Yao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Weiyan Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Jun-Xia Yu
- Hubei key Laboratory of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resource Exploitation, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhiyong Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Haifeng He
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Kisomi AS, Alizadeh T, Shakeri A. μ-Thin-layer chromatography coupled with laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry using tin(II)-imprinted polymer nanoparticles as a stationary phase for speciation of tin. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:298. [PMID: 32347371 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A unique and novel μ-thin-layer chromatography method based on Sn(II) ion-imprinted polymer (Sn-IIP) for speciation of tin ion species in water and plasma samples is introduced for the first time. For this purpose, N-allylthiourea (NATU) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) were copolymerized in the presence of Sn(II). The obtained polymer particles were identified using multiple techniques like BET, FT-IR, XRD, and FESEM. The effects of different variables such as pH of the solution, mobile phase composition, and IIP per CaSO4 mass ratio on the separation efficiency were also evaluated. After completion of the separation process on the plate, its surface was scanned by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Under the established optimal condition, the detection limit, relative standard deviation (RSD) of responses, and linear dynamic range (LDR) of the method were obtained as 0.3 μg L-1, 3.5%, and 0.8-900 μg L-1 for Sn(II) and 0.4 μg L-1, 4%, and 1-740 μg L-1 for Sn(IV) assay, respectively. The developed method was finally applied to the speciation of tin in various water and plasma samples. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of μ-thin-layer chromatography method based on tin(II) ion-imprinted polymer (Sn-IIP) for speciation of tin ion species in water and plasma samples and scanned separated casts by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taher Alizadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Shakeri
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6619, Tehran, Iran
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Zhou Z, Liu X, Zhang M, Jiao J, Zhang H, Du J, Zhang B, Ren Z. Preparation of highly efficient ion-imprinted polymers with Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles as carrier for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. Sci Total Environ 2020; 699:134334. [PMID: 33736196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and their surface was modified by the sol-gel method. Polymers imprinted with magnetic Cr (VI) were prepared by using Cr2O72- as template ion, 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP) as monomer, isopropanol as solvent and Fe3O4 as matrix. The effects of solvent type, amount of Cr (VI) addition and volume of crosslinking agent on the adsorption properties of the imprinted polymers were investigated. The polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption equilibrium was reached within 50 min, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 201.55 mg·g-1. The adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir model, and the results of kinetic fitting showed that the pseudo-first-order kinetic model applied. In the Cr2O72-/AlF4- and Cr2O72-/CrO42- competitive systems, the imprinted polymer showed good selectivity to the template ions, with relative selectivity factors of 6.91 and 5.99, respectively. When the imprinted polymer was reused 6 times, the adsorption capacity decreased by only 8.2%, demonstrating good reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15, North Third Ring Road East, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15, North Third Ring Road East, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15, North Third Ring Road East, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Jiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15, North Third Ring Road East, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hewei Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15, North Third Ring Road East, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Du
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15, North Third Ring Road East, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15, North Third Ring Road East, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongqi Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15, North Third Ring Road East, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Francisco JE, Feiteira FN, da Silva WA, Pacheco WF. Synthesis and application of ion-imprinted polymer for the determination of mercury II in water samples. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:19588-19597. [PMID: 31077054 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an innovative analytical methodology capable of selectively identifying and quantifying mercury contamination by the association of solid-phase extraction using ion-imprinted polymers as a sorbent phase and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry is proposed. To this end, the ion-imprinted polymers were synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The sorption capacities and the selectivity of the ion-imprinted polymers were compared to the ones related to the non-imprinted ones. Next, the experimental parameters of this solid-phase extraction method (IIP-SPE) were evaluated univariately. The selectivity of this polymeric matrix against other cations (Cd II, Pb II, and Cu II) was also evaluated. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) obtained for the here proposed methodology were 0.322 μg L-1 and 1.08 μg L-1, respectively. Also, the precision of 4.0% was achieved. The method was finally applied to three water samples from different sources: for the Piratininga and Itaipu Lagoon waters, Hg II concentrations were below the LOQ and for Vargem River waters a concentration equal to 1.35 ± 0.07 mg L-1 was determined. These results were confirmed by recovery tests, resulting in a recovery of 96.2 ± 4.0%, and by comparison with flame atomic absorption spectrometry, resulting in statistical conformity between the two methods at 95% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wanderson A da Silva
- UFF - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- CEFET/RJ - Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil
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14
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Faghihian H, Adibmehr Z. Comparative performance of novel magnetic ion-imprinted adsorbents employed for Cd 2+, Cu 2+ and Ni 2+ removal from aqueous solutions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:15068-15079. [PMID: 29557038 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel magnetic ion-imprinted polymer was prepared by use of SBA-15 as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross linker, diphenylcarbazide as ligand, and Cd2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ as the template of ion source. The adsorption capacity of the synthesized adsorbent was 111, 95, and 87 mg g-1, respectively for cadmium, copper, and nickel. The selectivity of the adsorbents examined in the presence of different cations including Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ indicated that the synthesized ion-imprinted adsorbents were highly selective for the appropriate cations. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process was very fast and the equilibrium was established within 5 min and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The used ion-imprinted adsorbent was readily regenerated by elution with 2 M HNO3, and the regenerated adsorbent retained most of its initial capacity. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Faghihian
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 11-86145, Shahreza, Iran.
| | - Zahra Adibmehr
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 11-86145, Shahreza, Iran
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Zhou Z, Kong D, Zhu H, Wang N, Wang Z, Wang Q, Liu W, Li Q, Zhang W, Ren Z. Preparation and adsorption characteristics of an ion-imprinted polymer for fast removal of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 2018; 341:355-364. [PMID: 28802246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel Ni(II) ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) was synthesized by bulk polymerization for fast removal of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution. Effects of preparation conditions on adsorption performance were investigated. Diphenylcarbazide (DPC) and N,N-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were used as ligand and initiator, respectively. Various monomers, solvents, cross-linking agents and molar ratios of template, monomer and cross-linking agent for polymerization were studied to obtain the largest adsorption capacity. The prepared Ni(II)-IIPs were characterized using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The elution process has no influence on the three-dimension network structure observed on the surfaces of Ni(II)-IIPs. Ni(II) ions could be eluted from IIPs successfully with HCl solution. Effects of operating time, pH and initial concentration of Ni(II) in aqueous solution on adsorption performance were investigated too. The adsorption equilibrium was reached within 30min. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ni(II)-IIPs was 86.3mgg-1 at pH 7.0 with initial Ni(II) concentration of 500mgL-1. The adsorption by Ni(II)-IIPs followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models. The selectivity coefficients for all Ni(II)/interfering ions are larger than one because of the imprinting effect. The Ni(II)-IIPs also showed high reusability and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Delong Kong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qunsheng Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqi Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Yilmaz V, Yilmaz H, Arslan Z, Leszczynski J. Novel Imprinted Polymer for the Preconcentration of Cadmium with Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2017; 50:482-499. [PMID: 28239183 DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1182544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel Cd(II)-imprinted polymer was prepared with chemical immobilization approach by using N-methacryloyl-L-histidine as a vinylated chelating agent for on-line solid phase extraction of Cd(II) for determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cd(II)-monomer complex was synthesized and copolymerized via bulk polymerization method in the presence of ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate cross-linker. The resulting polymer was leached with 1.0 mol L-1 HNO3 to generate the cavities in the polymer for Cd(II) ions. The experimental conditions, including load pH, solution flow rate, and eluent concentration for effective sorption of Cd(II) were optimized using a minicolumn of the imprinted polymer. A volume of 5.0 mL sample 5 μg L-1 Cd(II) solution at pH 6.5 was loaded onto the column at 2.0 mL min-1 by using a sequential injection system (FIALab 3200) followed by elution with 1.0 mL of 0.75 mol L-1 HNO3. The relative selectivity coefficients of the imprinted polymer for Cd(II) were 38.5, 3.5, 3.0, 2.5 and 6.0 in the presence of Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II) and Pb(II), respectively. Computational calculations revealed that the selectivity of the imprinted polymer was mediated by the stability of Cd(II)-N-methacryloyl-L-histidine complex which was far more stable than those of commonly used monomers, such as 4-vinyl pyridine, methacrylic acid and vinylimidazole. The detection limit (3s) and relative standard deviation (%) were found to be 0.004 μg L-1 and 3.2%, respectively. The method was validated by analysis of seawater certified reference material (CASS-4) and successfully applied to the determination of Cd(II) in coastal seawater and estuarine water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedat Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA; Deparment of Biomedical Devices and Technologies, Kayseri Vocational School, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zikri Arslan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
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Fayazi M, Ghanei-Motlagh M, Taher MA, Ghanei-Motlagh R, Salavati MR. Synthesis and application of a novel nanostructured ion-imprinted polymer for the preconcentration and determination of thallium(I) ions in water samples. J Hazard Mater 2016; 309:27-36. [PMID: 26874309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel synthesized nanostructured ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) was investigated for the determination of trace amount of thallium(I). For this purpose, the thallium(I) IIP particles were synthesized using methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linker, methyl-2-[2-(2-2-[2-(methoxycarbonyl) phenoxy] ethoxyethoxy) ethoxy] benzoate as the chelating agent and 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator. The prepared IIP particles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Various experimental factors such as pH, the amount of IIP particles, sorption and desorption time, sample volume, elution condition, and potentially interfering ions systematically examined. Under the optimum conditions, a sensitive response to Tl(I) within a wide concentration range (0.05-18 μg L(-1)) was achieved. The limit of detection (LOD, 3Sb/m) was 6.3 ng L(-1). The maximum adsorption capacity of the novel imprinted adsorbent for Tl(I) was calculated to be 18.3 mg g(-1). The relative standard deviation (RSD) for eight replicate detections of 0.1 μg L(-1) of thallium(I) was found to be 4.0%. An enrichment factor (EF) of 100 was obtained by this method. The proposed technique was successfully applied to monitoring thallium in different water samples and the certified reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fayazi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
| | - M Ghanei-Motlagh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - M A Taher
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - R Ghanei-Motlagh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M R Salavati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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