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Kumar V, Majee A, Patwal P, Sairem B, Sane AP, Sane VA. A GARP transcription factor SlGCC positively regulates lateral root development in tomato via auxin-ethylene interplay. Planta 2024; 259:55. [PMID: 38300324 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION SlGCC, a GARP transcription factor, functions as a root-related transcriptional repressor. SlGCC synchronizes auxin and ethylene signaling involving SlPIN3 and SlIAA3 as intermediate targets sketching a molecular map for lateral root development in tomato. The root system is crucial for growth and development of plants as it performs basic functions such as providing mechanical support, nutrients and water uptake, pathogen resistance and responds to various stresses. SlGCC, a GARP family transcription factor (TF), exhibited predominant expression in age-dependent (initial to mature stages) tomato root. SlGCC is a transcriptional repressor and is regulated at a transcriptional and translational level by auxin and ethylene. Auxin and ethylene mediated SlGCC protein stability is governed via proteasome degradation pathway during lateral root (LR) growth development. SlGCC over-expressor (OE) and under-expressed (UE) tomato transgenic lines demonstrate its role in LR development. This study is an attempt to unravel the vital role of SlGCC in regulating tomato LR architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, India
| | - Adity Majee
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pooja Patwal
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Babythoihoi Sairem
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Aniruddha P Sane
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vidhu A Sane
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Winter Z, Bellande K, Vermeer JEM. Divided by fate: The interplay between division orientation and cell shape underlying lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2023; 74:102370. [PMID: 37121154 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of lateral roots starts with a round of anticlinal, asymmetric cell divisions in lateral root founder cells in the pericycle, deep within the root. The reorientation of the cell division plane occurs in parallel with changes in cell shape and needs to be coordinated with its direct neighbor, the endodermis. This accommodation response requires the integration of biochemical and mechanical signals in both cell types. Recently, it was reported that dynamic changes in the cytoskeleton and possibly the cell wall are part of the molecular mechanism required to correctly orient and position the cell division plane. Here we discuss the latest progress made towards our understanding of the regulation of cell shape and division plane orientation underlying lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Winter
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Bellande
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Joop E M Vermeer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Torres-Martínez HH, Napsucialy-Mendivil S, Dubrovsky JG. Cellular and molecular bases of lateral root initiation and morphogenesis. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2022; 65:102115. [PMID: 34742019 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lateral root development is essential for the establishment of the plant root system. Lateral root initiation is a multistep process that impacts early primordium morphogenesis and is linked to the formation of a morphogenetic field of pericycle founder cells. Gradual recruitment of founder cells builds this morphogenetic field in an auxin-dependent manner. The complex process of lateral root primordium morphogenesis includes several subprocesses, which are presented in this review. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of these subprocesses are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor H Torres-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Selene Napsucialy-Mendivil
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Joseph G Dubrovsky
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, 62210, Morelos, Mexico.
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Liu Y, von Wirén N. Integration of nutrient and water availabilities via auxin into the root developmental program. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2022; 65:102117. [PMID: 34624806 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In most soils, the spatial distribution of nutrients and water in the rooting zone of plants is heterogeneous and changes over time. To access localized resources more efficiently, plants induce foraging responses by modulating individual morphological root traits, such as the length of the primary root or the number and length of lateral roots. These adaptive responses require the integration of exogenous and endogenous nutrient- or water-related signals into the root developmental program. Recent studies corroborated a central role of auxin in shaping root architectural traits in response to fluctuating nutrient and water availabilities. In this review, we highlight current knowledge on nutrient- and water-related developmental processes that impact root foraging and involve auxin as a central player. A deeper understanding and exploitation of these auxin-related processes and mechanisms promises advances in crop breeding for higher resource efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany.
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Chen X, Zhang M, Wang M, Tan G, Zhang M, Hou YX, Wang B, Li Z. The effects of mepiquat chloride on the lateral root initiation of cotton seedlings are associated with auxin and auxin-conjugate homeostasis. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:361. [PMID: 30563457 PMCID: PMC6299555 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mepiquat chloride (MC) is a plant growth regulator widely used in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production to suppress excessive vegetative growth, increase root growth and avoid yield losses. To increase root growth, cotton seeds were treated with MC to increase the number of lateral root (LRs) and improve drought resistance. An increased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) pool appeared to correlate with LR growth, and the principal source of IAA in germinating seeds is IAA conjugates. Here, the role of IAA homeostasis and signaling was investigated in cotton seedlings treated with MC. RESULTS In the present research, MC significantly increased endogenous IAA levels in the roots, which promoted lateral root initiation (LRI) by upregulating GhARF7/19 and GhLBD18s and subsequently increasing LR quantity and elongation. The levels of IAA-amide conjugates significantly decreased in MC-treated seedlings compared with untreated control seedlings. Sixteen members of the cotton IAA amidohydrolase (IAH) gene family were identified, of which GhIAR3a, GhIAR3b, GhILR1, GhILL3 and GhILL6 were expressed during cotton seed germination. Compared with those in untreated control seedlings, the expression levels of GhIAR3a, GhIAR3b, GhILR1 and GhILL6 in the MC-treated seedlings were markedly elevated. The GhIAR3a/b and GhILR1 genes were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli; these recombinant proteins exhibited hydrolytic activity that could cleave IAA-phenyalanine (Phe), IAA-methionine (Met), IAA-glycine (Gly) and IAA-leucine (Leu) in vitro, while only GhIAR3a hydrolyzed IAA-alanine (Ala) efficiently. The content of GhIAR3a, as detected via an established sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), increased in the MC-treated seedlings compared with the untreated control seedlings. In addition, the Arabidopsis iar3 mutant was less responsive to MC-induced LR growth than was wild type. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that MC application could mediate IAA homeostasis via increased IAA levels from IAA-amide conjugate hydrolysis by accelerating IAH gene expression, which might promote LRI and increase the LR quantity and elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Mian Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Guiyu Tan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yu Xia Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Baomin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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Alarcón MV, Lloret PG, Martín-Partido G, Salguero J. The initiation of lateral roots in the primary roots of maize (Zea mays L.) implies a reactivation of cell proliferation in a group of founder pericycle cells. J Plant Physiol 2016; 192:105-10. [PMID: 26905196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of lateral roots (LRs) has generally been viewed as a reactivation of proliferative activity in pericycle cells that are committed to initiate primordia. However, it is also possible that pericycle founder cells that initiate LRs never cease proliferative activity but rather are displaced to the most distal root zones while undertaking successive stages of LR initiation. In this study, we tested these two alternative hypotheses by examining the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) into the DNA of meristematic root cells of Zea mays. According to the values for the length of the cell cycle and values for cell displacement along the maize root, our results strongly suggest that pericycle cells that initiate LR primordia ceased proliferative activity upon exiting the meristematic zone. This finding is supported by the existence of a root zone between 4 and 20mm from the root cap junction, in which neither mitotic cells nor labelled nuclei were observed in phloem pericycle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Alarcón
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación La Orden (CICYTEX), Gobierno de Extremadura, 06187 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Pedro G Lloret
- Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Gervasio Martín-Partido
- Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Julio Salguero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Ecología y Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Extremadura, 06007 Badajoz, Spain.
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Ivanchenko MG, Zhu J, Wang B, Medvecká E, Du Y, Azzarello E, Mancuso S, Megraw M, Filichkin S, Dubrovsky JG, Friml J, Geisler M. The cyclophilin A DIAGEOTROPICA gene affects auxin transport in both root and shoot to control lateral root formation. Development 2015; 142:712-21. [PMID: 25617431 DOI: 10.1242/dev.113225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin A is a conserved peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) best known as the cellular receptor of the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A. Despite significant effort, evidence of developmental functions of cyclophilin A in non-plant systems has remained obscure. Mutations in a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cyclophilin A ortholog, DIAGEOTROPICA (DGT), have been shown to abolish the organogenesis of lateral roots; however, a mechanistic explanation of the phenotype is lacking. Here, we show that the dgt mutant lacks auxin maxima relevant to priming and specification of lateral root founder cells. DGT is expressed in shoot and root, and localizes to both the nucleus and cytoplasm during lateral root organogenesis. Mutation of ENTIRE/IAA9, a member of the auxin-responsive Aux/IAA protein family of transcriptional repressors, partially restores the inability of dgt to initiate lateral root primordia but not the primordia outgrowth. By comparison, grafting of a wild-type scion restores the process of lateral root formation, consistent with participation of a mobile signal. Antibodies do not detect movement of the DGT protein into the dgt rootstock; however, experiments with radiolabeled auxin and an auxin-specific microelectrode demonstrate abnormal auxin fluxes. Functional studies of DGT in heterologous yeast and tobacco-leaf auxin-transport systems demonstrate that DGT negatively regulates PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux transporters by affecting their plasma membrane localization. Studies in tomato support complex effects of the dgt mutation on PIN expression level, expression domain and plasma membrane localization. Our data demonstrate that DGT regulates auxin transport in lateral root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Ivanchenko
- Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jinsheng Zhu
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology - Plant Biology, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bangjun Wang
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology - Plant Biology, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Eva Medvecká
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg A-3400, Austria
| | - Yunlong Du
- VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Gent 9052, Belgium Key Laboratory of Agro-biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Elisa Azzarello
- LINV-DIPSAA-Università di Firenze, Viale delle idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- LINV-DIPSAA-Università di Firenze, Viale delle idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Molly Megraw
- Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sergei Filichkin
- Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Joseph G Dubrovsky
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Apartado Postal 510-3, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg A-3400, Austria VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Gent 9052, Belgium
| | - Markus Geisler
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology - Plant Biology, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Tsurumi S, Wada S. Metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid and natural occurrence of dioxindole-3-acetic acid derivatives in Vicia roots. Plant Cell Physiol 1980; 21:1515-1525. [PMID: 25385967 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/21.8.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Three indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) metabolites [compounds A and B and indole-3-acetylaspartic acid (IAAsp) ] accumulated in Vicia faba roots when (14)C-IAA was applied to the cotyledon. IAAsp formation was increased by the application of a high concentration (2.5 × 10(-4) m) of IAA, while the accumulation of compound A was more conspicuous in the roots when a lower concentration (3.3 × 10(-5) m) of IAA had been applied. This indicates that compound A is not a detoxication product induced by an abnormally high concentration of IAA. Compounds A and B were identified as dioxindole-3-acetic acid derivatives by the UV spectra and their yielding 2-quinolone-4-carboxylic acid upon hydrolysis. Compound A was found to exist in Vicia roots not treated with exogenous IAA, and its naturally occurring content was estimated to be 1 μmole kg(-1) fresh weight. The amount of native compound B was far less than that of compound A.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tsurumi
- Biological Institute, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, Japan
| | - S Wada
- Biological Institute, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, Japan
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