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Xhaja A, Ahr A, Zeiser I, Ikenberg H. Histology Findings after Two Years of Cytology/HPV Co-Testing in Germany. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2024; 84:357-369. [PMID: 38618577 PMCID: PMC11006558 DOI: 10.1055/a-2265-3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since 1 January 2020, diagnostic confirmation of abnormalities detected in the context of cytology/HPV co-testing in cervical cancer screening under the statutory health insurance scheme in women aged 35 and over has been performed according to predefined algorithms. A colposcopy is indicated even in the case of borderline/low-grade cytological changes and/or HPV persistence. In this article we compare the histology findings after primary screening examinations in 2020/21 with those from 2018/19, thus also comparing the results of two different screening approaches. Patients and Methods Our analysis included all of the cytology, HPV, and histology results from all primary screening examinations, as well as the resulting diagnostic confirmation and curative cases, that could be obtained by 30 June 2023. In 2018/19 these comprised 650600 cytology and 1804 histology findings, and in 2020/21 there were 491450 cytology and 7156 histology findings. The absolute numbers of histology findings and the percentage ratios of these to all cytological diagnoses are presented with comparison factors. Results In 2020/21 there were 5.2 times more histology findings in relation to all previous cytology examinations than in 2018/19, as well as 10.6 times more biopsies, 3.8 times more conizations, and 1.2 times more hysterectomies. There was a particularly high increase in diagnostic confirmation of borderline/low-grade or only HPV-positive findings. With co-testing, 12.7 times more CIN1, 6.4 times more CIN2, and 3.5 times more CIN3 lesions were diagnosed. The proportion of biopsies without dysplasia was 7.6 times higher than in previous years. Cervical carcinomas were diagnosed 1.8 times more frequently, and endometrial carcinomas 0.7 times less frequently. Conclusion More CIN lesions were found with co-testing, but the increase in histology findings of low-grade or no dysplasia was far greater than findings of CIN3. Lesions not requiring treatment accounted for 94.4% of biopsy results in 2020/21. The use of computer-assisted LBC with progression markers could reduce this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjola Xhaja
- CytoMol, MVZ für Zytologie und Molekularbiologie, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - André Ahr
- CytoMol, MVZ für Zytologie und Molekularbiologie, Frankfurt, Germany
- Universitätsfrauenklinik Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ilona Zeiser
- CytoMol, MVZ für Zytologie und Molekularbiologie, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hans Ikenberg
- CytoMol, MVZ für Zytologie und Molekularbiologie, Frankfurt, Germany
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Jain K, Datta C, Sengupta M, Pal DK, Chatterjee U. Quest to develop a standard screening method for urothelial carcinoma using liquid-based cytology (The Paris System) and CK20. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2023; 66:720-726. [PMID: 38084522 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_95_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer, the most common malignancy of the urinary tract is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. But cystoscopy, which is till now the mainstay of screening, is an invasive, high-cost method with low sensitivity especially for flat lesions. Aim To find a non-invasive and effective screening method with liquid-based cytology (LBC) using The Paris System (TPS) and CK20 immunocytochemistry. Materials and Methods It was a prospective study including the patients with clinical or cystoscopic diagnosis of urinary bladder space occupying lesions (SOL). Both conventional (CC) and liquid-based cytology slides were prepared from urine samples. Slides were evaluated by two trained pathologists and categorized according to TPS guidelines. CK20 immunocytochemistry (ICC) was also performed. Consequent formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections were blindly examined by another pathologist and was taken as gold standard for comparison. Statistical Analysis All the statistical analysis were done using MedCalc version 15.8 [Mariakerke, Belgium: MedCalc Software 2015]. Results The study included 150 cases with a mean age of 62.4 years. Five cases revealed unsatisfactory smears. Rest of the cases were categorized as the following: 18.1% as NH-GUC, 8% as LGUN, 22.1% as AUC, 15.4% as SH-GUC, 32.9% as HGUC. Kappa value of CC and LBC were strong (0.854). LBC alone showed very low specificity (58%) and PPV (74.8%) which improved on application of ICC (specificity: 97.4%, PPV: 96.3%). Conclusion We conclude that CK20 ICC offers potential for accurate, non-invasive detection and surveillance of bladder cancer and is a better tool when combined with liquid-based cytology, reported using The Paris System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Jain
- Department of Pathology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chhanda Datta
- Department of Pathology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Pathuthara S, Dighe S, Uke M, Prabhudesai N, Deodhar K, Desai SB. Conventional versus Liquid-based Cytology: "Man versus Machine". J Cytol 2023; 40:169-176. [PMID: 38058665 PMCID: PMC10697311 DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_54_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liquid-based cytology (LBC) can improve adequacy, monolayer quality with a clean background compared to conventional smears (CS). Aims and Objectives The objective was to compare the quality and diagnostic yield of CS and LBC in routine cytological investigations. Materials and Methods This retrospective study consisted of 306 samples (255 gynecological, 39 nongynecological, and 12 fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAC]) during a 2-year period (2019-2020). From each patient, two samples were collected in the same manner in the same sitting and processed by CS and LBC (ThinPrep® 2000, Hologic Inc.). Both CS and LBC were compared for adequacy, quality, representativeness, inflammation, hemorrhage, necrosis, preservation, reactive changes, organisms, atypia/dysplasia/malignancy, and preparation/screening time. Statistical analysis was performed. Results No statistically significant difference was noted for adequacy, representativeness, reactive changes, preservation, and atypia/dysplasia/malignancy. CS was better in cellularity and diagnosis of inflammation and organisms, whereas LBC had a clean background and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0005). Conclusions CS was equivalent to LBC in adequacy, representativeness, reactive changes, and atypia/dysplasia/malignancy. Adequacy comparable to LBC can be achieved in CS by careful sample collection, processing, and screening by trained cytotechnologists. CS was better in detecting organisms and inflammation than LBC. The advantages of LBC were monolayer smear, clean background, and lesser screening time, but the demerit was higher cost and longer processing time. Therefore, LBC is best suited to those laboratories having high sample inadequacy rates, lack of competent cytotechnologists, and no financial constraints. Either man or machine, appropriate and adequate sample collection by trained personnel forms the cornerstone for ensuring adequacy in both CS and LBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Pathuthara
- Department of Cytopathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swati Dighe
- Department of Cytopathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Maya Uke
- Department of Cytopathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neelam Prabhudesai
- Department of Cytopathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kedar Deodhar
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sangeeta B. Desai
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Sarvesan GK, Parthasarathy K, Padhiar C, V H. Genotypic characterization of HPV serotypes in cervical samples from Indian women: a multi centric study. Virusdisease 2023; 34:395-401. [PMID: 37780905 PMCID: PMC10533473 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV infection) plays a important role in causing cervical cancer. Out of 184 different HPV genotypes, 40 diverse types only can cause anogenital infection. HPV present in >99% of cervical cancers with high risk types (16, 18) associated with cancer and Low risk types (6, 11) are associated with genital warts. Aim of the study is to determine the epidemiology of HPV infection in Indian women's population. Three hundred and thirty four liquid based cytology (LBC) samples were collected across India from the different age groups of Indian women. Pap smear, PCR and gene sequencing tests were performed for the collected LBC samples. Low risk serotype 6 (16.7%) were detected compared to other high risk serotypes. Majority of positive cases were observed in the age group between 19 and 39 groups. Northern part of India contributes high (7.1%) in HPV infection compared to other regions of India. Reports from these studies covered few regions of India showing a wide range in the prevalence of HPV infection and serotype distribution due to diversified socio economic and geo climatic conditions. This study aims to identify the epidemiology of HPV in the Indian population and concludes that early and periodic screening of women for HPV can avoid the risk of cervical cancer at the early stage of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Sarvesan
- Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119 India
| | - Krupakar Parthasarathy
- Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119 India
| | | | - HariBalaji V
- Centre for Genomics and Immunomics, VivagenDx Labs, Chennai, 600042 India
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Wang Y, Zhao L, Zhang K, Liu Y, Guo L, Jing W, Hou H, Shi G, Bin Y, Zhang S, Zhang G, Li Q. Micro-histology combined with cytology improves the diagnostic accuracy of endometrial lesions. Cancer Med 2023; 12:17028-17036. [PMID: 37458126 PMCID: PMC10501300 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the study, we aimed to evaluate the ability of micro-histology combined with cytology to improve the quality of slides and diagnose endometrial lesions. METHODS Endometrial specimens were collected from Li Brushes. Every specimen was prepared for micro-histological and cytological slides, using cell block (CB) and liquid-based cytology (LBC) technologies. Semi-quantitative scoring system was used to evaluate the qualities of slides. CB slides were assessed by 5-category scoring system. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated in LBC, CB, and LBC + CB groups based on the histological gold standard. Endometrial atypical hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer were considered positive, whereas others were considered negative. RESULTS A total of 167 patients were enrolled. CB slides were inferior to LBC slides only in cellularity (p < 0.001), but superior in the other six parameters (all p < 0.001). The satisfaction rate of micro-histology accounted for 92.3%. The accuracy index in the CB group was higher than in the LBC group in terms of sensitivity (85.5% vs. 82.7%) and specificity (98.9% vs. 95.7%). The sensitivity and specificity in the LBC + CB group were increased to 94.2% and 99.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The quality of micro-histological slides was higher than that of cytological slides. By combining micro-histology with cytology, higher accuracy was achieved for endometrial lesions diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Lanbo Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Kailu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Wei Jing
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Huilian Hou
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Guizhi Shi
- Aviation General Hospital of BeijingMedical University and Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yadi Bin
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Qiling Li
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Mapitigama N, Moonesinghe LN, Punchihewa R, Perera C. A Descriptive Study of Different Methods of Cervical Cancer Screening among Ever-Married Women in 35-Year and 45-Year Cohorts in Kalutara District, Sri Lanka. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1487-1493. [PMID: 37247267 PMCID: PMC10495884 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.5.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screening for cervical cancer in Sri Lankan females with Pap smears (conventional cytology) has shown no marked reduction in cervical cancer incidence over the past two decades. The study aims to compare the efficacy of Pap smear, with other screening tools such as Liquid Based Cytology (LBC) and Human Papilloma Virus/deoxyribonucleic acid (HPV/DNA) (using cobas 4800) in detection of underlying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer among 35 and 45 year old ever married women in Kalutara districtin Sri Lanka. METHODS Women from 35-year cohort and 45-year cohort were selected from all Public Health Midwife areas (n=413) in Kalutara district by random sampling. Pap smear, LBC, and HPV/DNA specimen were collected s from women who attended the Well Woman Clinics (WWC) . Women with positive results from any method were confirmed by colposcopy. Results: Of the, 510 and 502 women in the 35-year cohort and 45-year cohort, respectively, included in the analysis, nine women among 35-year cohort (1.8%) and 7 women among 45-year cohort (1.4%) had cytological abnormality (positive results) with Pap smears. Thirteen women among 35-year cohort (2.5%) and 10 women among 45-year cohort (2%) age groups had cytological abnormality (positive results) with Liquid Based Cytology reports. Total of 32 women among 35-year cohort (6.2%) and 24 women among 45-year cohort (4.8%) were positive for HPV/DNA test. Of the women tested positive on screening, colposcopy revealed that HPV/DNA method was superior to Pap and LBC for detecting CIN while the results of latter two were comparable. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The CIN detection rate by colposcopy was high with HPV/DNA screening with cobas 4800, whereas the detection rate by LBC was insignificantly higher than Pap smears.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramani Punchihewa
- Consultant Histopathologist, National Hospital of Respiratory Diseases, Sri Lanka.
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Dang L, Kong L, Zhao Y, Dai Y, Ma L, Wei L, Zhang S, Liu J, Xi M, Chen L, Duan X, Xiao Q, Abulizi G, Zhang G, Hong Y, Zhou Q, Xie X, Li L, Niyazi M, Zhang Z, Tuo J, Ding Y, Qiao Y, Lang J. Evaluation of triage strategies for high-risk human papillomavirus-positive women in cervical cancer screening: A multicenter randomized controlled trial in different resource settings in China. Chin J Cancer Res 2022; 34:496-509. [PMID: 36398123 PMCID: PMC9646459 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2022.05.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different triage strategies for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-positive women in primary healthcare settings in China. METHODS This study was undertaken in 11 rural and 9 urban sites. Women aged 35-64 years old were enrolled. HrHPV-positive women were randomly allocated to liquid-based cytology (LBC), visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI) (rural only) triage, or directly referred to colposcopy (direct COLP). At 24 months, hrHPV testing, LBC and VIA/VILI were conducted for combined screening. RESULTS In rural sites, 1,949 hrHPV-positive women were analyzed. A total of 852, 218 and 480 women were randomly assigned to direct COLP, LBC and VIA/VILI. At baseline, colposcopy referral rates of LBC or VIA/VILI triage could be reduced by 70%-80%. LBC (n=3 and n=7) or VIA/VILI (n=8 and n=26) could significantly decrease the number of colposcopies needed to detect one cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or worse and CIN3+ compared with direct COLP (n=14 and n=23). For the 24-month cumulative detection rate of CIN2+, VIA/VILI triage was 0.50-fold compared with LBC triage and 0.46-fold with the direct COLP. When stratified by age, baseline LBC triage+ performed best (P<0.001), peaking among women aged 35-44 years (Ptrend=0.002). In urban sites, 1,728 women were hrHPV genotyping test positive. A total of 408, 571 and 568 women were randomly assigned to direct COLP for HPV16/18+, direct COLP for other hrHPV subtypes+, and LBC triage for other hrHPV subtypes+. LBC (n=12 and n=31) significantly decreased the number of colposcopies needed to detect one CIN2+ and CIN3+ compared with direct COLP (n=14 and n=44). HPV16/18+ increased the 24-month cumulative detection rate of CIN2+ (17.89%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS LBC triage for hrHPV-positive women in rural settings and direct COLP for HPV16/18+ women and LBC triage for other hrHPV subtype+ women in urban settings might be feasible strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Dang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Linghua Kong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuqian Zhao
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shulan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Mingrong Xi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Normal University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xianzhi Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Eight Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Guzhalinuer Abulizi
- 5th Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Guonan Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital/Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Mayinuer Niyazi
- Department of Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Zhifen Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jiyu Tuo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yiling Ding
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Youlin Qiao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jinghe Lang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Ondič O, Černá K, Kinkorová-Luňáčková I, Němcová J, Mejchar B, Chytra J, Bouda J. SARS-CoV-2 RNA may rarely be present in a uterine cervix LBC sample at the asymptomatic early stage of COVID 19 disease. Cytopathology 2021; 32:766-770. [PMID: 34033165 PMCID: PMC8237001 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Currently, it is thought that uterine cervix mucosal samples present a low risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure. So far, there is no evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 detection in Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Nevertheless, clinicians could be exposed unaware to the coronavirus while performing and handling a Pap smear. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in cervical liquid‐based cytology (LBC) samples in women who tested positive for a nasopharyngeal COVID‐19 PCR test. Methods From our laboratory database, we identified patients with data on a cervical cancer screening LBC sample paired with a positive nasopharyngeal COVID‐19 PCR test. Relevant LBC samples taken within an incubation period of 14 days and post‐onset RNA shedding interval of 25 days were subsequently tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA using RT‐PCR tests. Results The study group consisted of 102 women. Of those, 23 LBC samples were tested. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected in one LBC sample from a 26‐year‐old asymptomatic woman taken six days before reporting headaches and knee arthralgia with a positive nasopharyngeal SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR test. Conclusions It is possible to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in cervical LBC samples at an early asymptomatic stage of COVID‐19. In general, this finding is infrequent in asymptomatic women who tested SARS‐CoV‐2 positive within an incubation of 14 days and a post‐onset RNA shedding period of 25 days. We fully support the current thinking that cervical LBC samples from asymptomatic women pose a low risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure and can be handled in the frame of good microbiological practice and procedures. This is the first dedicated study of the infectious potential of COVID‐19 in PAP smears. It includes one positive liquid‐based cytology sample paired with a positive nasopharyngeal swab RT‐ PCR SARS CoV‐2 test. The significance of this finding is discussed. Finally, the current approach to handling LBC samples is reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Ondič
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Charles University and Charles University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Bioptická Laboratoř, s.r.o., Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Černá
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Charles University and Charles University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Bioptická Laboratoř, s.r.o., Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jana Němcová
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Charles University and Charles University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Bioptická Laboratoř, s.r.o., Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Chytra
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Charles University and Charles University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bouda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Charles University and Charles University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Sonbarse PP, Kiran K, Sharma P, Parvatam G. Biochemical and molecular insights of PGPR application for the augmentation of carotenoids, tocopherols, and folate in the foliage of Moringa oleifera. Phytochemistry 2020; 179:112506. [PMID: 32920264 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) were utilized to contemplate their impact on the foliage of Moringa oleifera and examined for changes in tocopherols, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and folate in the sixth week. Among the eight treatments, Bacillus subtilis GB03, B. pumilus SE34, B. pumilus T4, and Pseudomonas fluorescens UOM14 improved α-tocopherol (10-14 fold) and β-carotene (1-1.40 fold) altogether significantly (P ≤ 0.05). The most significant improvement in folate content was apparent for B. subtilis IN937B (5.47 fold) trailed by B. pumilus SE34 (5.05 fold) and B. pumilus T4 (5.12 fold) treatments. P. fluorescens UOM14 indicated remarkable improvement in Chl a (0.39 fold) and Chl b (0.44 fold) content. Organisms showing a significant increase for the analyzed molecules in individual treatment were blended in different combinations and were used for the next set of treatments. Of all the three combinations, Combination 2 (COM2-B. pumilus SE34 + B. pumilus T4 + B. pumilus INR7) showed the maximum increase in α-tocopherol (8.46 fold) and γ-tocopherol (8.45 fold), followed by Combination 3 (COM3-B. pumilus SE34 + B. pumilus T4 + P. fluorescens UOM14) (5.93 and 3.65 fold). On the whole COM2 containing different strains of B. pumilus was found to enhance the targeted metabolites in foliage significantly. Real-time PCR studies were conducted for the biochemical pathway genes of the targeted molecules, including, γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT), phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS), lycopene β cyclase (LBC) and dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS). All the selected genes exhibited an up-regulation compared to control, similar to the biochemical output. Our investigation provides the strong evidence that PGPR can be viably utilized in combination to enhance the quality of the food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka P Sonbarse
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India; Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Kamireddy Kiran
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India; Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Preksha Sharma
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Giridhar Parvatam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India; Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India.
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Miyamoto K, Matsumoto K, Kato H, Yoshida R, Umeda Y, Inoue H, Tanaka T, Matsumi A, Saragai Y, Fujii Y, Yamazaki T, Uchida D, Tomoda T, Horiguchi S, Yagi T, Okada H. The efficacy of pancreatic juice cytology with liquid-based cytology for evaluating malignancy in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:319. [PMID: 32993498 PMCID: PMC7525993 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic juice cytology (PJC) is a tool for diagnosing malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN); however, the accuracy is insufficient using the conventional method. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) improves the cell recovery rate, and almost all cells can be evaluated. We evaluated the efficacy of PJC with LBC for malignant IPMN. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 90 patients with suspected malignant IPMN who underwent PJC before pancreatectomy. PJC with smear and LBC methods was conducted in 52 patients (between June 2003 to December 2011) and 38 patients (between January 2012 to December 2018). Based on the imaging studies, all of the patients were classified according to the international consensus guidelines for IPMN revised in 2017. Results Of the 90 patients, 43 (48%) had malignant IPMN (high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma), and the remaining patients had non-malignant IPMN (intermediate- or low-grade dysplasia). LBC increased the accuracy of PJC for the diagnosis of malignant IPMN (smear method: 56% [29/52] vs. LBC method: 76% [29/38]; P = 0.044). In a multivariate analysis, LBC was a significant factor influencing the accurate diagnosis of PJC (odds ratio: 3.52; P = 0.021). Furthermore, LBC increased the accuracy of PJC for malignant IPMN in patients with worrisome features (smear method: 66% [19/29] vs. LBC method: 93% [14/15]; P = 0.043). Conclusions LBC increases the accuracy of PJC for diagnosing malignant IPMN compared with the conventional smear method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Hironari Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuzo Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hirohumi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yosuke Saragai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Yamazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daisuke Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shigeru Horiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takahito Yagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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Tesfaw G, Ahmed Y, Gedefaw L, Dube L, Godu S, Eshetu K, Nigussie M, Hailekiros H, Joloba M, Goba G, Abdissa A. Liquid-based cytology for the detection of cervical intraepithelial lesions in Jimma town, Ethiopia. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:706. [PMID: 32727507 PMCID: PMC7391806 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is the second leading type of female cancer in Ethiopia. Screening for cervical cancer is primarily conducted using visual inspection with 5% acetic acid (VIA). Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is not yet widely used in Ethiopia. Method Women aged 21–65 years were tested using LBC and VIA to detect cervical dysplasia. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associated factors. Cohen’s Kappa test was conducted to test agreement between LBC and VIA. Results Forty-two percent (n = 188) of 448 participants were 31 to 40 years of age and only two participants were above 60. Of the 448 participants, 419 (93.5%) were tested with LBC, 294 (65.6%) VIA and 272 (60.7%) with both LBC and VIA. Among women screened using LBC, 305 (72.8%) were negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), 97 (23.2%) had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and 17 (4.1%) had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Presence of cervical lesions was generally lower in younger and older women. Majority, 39 (40%) of women with LSIL and 10 (59%) with HSIL were 41–50 years of age. Women aged 51–60 were more likely to have abnormal intraepithelial lesions compared to women aged 21–30 (AOR = 20.9, 95% CI = [7.2–60.9], p = 0.00). Out of 47 (10.8%) HIV-positive women, 14 (32.56%) had intraepithelial lesions of which 10 (23.3%) and 4 (9.3%) had LSIL and HSIL, respectively. Among women screened with VIA, 18 (6.1%) were positive; among the 272 (60.7%) women screened using both LBC and VIA, 6 (2.2%) were positive on both LBC and VIA tests. The level of agreement between the two tests was weak at a statistically significant level (kappa value = 0.155, p = 0.006). Conclusion LBC demonstrated high rates of cervical squamous intra-epithelial lesions in our study. VIA was a less reliable predictor of cervical squamous intra-epithelial lesions than LBC. Evaluating diagnostic accuracy of both LBC and VIA against a histological endpoint should be completed before adopting either or both screening modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getnet Tesfaw
- Jimma University, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, PO Box =378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Yesuf Ahmed
- Jimma University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Lealem Gedefaw
- Jimma University, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, PO Box =378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Lamessa Dube
- Jimma University, Department of Epidemiology, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Samson Godu
- Jimma University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Kirubel Eshetu
- International Clinical Laboratories, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Haftamu Hailekiros
- Mekelle University, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Moses Joloba
- Department of Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gelila Goba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Alemseged Abdissa
- Jimma University, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, PO Box =378, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Akahane T, Kitazono I, Yanazume S, Kamio M, Togami S, Sakamoto I, Nohara S, Yokoyama S, Kobayashi H, Hiraki T, Suzuki S, Ueno S, Tanimoto A. Next-generation sequencing analysis of endometrial screening liquid-based cytology specimens: a comparative study to tissue specimens. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:101. [PMID: 32652986 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is now a widely used method for cytologic screening and cancer diagnosis. Since the cells are fixed with alcohol-based fixatives, and the specimens are stored in a liquid condition, LBC specimens are suitable for genetic analyses. Methods Here, we established a small cancer gene panel, including 60 genes and 17 microsatellite markers for next-generation sequencing, and applied to residual LBC specimens obtained by endometrial cancer screening to compare with corresponding formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Results A total of 49 FFPE and LBC specimens (n = 24) were analyzed, revealing characteristic mutations for endometrial cancer, including PTEN, CTNNB1, PIK3CA, and PIK3R1 mutations. Eight cases had higher scores for both tumor mutation burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI), which agree with defective mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression. Paired endometrial LBC, and biopsied and/or resected FFPE tissues from 7 cases, presented almost identical mutations, TMB, and MSI profiles in all cases. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that our ad hoc cancer gene panel enabled the detection of therapeutically actionable gene mutations in endometrial LBC and FFPE specimens. Endometrial cancer LBC specimens offer an alternative and affordable source of molecular testing materials.
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Kyrchanova O, Wolle D, Sabirov M, Kurbidaeva A, Aoki T, Maksimenko O, Kyrchanova M, Georgiev P, Schedl P. Distinct Elements Confer the Blocking and Bypass Functions of the Bithorax Fab-8 Boundary. Genetics 2019; 213:865-876. [PMID: 31551239 PMCID: PMC6827379 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Boundaries in the Drosophila bithorax complex (BX-C) enable the regulatory domains that drive parasegment-specific expression of the three Hox genes to function autonomously. The four regulatory domains (iab-5, iab-6, iab-7, and iab-8) that control the expression of the Abdominal-B (Abd-B) gene are located downstream of the transcription unit, and are delimited by the Mcp, Fab-6, Fab-7, and Fab-8 boundaries. These boundaries function to block cross talk between neighboring regulatory domains. In addition, three of the boundaries (Fab-6, Fab-7, and Fab-8) must also have bypass activity so that regulatory domains distal to the boundaries can contact the Abd-B promoter. In the studies reported here, we have undertaken a functional dissection of the Fab-8 boundary using a boundary-replacement strategy. Our studies indicate that the Fab-8 boundary has two separable subelements. The distal subelement blocks cross talk, but cannot support bypass. The proximal subelement has only minimal blocking activity but is able to mediate bypass. A large multiprotein complex, the LBC (large boundary complex), binds to sequences in the proximal subelement and contributes to its bypass activity. The same LBC complex has been implicated in the bypass activity of the Fab-7 boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kyrchanova
- Department of the Control of Genetic Processes, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Daniel Wolle
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544
| | - Marat Sabirov
- Department of the Control of Genetic Processes, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Amina Kurbidaeva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544
| | - Tsutomu Aoki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544
| | - Oksana Maksimenko
- Department of the Control of Genetic Processes, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Maria Kyrchanova
- Department of the Control of Genetic Processes, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Pavel Georgiev
- Department of the Control of Genetic Processes, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Paul Schedl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
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Dinas K, Pratilas GC, Nasioutziki M, Vavoulidis E, Makris V, Loufopoulos PD, Kalder M. Clinical Significance of Fine Needle Aspiration in Managing Patients with Breast Lesions. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2018; 60:364-72. [PMID: 30355841 DOI: 10.2478/folmed-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been and still is challenged about its role in the management of breast lesions. Guidelines today mandate that breast lesions should be managed with a triple assessment system consisting of clinical, radiological, and pathological evaluation. AIM This article will try and clarify whether FNAC stands as a tool in this assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed was searched for articles concerning prospective, retrospective and review studies about clinical applications of FNAC. RESULTS Specialists agree and evidence occurs that FNAC could be the examination of first choice in matters of pathological evaluation. CONCLUSIONS It is an easily performed, patient-friendly and cheap examination. It can successfully and quite quickly filter out benign breast conditions without any further cost or stress to the patient. In cases with inconclusive results or insufficient samples it should be followed by needle core biopsy (NCB). As a method, it has its limitations. It cannot directly provide information about tissue architecture, and identify certain breast conditions. Modern developments in liquid based cytology (LBC) upgrade its role in neoadjuvant chemotherapy too. In order to have satisfactory results, high levels of experience are required.
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Kyrchanova O, Sabirov M, Mogila V, Kurbidaeva A, Postika N, Maksimenko O, Schedl P, Georgiev P. Complete reconstitution of bypass and blocking functions in a minimal artificial Fab-7 insulator from Drosophila bithorax complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13462-7. [PMID: 31209019 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907190116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Boundaries in the bithorax complex (BX-C) delimit autonomous regulatory domains that drive parasegment-specific expression of the Hox genes Ubx, abd-A, and Abd-B The Fab-7 boundary is located between the iab-6 and iab-7 domains and has two key functions: blocking cross-talk between these domains and at the same time promoting communication (boundary bypass) between iab-6 and the Abd-B promoter. Using a replacement strategy, we found that multimerized binding sites for the architectural proteins Pita, Su(Hw), and dCTCF function as conventional insulators and block cross-talk between the iab-6 and iab-7 domains; however, they lack bypass activity, and iab-6 is unable to regulate Abd-B Here we show that an ∼200-bp sequence of dHS1 from the Fab-7 boundary rescues the bypass defects of these multimerized binding sites. The dHS1 sequence is bound in embryos by a large multiprotein complex, Late Boundary Complex (LBC), that contains the zinc finger proteins CLAMP and GAF. Using deletions and mutations in critical GAGAG motifs, we show that bypass activity correlates with the efficiency of recruitment of LBC components CLAMP and GAF to the artificial boundary. These results indicate that LBC orchestrates long-distance communication between the iab-6 regulatory domain and the Abd-B gene, while the Pita, Su(Hw), and dCTCF proteins function to block local cross-talk between the neighboring regulatory domains iab-6 and iab-7.
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Keloth T, Gochhait D, Sivaranjani S, Siddaraju N. Liquid-based cytology of pigmented phaeohyphomycotic lesion of the palm masquerading as a metastatic tumor. Diagn Cytopathol 2019; 47:828-830. [PMID: 31009173 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phaeohyphomycosis is a chronic subcutaneous fungal infection caused by dematiaceous fungi, commonly involving the extremities, which present as single or multiple lesions mimicking a benign tumor. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an easy method for the diagnosis of the lesion. Morphology of the fungus is characteristic with no difficulty for cytopathologist for identification; with a close differential diagnosis of Candida and Aspergillosis. The special stains like periodic acid schiff (PAS) highlights the fungus and the Masson Fontana confirm the melanin pigment and dematiaceous nature of the fungi. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) preparation of the aspirated material was attempted, which is not usually performed on day to day basis. However, in our case the conventional smears were better for appreciating the fungal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thara Keloth
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Debasis Gochhait
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - S Sivaranjani
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Neelaiah Siddaraju
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Tang W, Wang G, Hu T, Dai Q, Xu J, Yang Y, Xu J. Mental health and psychosocial problems among Chinese left-behind children: A cross-sectional comparative study. J Affect Disord 2018; 241:133-41. [PMID: 30121025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Separation from migrant parents threatens the mental health of approximately 61 million left-behind children (LBC) in China. This study compared the prevalence of mental health and psychosocial problems between LBC and controls in Sichuan province, China. METHODS We randomly recruited LBC and adolescents aged 12-16 years old from 16 rural high schools in 8 counties in Sichuan province. We compared frequency of school bullying, self-esteem, panic symptoms, depression and severe psychological distress(SPD) between LBC and controls from the same schools. These variables were assessed through face-to-face interviews and self-report questionnaires. RESULTS The prevalence of mental health problems was 43.4% among LBC(n = 1663) but 30.8% among controls(n = 1683), and the prevalence of specific psychological symptoms was also higher among LBC: SPD, 12.1% vs. 4.8%; panic, 32.4% vs. 22.1%; and depressive symptoms, 26.5% vs. 16.3%. Low self-esteem was more prevalent among LBC(26.6% vs. 18.2%) as was severe school bullying(18.5% vs. 11.3%). Among LBC, low self-esteem was associated with an increased risk of depression or SPD, and school bullying was a significant predictor of depression, panic symptoms and SPD. Low self-esteem and depression increased with longer separation from parents, and this risk was higher when the primary caregivers were LBC themselves or relatives compared to single parents or grandparents. LIMITATION LBC misbehavior, such as internet addiction, smoking and drinking, may also explain our findings; these factors need to be explored in future studies. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the urgent need for school-based and targeted interventions for LBC to prevent negative mental health outcomes.
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Yamashiro K, Taira K, Nakajima M, Azuma M, Koseki M, Abe T, Suzuki H, Minami K, Harabayashi T, Nagamori S. Voided urine cytology and low-grade urothelial neoplasia of the bladder: factors that influence the sensitivity. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2016; 5:227-234. [PMID: 31042513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of this study were to show the 10-year results of voided urine cytology (VUC) performed using liquid-based cytology (LBC) with CytoRich Red and to discuss the factors that influence the sensitivity of low-grade urothelial neoplasia (LGUN) of the urinary bladder. MATERIALS AND METHOD We calculated the sensitivity of VUC in 421 histologically confirmed cases included in the pathology database of Hokkaido Cancer Center in Japan and studied various factors influencing sensitivity. RESULTS The cumulative sensitivity of VUC was 95.8% in 143 cases of primary high-grade urothelial carcinomas, compared with 59.5% in 74 cases of LGUN. These findings were only slightly different from the previous results of Koss et al. The sensitivity in LGUN, however, showed lower values in some conditions, including in secondary cases, with a lower frequency of examinations and smaller tumor volumes. LBC preparations allowed us to observe a greater number of tumor cells and cell clusters than conventional methods in LGUN cases. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity of VUC can be improved by increasing the frequency of examinations and adopting a valid preparation method in order to augment the number of cells and cell clusters on individual glass slides. LBC preparations may allow cytopathologists to obtain a better sense for and understanding of the cytologic findings of LGUN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiyomi Taira
- Division of Pathology, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Manami Nakajima
- Division of Pathology, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Manabu Azuma
- Division of Pathology, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miho Koseki
- Division of Pathology, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tamami Abe
- Division of Pathology, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Division of Pathology, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keita Minami
- Division of Urology, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
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van der Post RS, Vogelaar IP, Manders P, van der Kolk LE, Cats A, van Hest LP, Sijmons R, Aalfs CM, Ausems MGEM, Gómez García EB, Wagner A, Hes FJ, Arts N, Mensenkamp AR, van Krieken JH, Hoogerbrugge N, Ligtenberg MJL. Accuracy of Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer Testing Criteria and Outcomes in Patients With a Germline Mutation in CDH1. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:897-906.e19. [PMID: 26072394 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Germline mutations in the cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin gene (CDH1) cause a predisposition to gastric cancer. We evaluated the ability of the internationally accepted hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) criteria to identify individuals with pathogenic mutations in CDH1, and assessed their outcomes. The criteria were as follows: families with 2 or more cases of gastric cancer, with at least 1 patient diagnosed with diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) before age 50; families with 3 or more cases of DGC; families with 1 DGC before the age of 40; and families with a history of DGC and lobular breast cancer, with 1 diagnosis before the age of 50. METHODS We collected results of a CDH1 mutation analysis of 578 individuals from 499 families tested in The Netherlands between 1999 and 2014 (118 families met the HDGC criteria for testing and 236 did not; there were 145 families with incomplete data and/or availability of only first-degree relatives). Data were linked with family histories and findings from clinical and pathology analyses. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the overall survival of patients with and without CDH1 mutations. RESULTS In a cohort study in The Netherlands, the HDGC criteria identified individuals with a germline CDH1 mutation with a positive predictive value of 14% and 89% sensitivity. There were 18 pathogenic CDH1 mutations in 499 families (4%); 16 of these mutations were detected in the 118 families who met the HDGC criteria for testing. One pathogenic CDH1 mutation was detected in the 236 families who did not meet HDGC criteria and 1 in the 145 families with incomplete data and/or availability of only first-degree relatives. No CDH1 mutations were found in the 67 families whose members developed intestinal-type gastric cancer, or in the 22 families whose families developed lobular breast cancer. Among patients who fulfilled the HDGC criteria and had pathogenic CDH1 mutations, 36% survived for 1 year and 4% survived for 5 years; among patients who fulfilled the HDGC criteria but did not carry pathogenic CDH1 mutations, 48% survived for 1 year and 13% survived for 5 years (P = .014 for comparative survival analysis between patients with and without a CDH1 mutation). CONCLUSIONS All individuals with a CDH1 mutation had a personal or family history of diffuse gastric cancer. Patients with gastric cancer and germline CDH1 mutations had shorter survival times than patients who met the HDGC criteria but did not have CDH1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S van der Post
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid P Vogelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peggy Manders
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lizet E van der Kolk
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Cats
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte P van Hest
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Sijmons
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cora M Aalfs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet G E M Ausems
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Encarna B Gómez García
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Wagner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J Hes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje Arts
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Han van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoline Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn J L Ligtenberg
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Bryant D, Tristram A, Liloglou T, Hibbitts S, Fiander A, Powell N. Quantitative measurement of Human Papillomavirus type 16 L1/L2 DNA methylation correlates with cervical disease grade. J Clin Virol 2013; 59:24-9. [PMID: 24268385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 causes the majority of cervical cancers. Genital HPV infection is very common, but neoplastic progression is uncommon. There is an urgent need to identify biomarkers associated with cervical neoplasia that can be used to triage women who test positive for HPV. OBJECTIVES To assess the ability of quantitative measurement of HPV16 DNA methylation to separate samples of different cytology grades and cervical cancers, and determine which of the assessed regions of the HPV genome and individual CpGs are most informative. STUDY DESIGN DNA methylation was quantified by pyrosequencing of bisulphite converted DNA from liquid based cytology samples from 17 women with normal cytology and 20 women with severe dyskaryosis, and from fixed tissue from 24 women with cervical cancer. Methylation was assessed in the HPV Long Control Region (LCR), E2 and L1/L2 regions. RESULTS In cervical cancers, increased HPV DNA methylation was present in all regions. Increased methylation was also observed in severely dyskaryotic relative to normal samples, but only in the E2 and L1/L2 regions. The ability of methylation based classifiers to separate the three classes of material was assessed by ROC curve analyses. The best separation between normal and dyskaryotic samples was achieved by assessment of the L1/L2 CpGs at nucleotide positions 5600 and 5609 (AUC=0.900, 95% CI: 0.793-1). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the potential of quantification of HPV DNA methylation as a biomarker of cervical neoplasia. An algorithm considering methylation at specific L1/L2 CpGs appeared the most promising model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ned Powell
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK.
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Zhao C, Li Z, Austin RM. Cervical screening test results associated with 265 histopathologic diagnoses of cervical glandular neoplasia. Am J Clin Pathol 2013; 140:47-54. [PMID: 23765533 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpip9m8hpvbssc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To document screening test histories of women with histopathologic cervical glandular neoplasia (CGN) in a large integrated health system using new methods of cervical screening. METHODS Cervical screening test results were reviewed for 265 patients with histopathologic diagnoses of CGN, including 168 adenocarcinoma in situ, 80 invasive cervical adenocarcinoma, and 17 invasive cervical adenosquamous carcinoma cases. RESULTS Among 222 cases with known triggers of diagnostic studies, 211 (95%) had recent abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) test results. Glandular cell abnormalities were the most common recent abnormal Pap test finding in 130 (61.6%) of 211; squamous cell abnormalities alone were documented in 81 (38.4%) of 211, reflecting coexisting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in 60% of CGN cases. Among 114 CGN cases with additional Pap tests more than 4 months to 3 years before CGN diagnosis, 70 (61.4%) had only earlier negative Pap test results. Among 72 CGN cases with recent human papillomavirus (HPV) test results, 70 (97.2%) tested HPV positive. Among 29 CGN cases with HPV test results more than 4 months to 3 years before CGN diagnosis, 25 (86.2%) tested HPV positive. CONCLUSIONS Conservative cytologic screening practices and HPV cotesting can facilitate early diagnoses of CGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengquan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - R. Marshall Austin
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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