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Rajčević N, Dodoš T, Janković S, Novaković J, Zheljazkov V, Semerdjieva I, Marin PD. Phytochemistry and Micromorphology of Epicuticular Waxes in Four Juniper Species With Fragmented Distribution in the Balkans. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301433. [PMID: 38156744 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The cuticle is important in the interaction between the plant and its environment, especially in the dry areas. Four species of junipers from the section Sabina wild growing in the Balkans were selected to study leaf wax composition using GC/MS and GC-FID and its surface morphology under SEM to understand the correlation between the distribution and/or habitat of these species and their cuticles. SEM micrographs showed continuous, smooth epicuticular layers with crusts in all species but with a species-specific distribution of different 3D crystalloid types and different cuticle thickness. n-C33 alkane was the most abundant compound, followed by n-C29, n-C31, and n-C35, depending on the species and the site. The average chain length (N) was the lowest in J. phoenicea, but with the greatest dispersion around it. At the same time, the two most continental species (J. foetidissima and J. excelsa) show the N with the lowest dispersion around it. The statistical analyses confirmed the significance of climate on the evolution of the specific epicuticular wax composition in studied junipers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanja Dodoš
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16
| | | | | | - Valtcho Zheljazkov
- Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Ivanka Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petar D Marin
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16
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Khafagy ES, Soliman GA, Shahba AA, Aldawsari MF, Alharthy KM, Abdel-Kader MS, Zaatout HH. Brain Targeting by Intranasal Drug Delivery: Effect of Different Formulations of the Biflavone "Cupressuflavone" from Juniperus sabina L. on the Motor Activity of Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:1354. [PMID: 36771021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The polar fractions of the Juniperus species are rich in bioflavonoid contents. Phytochemical study of the polar fraction of Juniperus sabina aerial parts resulted in the isolation of cupressuflavone (CPF) as the major component in addition to another two bioflavonoids, amentoflavone and robustaflavone. Biflavonoids have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, hypoglycemic, neuroprotective, and antipsychotic effects. Previous studies have shown that the metabolism and elimination of biflavonoids in rats are fast, and their oral bioavailability is very low. One of the methods to improve the bioavailability of drugs is to alter the route of administration. Recently, nose-to-brain drug delivery has emerged as a reliable method to bypass the blood-brain barrier and treat neurological disorders. To find the most effective CPF formulation for reaching the brain, three different CPF formulations (A, B and C) were prepared as self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). The formulations were administered via the intranasal (IN) route and their effect on the spontaneous motor activity in addition to motor coordination and balance of rats was observed using the activity cage and rotarod, respectively. Moreover, pharmacokinetic investigation was used to determine the blood concentrations of the best formulation after 12 h. of the IN dose. The results showed that formulations B and C, but not A, decreased the locomotor activity and balance of rats. Formula C at IN dose of 5 mg/kg expressed the strongest effect on the tested animals.
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Abdel-Kader MS, Soliman GA, Alqarni MH, Hamad AM, Foudah AI, Alqasoumi SI. Chemical composition and protective effect of Juniperus sabina L. essential oil against CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:945-51. [PMID: 31997901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatoprotective activity of the total extract of Juniperus sabina L. against CCl4 induced toxicity in experimental animals was previously reported and indicated promising results. Essential oil of J. Sabina was prepared by hydrodistillation method. Components of the oil were identified by comparison of GC-MS and retention indexes with reported data. The hepatoprotective effect of the essential oil against CCl4 induced toxicity was studied using male Wistar rats and silymarin at 10 mg/kg p.o as standard drug. The protective effect was evaluated via serum biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), and total bilirubin as well as tissue parameters including non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH), malonaldehyde (MDA) and total protein (TP). Histopathological study was applied on the liver tissues using Mayer’s hematoxylin stain, Periodic Acid Schiff – Hematoxylin (PAS-H) and Masson trichrome technique on light microscope. Electron microscope images were also obtained for more detailed study.
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Abdel-Kader MS, Hamad AM, Alanazi MT, Alanazi AH, Ali R, Foudah AI, Alqarni MH. Characterization and hepatoprotective evaluation of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes from the aerial parts of Juniperus sabina L. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:920-929. [PMID: 31997898 PMCID: PMC6978623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported on the hepatoprotective activity of the total extract of Juniperus sabina L. against CCl4 induced liver toxicity in experimental animals. Biologically directed phytochemical study was conducted to identify the active compounds. Male Wistar rats and the standard drug silymarin were used in the study. Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated via serum biochemical parameters such as aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin. Tissue parameters including non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH), malonaldehyde (MDA) and total protein (TP) were also determined. Histopathological study was conducted utilizing Mayer's hematoxylin stain, Periodic Acid Schiff - Hematoxylin (PAS-H) and Masson trichrome technique on light microscope. Electron microscope images were also generated for the study. The activity of the total extract was trapped to the petroleum ether fraction after liquid-liquid fractionation where 51% reduction in the levels of AST, bilirubin and 44% in the levels of ALT were observed. Chromatographic purification of the petroleum ether fraction resulted in the isolation of nine compounds namely: trans-calamenene (1), cadalene (cadalin) (2), epi-cubenol (3), manool (4), calamenene-10β-ol (5), calamenene-10α-ol (6), 4-epi-abietic acid (7), sandaracopimaric acid (8) and isopimaric acid (9). Compounds 1-3, 5 and 6 are belonging to cadinane sesquiterepenes, while compounds 4, 7-9 were of diterpene skeleton. The major compounds were tested for their hepatoprotective effect. Compounds 3 showed marked improvement in the levels of AST and ALT, compound 4 was effective in improving the levels of AST, ALT, GGT, ALP and bilirubin, while compound 7 showed significant improvement in GGT, ALP and bilirubin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged S Abdel-Kader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21215, Egypt
| | - Abubaker M Hamad
- Basic Sciences Department, Preparatory year Deanship, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University. PO Box 20337, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan
| | - Mubarak T Alanazi
- Pfizer Saudi Limited Pharmaceutical Company, P.O. Box 6722, Riyadh 11452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah H Alanazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ali
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Orhan N, Deliorman Orhan D, Gökbulut A, Aslan M, Ergun F. Comparative Analysis of Chemical Profile, Antioxidant, In-vitro and In-vivo Antidiabetic Activities of Juniperus foetidissima Willd. and Juniperus sabina L. Iran J Pharm Res 2017; 16:64-74. [PMID: 29844777 PMCID: PMC5963647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Fruit and leaves of junipers are commonly used internally as tea and pounded fruits are eaten to lower blood glucose levels in Anatolia. Thus, we aimed to evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant potential and the chemical profile of Juniperus foetidissima Willd. and J. sabina L. in this study. In-vitro antidiabetic activities of leaf and fruit extracts were examined by their inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. Then, in-vivo antidiabetic activities of leaf and fruit extracts of Juniperus species were investigated on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Additionally, antioxidant activities (phosphomolybdenum, ferric-reducing antioxidant power and ABTS radical scavenging activity assays), phytochemical screening tests and high performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC) were done. In-vitro enzyme inhibitory effects of the extracts were supported by the results of in-vivo antidiabetic activity studies. Phytochemical screening tests indicated presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and carbohydrates in the extracts. Amentoflavone was identified as the major compound in the extracts and content of amentoflavone was determined. As a result, Juniperus extracts and its active constituents might be beneficial for diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilüfer Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | | | - Alper Gökbulut
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Aslan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Ergun
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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García-Cervigón AI, Iriondo JM, Linares JC, Olano JM. Disentangling Facilitation Along the Life Cycle: Impacts of Plant-Plant Interactions at Vegetative and Reproductive Stages in a Mediterranean Forb. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:129. [PMID: 26904086 PMCID: PMC4748247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Facilitation enables plants to improve their fitness in stressful environments. The overall impact of plant-plant interactions on the population dynamics of protégées is the net result of both positive and negative effects that may act simultaneously along the plant life cycle, and depends on the environmental context. This study evaluates the impact of the nurse plant Juniperus sabina on different stages of the life cycle of the forb Helleborus foetidus. Growth, number of leaves, flowers, carpels, and seeds per flower were compared for 240 individuals collected under nurse canopies and in open areas at two sites with contrasting stress levels. Spatial associations with nurse plants and age structures were also checked. A structural equation model was built to test the effect of facilitation on fecundity, accounting for sequential steps from flowering to seed production. The net impact of nurse plants depended on a combination of positive and negative effects on vegetative and reproductive variables. Although nurse plants caused a decrease in flower production at the low-stress site, their net impact there was neutral. In contrast, at the high-stress site the net outcome of plant-plant interactions was positive due to an increase in effective recruitment, plant density, number of viable carpels per flower, and fruit set under nurse canopies. The naturally lower rates of secondary growth and flower production at the high-stress site were compensated by the net positive impact of nurse plants here. Our results emphasize the need to evaluate entire processes and not only final outcomes when studying plant-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. García-Cervigón
- Área de Biología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Universidad de ValladolidSoria, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana I. García-Cervigón,
| | - José M. Iriondo
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosMóstoles, Spain
| | - Juan C. Linares
- Área de Ecología, Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Olano
- Área de Biología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Universidad de ValladolidSoria, Spain
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Shokrzadeh M, Azadbakht M, Ahangar N, Naderi H, Saeedi Saravi SS. Comparison of the cytotoxic effects of Juniperus sabina and Zataria multiflora extracts with Taxus baccata extract and Cisplatin on normal and cancer cell lines. Pharmacogn Mag 2010; 6:102-5. [PMID: 20668574 PMCID: PMC2900055 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.62894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation and identification of some potent anti-tumor compounds from medicinal plants has motivated researchers to screen different parts of plant species for the determination of anti-tumor effects. In this study, cytotoxic effects and IC(50) of specific concentrations of hydro-alcoholic extracts of fruits of Juniperus sabina and leaves of Zataria multiflora were compared with hydro-alcoholic extract of bark of Taxus baccata and Cisplatin, well-known anticancer compounds, on normal (CHO and rat fibroblast) and cancer (HepG2 and SKOV3) cell lines. The hydro-alcoholic extracts of the plants were prepared by percolation. The cytotoxic effects and IC(50) of the extracts on the cell lines were studied followed by colonogenic assay after 72 h incubation. The results showed that the extract of Juniperus sabina possesses lower IC(50) in comparison with Zataria multiflora extract on all 4 normal and cancer cell lines (P<0.05); but, IC(50) of the Juniperus sabina extract was significantly higher than the Taxus baccata extract and Cisplatin on all 4 normal and cancer cell lines (P<0.05). As a result, it is concluded that the extract of J. sabina has almost similar cytotoxicity with the extract of Taxus baccata on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Iran
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