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Loban K, El Wazze S, Milland T, Hales L, Slominska A, Sandal S. Experiences of living kidney donors: A synthesis of unsolicited patient narratives. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2024; 38:100855. [PMID: 38657495 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2024.100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the lauded benefits of living kidney donation, there is growing evidence of the challenges that living kidney donors (LKD) encounter in their donation trajectory and gaps in healthcare service provision. However, most of the evidence is derived from research conducted by clinicians or academic investigators. Significantly less attention has been devoted to analyzing unsolicited accounts of LKDs' experiences. METHODS We conducted a review and synthesis of published unsolicited first-person narratives of LKDs and aimed to synthesize their experiences and identify care needs. Four electronic databases were searched and 27 LKD narratives were included in our final analysis. Thematic synthesis was used to generate themes inductively. RESULTS Although the majority of LKDs reported the act of donation to be a fulfilling experience, almost 48% reported encountering challenges in the care that they received. Also, 29% of LKDs reported experiencing an adverse clinical event. Five distinct themes emerged surrounding the donation experience and healthcare needs: 1) Educational needs due to perceived lack of transparency and compensating for knowledge gaps; 2) Respect for donor autonomy due to coercive influences from family or healthcare providers, lack of respect for donor preferences and loopholes in the consent process; 3) Unmet care needs related to poor communication with healthcare providers, coordination issues and inconsistent and inadequate long-term care; 4) Unanticipated outcomes due to economic costs and the emotional burden of donation; and 5) Contributing beyond the donation event by advocating for a balanced view of donation and generating support mechanisms. CONCLUSION In this synthesis of LKDs narratives, important care gaps and the need to advocate for a balanced perspective on living kidney donation were highlighted. Our review underscores the value of patients' own stories as critical evidence that can inform improvement in healthcare service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Loban
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Saly El Wazze
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Théa Milland
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Lindsay Hales
- Library Services, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Anita Slominska
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Shaifali Sandal
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Keenan RA, Nic An Riogh AU, Brennan D, Morrin M, Lee MJ, Davis NF, Ferede AA, Little DM. Lean body mass in living kidney donors impacts postoperative renal function. World J Urol 2024; 42:214. [PMID: 38581460 PMCID: PMC10998768 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-024-04908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A living donor kidney transplant is the optimal treatment for chronic renal impairment. Our objective is to assess if lean skeletal muscle mass and donor factors such as body mass index, hypertension, and age impact on renal function following donor nephrectomy. METHODS Potential donors undergo CT angiography as part of their work-up in our institution. Using dedicated software (Horos®), standardized skeletal muscle area measured at the L3 vertebrae was calculated. When corrected for height, skeletal muscle index can be derived. Skeletal muscle mass index below predefined levels was classified as sarcopenic. The correlation of CT-derived skeletal muscle index and postoperative renal function at 12 months was assessed. Co-variables including donor gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and presence of pre-op hypertension were also assessed for their impact on postoperative renal function. RESULTS 275 patients who underwent living donor nephrectomy over 10 years were included. Baseline pre-donation glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal function at one year post-op were similar between genders. 29% (n = 82) of patients met the criteria for CT-derived sarcopenia. Sarcopenic patients were more likely to have a higher GFR at one year post-op (69.3 vs 63.9 mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.001). The main factors impacting better renal function at one year were the presence of sarcopenia and younger age at donation. CONCLUSION When selecting donors, this study highlights that patients with low skeletal mass are unlikely to underperform in terms of recovery of their renal function postoperatively at one year when compared to patients with normal muscle mass and should not be a barrier to kidney donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Keenan
- Department of Surgical Affairs, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland.
- National Kidney Transplant Service, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Aisling U Nic An Riogh
- Department of Surgical Affairs, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
- National Kidney Transplant Service, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Brennan
- Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martina Morrin
- Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael J Lee
- Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niall F Davis
- Department of Surgical Affairs, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
- National Kidney Transplant Service, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Atakelet A Ferede
- National Kidney Transplant Service, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dilly M Little
- National Kidney Transplant Service, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Zeuschner P, Friedersdorff F, Siemer S, Stöckle M. [Robot-assisted kidney transplantation-what is new?]. Urologie 2024; 63:361-366. [PMID: 38378943 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-024-02293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) was conducted in 2010, and the first time in Germany in 2016. As more than 5 years have passed, current evidence, technological developments and the latest (German) experience are presented. OBJECTIVES The current evidence and experience of RAKT was investigated from an international and German perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a systemic search, relevant publications were analyzed and compared with the experiences at a German urological transplant department. RESULTS From an international perspective, RAKT can now be considered a standard procedure at experienced departments, as more than 680 RAKT have been documented in Europe. The functional results are excellent with low complication rates and good mid- to long-term functional outcomes. Although RAKT was initially only performed with living organ donations, it has also been successfully conducted with cadaveric grafts. The surgical technique can be applied in challenging and complex situations, such as for arteriosclerotic recipient vessels or for kidney transplantations in children. Although RAKT is still not widely performed in Germany, the university hospital in Marburg, the third urological department in Germany, has successfully initiated a robotic transplant program. CONCLUSIONS Compared to open kidney transplantation, robot-assisted kidney transplantation enables at least noninferior results. It further appears to translate the well-documented advantages of minimally invasive surgery to kidney transplantation. However, its spread throughout Germany is only slowly increasing, possibly because only a handful of urological departments still perform kidney transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Zeuschner
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.
| | - Frank Friedersdorff
- Klinik für Urologie, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Stefan Siemer
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - Michael Stöckle
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
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4
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Daw J, Roberts MK, Salim Z, Porter ND, Verdery AM, Ortiz SE. Relationships, race/ethnicity, gender, age, and living kidney donation evaluation willingness. Transpl Immunol 2024; 83:101980. [PMID: 38184217 PMCID: PMC10939764 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Racial/ethnic and gender disparities in living donor kidney transplantation are large and persistent but incompletely explained. One previously unexplored potential contributor to these disparities is differential willingness to donate to recipients in specific relationships such as children, parents, and friends. We collected and analyzed data from an online sample featuring an experimental vignette in which respondents were asked to rate their willingness to donate to a randomly chosen member of their family or social network. Results show very large differences in respondents' willingness to donate to recipients with different relationships to them, favoring children, spouses/partners, siblings, and parents, and disfavoring friends, aunts/uncles, and coworkers. Evidence suggesting an interactive effect between relationship, respondent race/ethnicity, respondent or recipient gender, was limited to a few cases. At the p < 0.05 level, the parent-recipient gender interaction was statistically significant, favoring mothers over fathers, as was other/multiracial respondents' greater willingness to donate to friends compared to Whites. Additionally, other interactions were significant at the p < 0.10 level, such as Hispanics' and women's higher willingness to donate to parents compared to Whites and men respectively, women's lower willingness to donate to friends compared to men, and Blacks' greater willingness to donate to coworkers than Whites. We also examined differences by age and found that older respondents were less willing to donate to recipients other than their parents. Together these results suggest that differential willingness to donate by relationship group may be a moderately important factor in understanding racial/ethnic and gender disparities in living donor kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Daw
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University.
| | - Mary K Roberts
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Zarmeen Salim
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Nathaniel D Porter
- University Libraries and Department of Sociology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
| | - Ashton M Verdery
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Selena E Ortiz
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, The Pennsylvania State University
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Kaur R, Schick-Makaroff K, Dang P, Sasaki A, Neves P, Mucsi I, Gill J. Navigating Living Kidney Donation and Transplantation Among South Asian Canadians: The ACTION Project. Am J Kidney Dis 2024:S0272-6386(24)00011-8. [PMID: 38242424 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE South Asian (SA) Canadians with kidney failure have a 50%-77% lower likelihood of kidney transplant and are less likely to identify potential living donors (LDs). This study aimed to identify health system-, patient-, and community-level barriers and facilitators for accessing LD kidney transplantation in the SA community to inform the development of health system- and community-level interventions to address barriers. STUDY DESIGN Qualitative study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 20 SA recipients of an LD or deceased-donor kidney transplant, 10 SA LDs, and 41 general SA community members. ANALYTICAL APPROACH In-depth multilingual interviews were conducted with recipients and LDs. Gender-, language-, and age-stratified focus groups were conducted with general SA community members. Summative content analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Hesitancy in approaching potential donors, fear about the health of potential LDs, information gaps, language barriers, and challenges evaluating out-of-country donors were highlighted as significant barriers by recipients, and financial concerns and information gaps were identified by donors. Cultural barriers in the SA community were highlighted by donors, recipients, and community members as critical factors when considering donation and transplant; women and elderly SA Canadians highlighted nuanced challenges. Participants reported generally a favorable perception of their health care teams, citing SA representation in the teams as important to providing culturally and linguistically sensitive care. LIMITATIONS Limited geographic, race, and cultural representation and reliance on virtual data collection. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights several culturally relevant barriers to donation and transplant that are potentially modifiable through patient-, health system-, and community-focused engagement and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetinder Kaur
- Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Phuc Dang
- Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ayumi Sasaki
- Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paula Neves
- Centre for Living Organ Donation, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Istvan Mucsi
- Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jagbir Gill
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Shimbo M, Nojyu K, Yonekura Y, Nagahama M, Komatsu K, Endo F, Ohyama T, Sakuma Y, Nakayama M, Iwami D, Yagisawa T, Hattori K. Computed Tomography Renal Volumetry Better Predicts Postoperative Donor Renal Function in Live Kidney Donor Transplantation than Renal Scintigraphy: A Comparative Study. Urol Int 2023; 108:73-79. [PMID: 38061351 DOI: 10.1159/000535629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Both computed tomography (CT) and renal scintigraphy (RS) have been used to assess vascular anatomy, renal status, and split renal function (SRF). In this study, we used a recently developed software that facilitates renal volumetric evaluations to compare RS and automated CT volumetry for assessing residual renal function and, thus, estimating postoperative renal function after donor nephrectomy. METHODS Fifty-one cases of donor nephrectomy were analyzed. Residual renal function was estimated based on RS and CT volumetry. The correlation between the postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and expected SRF, measured using RS and three types of CT volumetry data (ellipsoid, thin-slice, and 5-mm slice data), was determined. RESULTS The correlation coefficient between actual eGFR and expected SRF was significantly associated at each time point and modality (p < 0.0001). At any time point, the difference in correlation coefficient between RS and 5-mm volumetry was significant (p value: 0.003-0.018), whereas the differences in correlation coefficients between RS and the triaxial volume calculation, and the triaxial volume calculation and 5-mm volumetry, were generally statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS Expected SRF was estimated more accurately by CT volumetric calculations (especially 5-mm slice-based volumetry) than RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shimbo
- Department of Urology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Renal Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Urology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kyutaro Nojyu
- Department of Urology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yonekura
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nagahama
- Department of Nephrology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Komatsu
- Department of Urology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Renal Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Urology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Fumiyasu Endo
- Department of Urology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ohyama
- Department of Urology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Renal Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Urology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yasunaru Sakuma
- Division of Renal Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Urology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Iwami
- Division of Renal Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Urology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Takashi Yagisawa
- Division of Renal Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Urology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hattori
- Department of Urology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Weightman AC, Coghlan S, Clayton PA. Respecting living kidney donor autonomy: an argument for liberalising living kidney donor acceptance criteria. Monash Bioeth Rev 2023; 41:156-173. [PMID: 36484936 PMCID: PMC10654180 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-022-00166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Doctors routinely refuse donation offers from prospective living kidney donors with certain comorbidities such as diabetes or obesity out of concern for donor wellbeing. This refusal occurs despite the ongoing shortage of kidney transplants and the superior performance of living donor kidney transplants compared to those from deceased donors. In this paper, we argue that this paternalistic refusal by doctors is unjustified and that, within limits, there should be greater acceptance of such donations. We begin by describing possible weak and strong paternalistic justifications of current conservative donor acceptance guidelines and practices. We then justify our position by outlining the frequently under-recognised benefits and the routinely overestimated harms of such donation, before discussing the need to respect the autonomy of willing donors with certain comorbidities. Finally, we respond to a number of possible objections to our proposal for more liberal kidney donor acceptance criteria. We use the situation in Australia as our case study, but our argument is applicable to comparable situations around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Weightman
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
- Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- Central and Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.
| | - Simon Coghlan
- Centre for AI and Digital Ethics, School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip A Clayton
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Central and Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
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8
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Pérez-Sáez MJ, Montero N, Oliveras L, Redondo-Pachón D, Martínez-Simón D, Abramovicz D, Maggiore U, Mariat C, Mjoen G, Oniscu GC, Peruzzi L, Sever MS, Watschinger B, Velioglu A, Demir E, Gandolfini I, Hellemans R, Hilbrands L, Pascual J, Crespo M. Immunosuppression of HLA identical living-donor kidney transplant recipients: A systematic review. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2023; 37:100787. [PMID: 37657355 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2023.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplant (KT) recipients of HLA identical siblings (HLAid) have lower immunological risk, but there are no specific recommendations for immunosuppression. Our aim was to analyze evidence about results from HLAid living-donor recipients under different immunosuppression in the current era of immunological risk assessment. METHODS Systematic review of studies describing associations between outcomes of HLAid living-donor KT recipients according to their immunological risk and applied immunosuppression. RESULTS From 1351 studies, 16 (5636 KT recipients) were included in the analysis. All studies were retrospective, ten comparing immunosuppression strategies, and six immunological risk strata. Of those ten, six studies were published in 1990 or earlier and only three included tacrolimus. The evidence is poor, and the inclusion of calcineurin inhibitors does not demonstrate better results. Furthermore, only few studies describe different immunosuppression regimens according to the patient immunological risk and, in general, they do not include the assessment with new solid phase assays. CONCLUSIONS There are no studies analyzing the association of outcomes of HLAid KT recipients with current immunological risk tools. In the absence of evidence, no decision or proposal of immunosuppression adapted to modern immunological risk assessment can be made currently by the Descartes Working Group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Núria Montero
- Nephrology Department, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Oliveras
- Nephrology Department, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel Abramovicz
- Department of Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Umberto Maggiore
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Christophe Mariat
- Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Dpt, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Geir Mjoen
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Licia Peruzzi
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Mehmet Sükrü Sever
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bruno Watschinger
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arzu Velioglu
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erol Demir
- Transplant Immunology Research Centre of Excellence, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilaria Gandolfini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rachel Hellemans
- Department of Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luuk Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Julio Pascual
- Nephrology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Crespo
- Nephrology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
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van der Weijden J, De Hoogt PA, Leufkens MME, Keijbeck AA, van Goor H, van den Heuvel MC, Cleutjens JPM, Moers C, Snoeijs MG, Navis GJ, van Londen M, Nolte IM, Berger SP, De Borst MH, Peutz-Kootstra CJ. The relationship of peritubular capillary density with glomerular volume and kidney function in living kidney donors. J Nephrol 2023; 36:2111-2124. [PMID: 37768545 PMCID: PMC10543576 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritubular capillary rarefaction plays an important role in the progression of chronic kidney disease. Little is known about the relation between peritubular capillary density, glomerular volume and filtration rate in the healthy kidney. METHODS In this single-center study, we included 69 living kidney donors who donated between 2005 and 2008 and had representative renal biopsies available. In all donors, glomerular filtration rate was measured using 125I-Iothalamate before donation and at five years after donation. Before donation, the increase in glomerular filtration rate after dopamine stimulation was measured. Glomerular volume and peritubular capillary density were determined in biopsies taken at the time of transplantation. Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression were used to assess relations between parameters. RESULTS Mean donor age was 52 ± 11 years and mean measured glomerular filtration rate was 119 ± 22 mL/min before donation and 82 ± 15 mL/min at five years after donation. While peritubular capillary density (measured by either number of peritubular capillaries/50,000 μm2 or number of peritubular capillaries/tubule) was not associated with measured glomerular filtration rate before or after donation, number of peritubular capillaries/tubule was associated with the increase in measured glomerular filtration rate after dopamine stimulation (St.β = 0.33, p = 0.004), and correlated positively with glomerular volume (R = 0.24, p = 0.047). Glomerular volume was associated with unstimulated measured glomerular filtration rate before donation (St.β = 0.31, p = 0.01) and at five years (St.β = 0.30, p = 0.01) after donation, independent of age. CONCLUSIONS In summary, peritubular capillary density was not related to unstimulated kidney function before or after kidney donation, in contrast to glomerular volume. However, number of peritubular capillaries/tubule correlated with the increase in glomerular filtration rate after dopamine stimulation in healthy kidneys, and with glomerular volume. These findings suggest that peritubular capillary density and glomerular volume differentially affect kidney function in healthy living kidney donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van der Weijden
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box AA53, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - P A De Hoogt
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M M E Leufkens
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A A Keijbeck
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M C van den Heuvel
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J P M Cleutjens
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C Moers
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M G Snoeijs
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G J Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box AA53, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M van Londen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box AA53, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S P Berger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box AA53, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M H De Borst
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box AA53, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C J Peutz-Kootstra
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Gelre Ziekenhuizen, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
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10
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Durand CM, Martinez N, Neumann K, Benedict RC, Baker AW, Wolfe CR, Stosor V, Shetty A, Dietch ZC, Goudy L, Callegari MA, Massie AB, Brown D, Cochran W, Muzaale A, Fine D, Tobian AA, Winkler CA, Al Ammary F, Segev DL. Living kidney donors with HIV: experience and outcomes from a case series by the HOPE in Action Consortium. Lancet Reg Health Am 2023; 24:100553. [PMID: 37600163 PMCID: PMC10435840 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Living kidney donation is possible for people living with HIV (PLWH) in the United States within research studies under the HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act. There are concerns that donor nephrectomy may have an increased risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in PLWH due to HIV-associated kidney disease and antiretroviral therapy (ART) nephrotoxicity. Here we report the first 3 cases of living kidney donors with HIV under the HOPE Act in the United States. Methods Within the HOPE in Action Multicenter Consortium, we conducted a prospective study of living kidney donors with HIV. Pre-donation, we estimated the 9-year cumulative incidence of ESRD, performed genetic testing of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), excluding individuals with high-risk variants, and performed pre-donation kidney biopsies (HOPE Act requirement). The primary endpoint was ≥grade 3 nephrectomy-related adverse events (AEs) in year one. Post-donation, we monitored glomerular filtration rate (measured by iohexol/Tc-99m DTPA [mGFR] or estimated with serum creatinine [eGFR]), HIV RNA, CD4 count, and ART. Findings There were three donors with two-four years of follow-up: a 35 year-old female, a 52 year-old male, and a 47 year-old male. Pre-donation 9-year estimated cumulative incidence of ESRD was 3.01, 8.01, and 7.76 per 10,000 persons, respectively. In two donors with APOL1 testing, no high-risk variants were detected. Biopsies from all three donors showed no kidney disease. Post-donation, two donors developed nephrectomy-related ≥grade 3 AEs: a medically-managed ileus and a laparoscopically-repaired incisional hernia. GFR declined from 103 to 84 mL/min/1.73 m2 at four years (mGFR) in donor 1, from 77 to 52 mL/min/1.73 m2 at three years (eGFR) in donor 2, and from 65 to 39 mL/min/1.73 m2 at two years (eGFR) in donor 3. HIV RNA remained <20 copies/mL and CD4 count remained stable in all donors. Interpretation The first three living kidney donors with HIV under the HOPE Act in the United States have had promising outcomes at two-four years, providing proof-of-concept to support living donation from PLWH to recipients with HIV. Funding National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Durand
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Arthur W. Baker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cameron R. Wolfe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aneesha Shetty
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zachary C. Dietch
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leah Goudy
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michelle A. Callegari
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Allan B. Massie
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diane Brown
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Willa Cochran
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abimereki Muzaale
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek Fine
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron A.R. Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Winkler
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI and Basic Research Program, Frederick National Laboratories for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Fawaz Al Ammary
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dorry L. Segev
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal disease in Greece are facing long waiting times to receive a kidney transplant from a deceased donor. Living kidney donation offers a valuable alternative that provides optimal outcomes and significantly expands the donor pool but still remains relatively underutilised. Developments around the world in the field of kidney transplantation mandate a change in current practice to include additional options for living donation through paired exchange, antibody-incompatible transplantation and other strategies, following careful consideration of the cultural and ethical factors involved in these complex clinical decisions. An increase in living donation rates may be achieved in several ways, including targeted campaigning to overcome potential barriers. Educating clinicians on transplantation will prove as equally important as informing patients and prospective donors but requires training and resources. Adoption of established practices and implementation of new strategies must be tailored to the needs of the Greek donor and recipient population. Local beliefs about donation, perception of associated risk and other social characteristics must be considered in the design of future strategies. Facilitating living donation in a safe environment with appropriate donor and recipient education will form the solid foundation of a new era of kidney transplantation in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Karydis
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Ioannis Maroulis
- Department of General Surgery, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
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12
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Orieux A, Bouchet A, Doreille A, Paslaru L, Livrozet M, Haymann JP, Ouali N, Mesnard L, Letavernier E, Galichon P. Predictive factors of glomerular filtration rate loss associated with living kidney donation: a single-center retrospective study. World J Urol 2022; 40:2161-2168. [PMID: 35596019 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-04019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Living kidney donors (LKD) partially compensate the initial loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), a phenomenon known as renal functional reserve (RFR). RFR is reduced in the elderly, a population with increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease. We hypothesized that the selected, healthy population of LKD, would specifically inform about the physiological determinants of the RFR and studied it using measured GFR (mGFR). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed pre-donation and post-donation mGFR in 76 LKD from Tenon Hospital (Paris, France) between 2002 and 2018. In addition to GFR measurements, we collected pre-donation morphologic parameters, demographic data, and kidney volumes. RESULTS Mean pre-donation mGFR was 90.11 ± 12.64 mL/min/1.73 m2 and decreased to 61.26 ± 9.57 mL/min/1.73 m2 1 year after donation. Pre-donation mGFR correlated with age (p = 0.0003), total kidney volume (p = 0.0004) and pre-donation serum creatinine (p = 0.0453). Pre-donation mGFR strongly predicted 1-year post-donation mGFR. Mean RFR (increase in GFR of the remnant kidney between pre-donation and post-donation) was 36.67 ± 16.67% 1 year after donation. In the multivariate linear model, RFR was negatively correlated to total kidney volume (p = 0.02) but not with age or pre-donation serum creatinine. CONCLUSIONS We found that pre-donation mGFR decreases with age and identified low total kidney volume as a predictor of RFR in healthy individuals. This suggests an adaptative and reversible decrease in kidney function rather than age-related damage. Older subjects may have reduced metabolic requirements with subsequent reduction in glomerular filtration and kidney volume and preserved RFR. Therefore, low GFR in older subjects should not preclude kidney donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Orieux
- Sorbonne Universite, UMR_S 1155, INSERM, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Bouchet
- Department of Nephrology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
- Claude Bernard University Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Alice Doreille
- Department of Nephrology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Liliana Paslaru
- Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Marine Livrozet
- Sorbonne Universite, UMR_S 1155, INSERM, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Physiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Haymann
- Sorbonne Universite, UMR_S 1155, INSERM, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Physiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Nacera Ouali
- Department of Nephrology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Mesnard
- Sorbonne Universite, UMR_S 1155, INSERM, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Nephrology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Sorbonne Universite, UMR_S 1155, INSERM, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Physiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Galichon
- Sorbonne Universite, UMR_S 1155, INSERM, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France.
- Department of Nephrology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France.
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13
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Zeuschner P, Stöckle M, Peters R, Miller K, Liefeldt L, Halleck F, Budde K, Hennig L, Friedersdorff F. Does the Side Matter? A Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing Left and Right Pure Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomies. Urol Int 2021; 105:1076-1084. [PMID: 34515246 DOI: 10.1159/000517882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Right laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (RLDN) is no longer regarded inferior to left LDN (LLDN). However, this knowledge is based on many studies suffering from inherent learning curves, center-specific imbalances, and different laparoscopic techniques. METHODS Pure LDNs at a high-volume referral center from 2011 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Patient, graft characteristics, outcomes of LDNs, and corresponding open kidney transplantations were compared between LLDN and RLDN including a follow-up. RESULTS 160 (78.4%) LLDNs and 44 (21.6%) RLDNs only differed regarding graft characteristics, as more right grafts had multiple veins (34.1 vs. 6.9%, p < 0.001) and worse scintigraphic function (44 vs. 51%, p < 0.001). RLDNs were shorter (201 vs. 220 min, p = 0.032) with longer warm ischemia time (165 vs. 140 s, p < 0.001), but left grafts were transplanted faster (160 vs. 171 min, p = 0.048). Recipients of right kidneys had more postoperative complications (grade 3: 25.6 vs. 11.3%, p = 0.020). At a follow-up of 45 (range 6-79) months, neither the kidney function, nor death-censored graft (5-year: LLDN 89 vs. 92%, p = 0.969) and patient survival (5-year: LLDN 95 vs. 98%, p = 0.747) differed. CONCLUSIONS Pure LLDN and RLDN can have different outcomes at high-volume centers, especially higher complications for recipients of right grafts. However, long-term function and graft survival are the same irrespective of the chosen side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Zeuschner
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael Stöckle
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Robert Peters
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbold-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kurt Miller
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbold-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Liefeldt
- Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbold-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Halleck
- Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbold-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbold-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Hennig
- Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbold-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Friedersdorff
- Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbold-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Urology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Redeker S, Massey EK, Boonstra C, van Busschbach JJ, Timman R, Brulez HFH, Hollander DAAMJ, Hilbrands LB, Bemelman F, Berger SP, van de Wetering J, van den Dorpel RMA, Dekker-Jansen M, Weimar W, Ismail SY. Implementation of the Kidney Team at Home Intervention: Evaluating Generalizability, Implementation Process, and Effects. Transpl Int 2021; 34:2317-2328. [PMID: 34390041 PMCID: PMC9292401 DOI: 10.1111/tri.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that a home-based educational intervention for patients with chronic kidney disease results in better knowledge and communication, and more living donor kidney transplantations (LDKT). Implementation research in the field of renal care is almost non-existent. The aims of this study were (1) to demonstrate generalizability, (2) evaluate the implementation process, and (3) to assess the relationship of intervention effects on LDKT-activity. Eight hospitals participated in the project. Patients eligible for all kidney replacement therapies (KRT) were invited to participate. Effect outcomes were KRT-knowledge and KRT-communication, and treatment choice. Feasibility, fidelity and intervention costs were assessed as part of the process evaluation. 332 patients completed the intervention. There was a significant increase in KRT-knowledge and KRT-communication among participants. 129 out of 332 patients (39%) had LDKT-activity, which was in line with the results of the clinical trials. Protocol adherence, knowledge and age were correlated with LDKT-activity. This unique implementation study shows that the results in practice are comparable to the previous trials, and show that the intervention can be implemented, while maintaining quality. Results from the project resulted in the uptake of the intervention in standard care. We urge other countries to investigate the uptake of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steef Redeker
- Erasmus Medical Center, Section of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emma K Massey
- Erasmus Medical Center, Section of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Boonstra
- Netherlands Institute for Personality Disorders, De Viersprong, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan J van Busschbach
- Erasmus Medical Center, Section of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier Timman
- Erasmus Medical Center, Section of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Luuk B Hilbrands
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Nephrology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frederike Bemelman
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan P Berger
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline van de Wetering
- Erasmus Medical Center, Section of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Willem Weimar
- Erasmus Medical Center, Section of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, the Netherlands
| | - Sohal Y Ismail
- Erasmus Medical Center, Section of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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Abstract
Hintergrund Die minimal-invasive Donornephrektomie (DN) ist inzwischen operativer Standard, bezüglich der Rolle von roboterassistierten Verfahren gibt es bisher keinen Konsens. Fragestellung Die ersten 50 transperitonealen roboterassistierten Donornephrektomien (RDN) einer urologischen Universitätsklinik in Deutschland wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet. Material und Methoden Patientencharakteristika, intra- und postoperative Parameter wurden erfasst und die Nierenfunktion in einem 5‑jährigen Follow-up ausgewertet. Signifikante Prädiktoren für die Nierenfunktion bei Entlassung und ein Jahr postoperativ wurden in einem multivariablen Regressionsmodell bestimmt. Ergebnisse Die RDN hat exzellente Ergebnisse mit niedriger Komplikationsrate, kurzer warmer (WIZ) und kalter Ischämiezeit (KIZ) sowie geringem Blutverlust und kurzer Patientenverweildauer. Die Seite der Nierenentnahme hat hierauf keine Auswirkungen. Nach RDN sind etwa 50 % der Spender formal niereninsuffizient, was aber zumeist ohne Relevanz ist, weil sich die Nierenfunktion der Spender im Follow-up nicht weiter verschlechtert. Die postoperative Nierenfunktion lässt sich bei der RDN mithilfe der präoperativen eGFR (errechnete glomeruläre Filtrationsrate) und dem Spenderalter sehr gut vorhersagen. Schlussfolgerungen Die robotische DN stellt eine sehr gute Alternative zu anderen minimal-invasiven Operationsverfahren dar, die von Beginn an exzellente operative Ergebnisse ermöglicht.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Zeuschner
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.
| | - Stefan Siemer
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - Michael Stöckle
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Saar
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
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16
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Pawłowski M, Fila-Witecka K, Rymaszewska JE, Łuc M, Kamińska D, Rymaszewska J. Quality of life, depression and anxiety in living donor kidney transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2020; 34:100572. [PMID: 33038784 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2020.100572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to its numerous advantages, transplantation from a living kidney donor is the best method of renal replacement therapy. However, the characteristics of the procedure require to consider well-being of not only the recipient, but also the donor - a person who suddenly becomes a patient despite former good health. The living donation is a selfless act, but also a decision that may endanger one's own health. The aim of this article was to review the current knowledge concerning the quality of life, symptoms of anxiety and depression occurring among living kidney donors and recipients. In order to do that, we performed a systematic research in the PubMed, Google Scholar and CINAHL databases for the years 2000-2019 with the use of key words. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were met by only 15 articles. This study shows that the mental state of donors is generally better than that of recipients. Additionally, reduction of anxiety and depression as well as increase in the quality of life occurs in both donors and recipients in the post-transplant period compared to the time before surgery. Further research is needed on this topic in order to improve psychological aspects of care of live kidney donors and recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mateusz Łuc
- Psychiatry Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Dorota Kamińska
- Nephrology and Transplantology Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
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17
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Mandelbrot DA, Reese PP, Garg N, Thomas CP, Rodrigue JR, Schinstock C, Doshi M, Cooper M, Friedewald J, Naik AS, Kaul DR, Ison MG, Rocco MV, Verbesey J, Hladunewich MA, Ibrahim HN, Poggio ED. KDOQI US Commentary on the 2017 KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline on the Evaluation and Care of Living Kidney Donors. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 75:299-316. [PMID: 32007233 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Living kidney donation is widely practiced throughout the world. During the past 2 decades, various groups have provided guidance about the evaluation and care of living donors. However, during this time, our knowledge in the field has advanced substantially and many agreed on the need for a comprehensive, unifying document. KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) addressed this issue at an international level with the publication of its clinical practice guideline on the evaluation and care of living kidney donors. The KDIGO work group extensively reviewed the available literature and wrote a series of guideline recommendations using various degrees of evidence when available. As has become recent practice, NKF-KDOQI (National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) convened a work group to provide a commentary on the KDIGO guideline, with a focus on how these recommendations apply in the context of the United States. In the United States, the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) guides and regulates the practice of living kidney donation. While the KDIGO guideline for the care of living kidney donors and UNOS policy are similar in most aspects of the care of living kidney donors, several important areas are not consistent or do not align with common practice by US transplantation programs in areas in which UNOS has not set specific policy. For the time being, and recognizing the value of the KDIGO guidelines, US transplantation programs should continue to follow UNOS policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter P Reese
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Neetika Garg
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - Carrie Schinstock
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, William J von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mona Doshi
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Matthew Cooper
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC
| | - John Friedewald
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Abhijit S Naik
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Michael G Ison
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Jennifer Verbesey
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute and Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Michelle A Hladunewich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nanji Family Kidney Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Emilio D Poggio
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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18
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Siedek F, Haneder S, Dörner J, Morelli JN, Chon SH, Maintz D, Houbois C. Estimation of split renal function using different volumetric methods: inter- and intraindividual comparison between MRI and CT. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:1481-92. [PMID: 30506477 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to determine whether contrast-enhanced (CE)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is comparable to CE-computed tomography (CT) for estimation of split renal function (SRF). For this purpose, two different kidney volumetry methods, the renal cortex volumetry (RCV) and modified ellipsoid volume (MELV), are compared for both acquisition types (CT vs. MRI) with regard to accuracy and reliability, subsequently referred to as RCVCT/RCVMRI and MELVCT/MELVMRI. METHODS This retrospective study included 29 patients (18 men and 11 women; mean age 62.8 ± 12.4 years) who underwent CE-MRI and CE-CT of the abdomen within a period of 3 months. Two independent readers (R1/R2) performed RCV and MELV in all datasets with corresponding semiautomated software tools. RCV was performed with datasets in the arterial phase and MELV in the venous phase. Statistics were calculated using one-way ANOVA, two-tailed Student's t test, Pearson´s correlation, and Bland-Altman plots with p ≤ 0.05 being considered statistically significant. RESULTS In all datasets, SRF was almost identical for both volumetry methods with a mean difference of < 1%. Bland-Altman analysis comparing RCV in CT and MRI showed very good agreement for R1/R2. Interreader agreement was strong for RCVCT and good for RCVMRI (r = 0.89; r = 0.69). MELVCT/MRI interreader agreement was only moderate (r = 0.54; r = 0.50) with a high range of values. Intrareader agreement was excellent for all measurements, except MELVMRI which showed a high mean bias and range of values (RCVCT: r = 0.93, RCVMRI: r = 0.98, MELVCT: r = 0.89, MELVMRI: r = 0.54). CONCLUSION Renal volumetric estimates of SRF are almost as accurate and reliable with CE-MRI as with CE-CT using RCV method. In distinction, the calculation of SRF using MELV was inferior to RCV with respect to accuracy and reliability. Thus, RCV method is recommended to estimate SRF, primarily using CT datasets. However, RCV with MRI datasets for kidney volumetry allows for comparable accuracy and reliability while sparing patients and healthy donors of unnecessary radiation exposure.
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19
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Fenton A, Montgomery E, Nightingale P, Peters AM, Sheerin N, Wroe AC, Lipkin GW. Glomerular filtration rate: new age- and gender- specific reference ranges and thresholds for living kidney donation. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:336. [PMID: 30466393 PMCID: PMC6249883 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for a large, contemporary, multi-centre series of measured glomerular filtration rates (mGFR) from healthy individuals to determine age- and gender-specific reference ranges for GFR. We aimed to address this and to use the ranges to provide age- and gender-specific advisory GFR thresholds considered acceptable for living kidney donation. METHODS Individual-level data including pre-donation mGFR from 2974 prospective living kidney donors from 18 UK renal centres performed between 2003 and 2015 were amalgamated. Age- and gender-specific GFR reference ranges were determined by segmented multiple linear regression and presented as means ± two standard deviations. RESULTS Males had a higher GFR than females (92.0 vs 88.1 mL/min/1.73m2, P < 0.0001). Mean mGFR was 100 mL/min/1.73m2 until 35 years of age, following which there was a linear decline that was faster in females compared to males (7.7 vs 6.6 mL/min/1.73m2/decade, P = 0.013); 10.5% of individuals aged > 60 years had a GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2. The GFR ranges were used along with other published evidence to provide advisory age- and gender-specific GFR thresholds for living kidney donation. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that GFR declines after 35 years of age, and the decline is faster in females. A significant proportion of the healthy population over 60 years of age have a GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 which may have implications for the definition of chronic kidney disease. Age and gender differences in normal GFR can be used to determine advisory GFR thresholds for living kidney donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fenton
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma Montgomery
- Department of Renal Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Nightingale
- Wolfson Computer Laboratory, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A. Michael Peters
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Neil Sheerin
- Department of Renal Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A. Caroline Wroe
- Department of Renal Medicine, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Graham W. Lipkin
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Weinberger S, Klarholz-Pevere C, Liefeldt L, Baeder M, Steckhan N, Friedersdorff F. Influence of CT-based depth correction of renal scintigraphy in evaluation of living kidney donors on side selection and postoperative renal function: is it necessary to know the relative renal function? World J Urol 2018; 36:1327-1332. [PMID: 29569036 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse the influence of CT-based depth correction in the assessment of split renal function in potential living kidney donors. METHODS In 116 consecutive living kidney donors preoperative split renal function was assessed using the CT-based depth correction. Influence on donor side selection and postoperative renal function of the living kidney donors were analyzed. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of postoperative renal function. RESULTS A left versus right kidney depth variation of more than 1 cm was found in 40/114 donors (35%). 11 patients (10%) had a difference of more than 5% in relative renal function after depth correction. Kidney depth variation and changes in relative renal function after depth correction would have had influence on side selection in 30 of 114 living kidney donors. CT depth correction did not improve the predictability of postoperative renal function of the living kidney donor. In general, it was not possible to predict the postoperative renal function from preoperative total and relative renal function. In multivariate linear regression analysis, age and BMI were identified as most important predictors for postoperative renal function of the living kidney donors. CONCLUSIONS Our results clearly indicate that concerning the postoperative renal function of living kidney donors, the relative renal function of the donated kidney seems to be less important than other factors. A multimodal assessment with consideration of all available results including kidney size, location of the kidney and split renal function remains necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weinberger
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carola Klarholz-Pevere
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Liefeldt
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Baeder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Steckhan
- Department of Internal and Complementary Medicine, Immanuel Hospital and Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Friedersdorff
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Habbous S, Arnold J, Begen MA, Boudville N, Cooper M, Dipchand C, Dixon SN, Feldman LS, Goździk D, Karpinski M, Klarenbach S, Knoll GA, Lam NN, Lentine KL, Lok C, McArthur E, McKenzie S, Miller M, Monroy-Cuadros M, Nguan C, Prasad GVR, Przech S, Sarma S, Segev DL, Storsley L, Garg AX. Duration of Living Kidney Transplant Donor Evaluations: Findings From 2 Multicenter Cohort Studies. Am J Kidney Dis 2018; 72:483-498. [PMID: 29580662 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A prolonged living kidney donor evaluation may result in worse outcomes for transplant recipients. Better knowledge of the duration of this process may help inform future donors and identify opportunities for improvement. STUDY DESIGN 1 prospective and 1 retrospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS At 16 Canadian and Australian transplantation centers (prospective cohort) and 5 Ontario transplantation centers (retrospective cohort), we assessed the duration of living kidney donor evaluation and explored donor, recipient, and transplantation factors associated with longer evaluation times. Data were obtained from 2 sources: donor medical records using chart abstraction and health care administrative databases. PREDICTORS Donor and recipient demographics, direct versus paired donation, center-level variables. OUTCOMES Duration of living donor evaluation. RESULTS The median total duration of transplantation evaluation (time from when the candidate started the evaluation until donation) was 10.3 (IQR, 6.5-16.7) months. The median duration from evaluation start until approval to donate was 7.9 (IQR, 4.6-14.1) months, and from approval until donation was 0.7 (IQR, 0.3-2.4) months, respectively. The median time between the first and last consultation among donors who completed a nephrology, surgery, and psychosocial assessment in the prospective cohort was 3.0 (IQR, 1.0-6.3) months, and between computed tomography angiography and donation was 4.8 (IQR, 2.6-9.2) months. After adjustment, the total duration of transplantation evaluation was longer if the donor participated in paired donation (6.6 [95% CI, 1.6-9.7] months) and if the recipient was referred later relative to the donor's evaluation start date (0.9 [95% CI, 0.8-1.0] months [per month of delayed referral]). Results depended on whether the recipient was receiving dialysis. LIMITATIONS Living donor candidates who did not donate were not included and proxy measures were used for some dates in the donor evaluation process. CONCLUSIONS The duration of kidney transplant donor evaluation is variable and can be lengthy. Better understanding of the reasons for a prolonged evaluation may inform quality improvement initiatives to reduce unnecessary delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Habbous
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mehmet A Begen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Ivey School of Business, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Boudville
- University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Stephanie N Dixon
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Greg A Knoll
- Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ngan N Lam
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Krista L Lentine
- Centre for Abdominal Transplantation, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Eric McArthur
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Chris Nguan
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Sebastian Przech
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sisira Sarma
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorry L Segev
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Leroy Storsley
- Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amit X Garg
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ontario, Canada.
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Fry-Revere S, Chen D, Bastani B, Golestani S, Agarwal R, Kugathasan H, Le M. Coercion, dissatisfaction, and social stigma: an ethnographic study of compensated living kidney donation in Iran. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 52:2403-2414. [PMID: 29480443 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article updates the qualitative research on Iran reported in the 2012 article by Tong et al. "The experiences of commercial kidney donors: thematic synthesis of qualitative research" (Tong et al. in Transpl Int 25:1138-1149, 2012). The basic approach used in the Tong et al. article is applied to a more recent and more comprehensive study of Iranian living organ donors, providing a clearer picture of what compensated organ donation is like in Iran since the national government began regulating compensated donation. Iran is the only country in the world where kidney selling is legal, regulated, and subsidized by the national government. This article focuses on three themes: (1) coercion and other pressures to donate, (2) donor satisfaction with their donation experience, and (3) whether donors fear social stigma. We found no evidence of coercion, but 68% of the paid living organ donors interviewed felt pressure to donate due to extreme poverty or other family pressures. Even though 27% of the living kidney donors interviewed said they were satisfied with their donation experience, 74% had complaints about the donation process or its results, including some of the donors who said they were satisfied. In addition, 84% of donors indicated they feared experiencing social stigma because of their kidney donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Fry-Revere
- American Living Organ Donor Network, 40357 Featherbed Lane, Lovettsville, VA, 20180, USA.
| | | | - Bahar Bastani
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Melissa Le
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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23
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The shortage of organs from deceased donors has led to more living donation. Furthermore, immunological developments have made it possible to perform kidney transplantation despite preformed antibodies against the donor organ. This has led to a broader recruitment base of living donors. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate experiences and considerations on becoming, and during the process of being, a living kidney donor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Interviews and participant observation were conducted before, during and after the donation. Data were analysed in accordance with Ricoeur's theory of interpretation on three levels: naïve reading, structural analysis and critical interpretation and discussion. Eighteen potential donors over the age of 18 were included. RESULTS Potential donors' decision to donate was based on a desire to help the recipient. At all stages of the process, donors experienced joy, dilemmas, vulnerability and hope. Rejected donors experienced frustration and disappointment. The accepted donors experienced both joy and vulnerability. Interaction between the donor and the recipient and the relatives played a significant role. The transition from being a healthy individual to being a surgical patient was an overwhelming experience. CONCLUSION The process of donating a kidney and the return to everyday life involved significant experiences of joy, dilemmas, vulnerability and hope that influenced donors' lives on physical, psychological and social levels. Support and clear communication from the health professionals was essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Agerskov
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Claus Bistrup
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Birthe D Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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Inker LA, Koraishy FM, Goyal N, Lentine KL. Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate and End-Stage Kidney Disease Risk in Living Kidney Donor Candidates: A Paradigm for Evaluation, Selection, and Counseling. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018; 25:21-30. [PMID: 29499883 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Living donor kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment option for ESRD. However, recent data suggest a small increase in the long-term risk of kidney failure in living kidney donors when compared to healthy nondonors. These data have led to a need for reconsideration of how donor candidates are evaluated and selected for donation. A Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) work group completed a comprehensive clinical practice guideline for evaluation of living kidney donor candidates in 2017, based on systematic evidence review, de novo evidence generation, and expert opinion. Central to the evaluation framework is assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is used to screen for kidney disease and aid the prediction of long-term kidney failure risk after donation. Accurate estimation of the level of GFR and risk of kidney failure, and communication of estimated risks, can support evidence-based donor selection and shared decision-making. In this review, we discuss approaches to optimal GFR estimation in the donor evaluation process, long-term risk projection, and risk communication to donor candidates, integrating recommendations from the new KDIGO guideline, other recent literature, and experience from our own research and practice. We conclude by highlighting topics for further research in this important area of transplant medicine.
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25
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The risks following living kidney donation has been the subject of rigorous investigation in the past several decades. How to utilize the burgeoning new knowledge base to better the risk assessment, education, and health maintenance of donors is unclear. We review the physiologic and epidemiologic evidences on the post-donation state and submit a multiple-hit hypothesis to reconcile the finite elevation in risk of kidney disease after donation with the benign course of most kidney donors. Recent Findings The risk of end-stage kidney disease is higher in kidney donors compared to similarly healthy non-kidney donors. Nonetheless, post-donation kidney disease is uncommon and arises mostly in the setting of other “hits”—either a “first hit” present at birth or a “second hit” acquired later in life. Summary The transplant community’s focus should be directed toward (1) personalized risk assessment to inform consent before donation and (2) preventing and treating development of “second hits” following kidney donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing S. Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 750 Welch Road, Suite 200, Mail code 5785, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Richard J. Glassock
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Krista L. Lentine
- Division of Nephrology, Saint Louis University Center for Abdominal Transplantation, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Glenn M. Chertow
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 750 Welch Road, Suite 200, Mail code 5785, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Jane C. Tan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 750 Welch Road, Suite 200, Mail code 5785, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
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26
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van Londen M, Hessels NR, Pol RA, Navis G. BMI and short-term outcomes in living kidney donors: Where surgery and nephrology meet: High BMI and male sex as risk factor for increased short-term renal impairment in living kidney donors - Retrospective analysis of 289 consecutive cases. Int J Surg 2017; 48:313-314. [PMID: 29017865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco van Londen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Niek R Hessels
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Pol
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Unger LW, Feka J, Sabler P, Rasoul-Rockenschaub S, Györi G, Hofmann M, Schwarz C, Soliman T, Böhmig G, Kainz A, Salat A, Berlakovich GA. High BMI and male sex as risk factor for increased short-term renal impairment in living kidney donors - Retrospective analysis of 289 consecutive cases. Int J Surg 2017; 46:172-177. [PMID: 28912105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation represents the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, nephrectomy bears certain short- as well as long-term risks for the healthy, voluntary donor. As obesity is increasing and is a known risk factor for surgical complications, we wanted to assess the impact of BMI on perioperative complication rates and renal function. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively assessed patients undergoing living donor kidney nephrectomy at our institution. We identified 289 donors that underwent unilateral nephrectomy between January 2006 and December 2015. Donors were categorized according to their BMI (BMI <25 kg/m2, BMI ≥25/<30 kg/m2, BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Where indicated, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare groups, a stepwise linear regression model was used to assess impact of BMI on the change of eGFR. RESULTS 126 donors (43.6%) had a BMI <25 while 120 (41.5%) had a BMI ≥25/<30 and 43 (14.9%) were obese with a BMI ≥30. BMI had no statistically significant influence on the percentage of laparoscopic approach (86.5% vs. 83.3% vs. 88.4%, p = 0.6564), on conversion rates (0% vs. 2.0% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.2879) or postoperative complication rates defined as Clavien Dindo ≥ II (8.7% vs. 13.3% vs. 14.0%, respectively; p = 0.4474). Notably, there were no Grade III or higher complications in any group. There was no difference in pre-operative kidney function, postoperative surgical site infection or systemic infection. BMI and male sex had a statistically significant influence on short-term decline of eGFR. CONCLUSION Obese donors do not suffer from an increased risk of intraoperative or perioperative complication rates. However, male sex and high BMI are associated with a more pronounced short-term decline in renal function. The impact of BMI on long-term consequences for kidney donors needs to be defined in larger prospective cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas W Unger
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joy Feka
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Sabler
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Rasoul-Rockenschaub
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Györi
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hofmann
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Schwarz
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Soliman
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Böhmig
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Kainz
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Salat
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriela A Berlakovich
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Marcusa DP, Schaubel DE, Woodside KJ, Sung RS. Impact of screening for metabolic syndrome on the evaluation of obese living kidney donors. Am J Surg 2017; 215:144-150. [PMID: 28882358 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report our experience with metabolic syndrome screening for obese living kidney donor candidates to mitigate the long-term risk of CKD. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 814 obese (BMI≥30) and 993 nonobese living kidney donor evaluations over 12 years. Using logistic regression, we explored interactions between social/clinical variables and candidate acceptance before and after policy implementation. RESULTS Obese donor candidate acceptance decreased after metabolic syndrome screening began (56.3%, 46.3%, p < 0.01), while nonobese candidate acceptance remained similar (59.6%, 59.2%, p = 0.59). Adjusting for age, gender, race, BMI, and number of prior evaluations, acceptance of obese candidates decreased significantly more than nonobese (p = 0.025). In candidates without metabolic syndrome, there was no significant change in how age, sex, race, or BMI affected a donor candidate's probability of acceptance. CONCLUSION Metabolic syndrome screening is a simple stratification tool for centers with liberal absolute BMI cut-offs to exclude potentially higher-risk obese candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Marcusa
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Randall S Sung
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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29
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Ralph AF, Butow P, Hanson CS, Chadban SJ, Chapman JR, Craig JC, Kanellis J, Luxton G, Tong A. Donor and Recipient Views on Their Relationship in Living Kidney Donation: Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies. Am J Kidney Dis 2016; 69:602-616. [PMID: 27889296 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many donors and recipients report an improved relationship after transplantation; however, tension, neglect, guilt, and proprietorial concern over the recipient can impede donor and recipient well-being and outcomes. We aimed to describe donor and recipient expectations and experiences of their relationship in the context of living kidney donation. STUDY DESIGN Thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. SETTING & POPULATION Living kidney donors and recipients. SEARCH STRATEGY & SOURCES Electronic databases were searched to October 2015. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Thematic synthesis. RESULTS From 40 studies involving 1,440 participants (889 donors and 551 recipients) from 13 countries, we identified 6 themes. "Burden of obligation" described the recipient's perpetual sense of duty to demonstrate gratitude to the donor. "Earning acceptance" was the expectation that donation would restore relationships. "Developing a unique connection" reflected the inexplicable bond that donor-recipient dyads developed postdonation. "Desiring attention" was expressed by donors who wanted recognition for the act of donation and were envious and resentful of the attention the recipient received. "Retaining kidney ownership" reflected the donor's inclination to ensure that the recipient protected "their" kidney. "Enhancing social participation" encompassed relieving both the caregiver from the constraints of dialysis and the recipient from increased involvement and contribution in family life. LIMITATIONS Non-English articles were excluded. CONCLUSIONS Living kidney donation can strengthen donor-recipient relationships but may trigger or exacerbate unresolved angst, tension, jealousy, and resentment. Facilitating access to pre- and posttransplantation psychological support that addresses potential relationship changes may help donors and recipients better adjust to changes in the relationship dynamics, which in turn may contribute to improved psychosocial and transplantation outcomes following living kidney donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique F Ralph
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Phyllis Butow
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Medical Psychology & Evidence-based Decision-making, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Camilla S Hanson
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Steve J Chadban
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Transplantation Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeremy R Chapman
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Craig
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - John Kanellis
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health and Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant Luxton
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Allison Tong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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30
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Thiel GT, Nolte C, Tsinalis D, Steiger J, Bachmann LM. Investigating kidney donation as a risk factor for hypertension and microalbuminuria: findings from the Swiss prospective follow-up of living kidney donors. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010869. [PMID: 27006347 PMCID: PMC4809071 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the role of nephrectomy as a risk factor for the development of hypertension and microalbuminuria. DESIGN Prospective, long-term follow-up study. SETTING Swiss Organ Living-Donor Health Registry. PARTICIPANTS All living kidney donors in Switzerland between 1993 and 2009. INTERVENTIONS Data on health status and renal function before 1 year and biennially after donation were collected. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Comparison of 1-year and 5-year occurrences of hypertension among normotensive donors with 1-year and 5-year estimates from the Framingham hypertension risk score. Multivariate random intercept models were used to investigate changes of albumin excretion after donation, correcting for repeated measurements and cofactors such as age, male gender and body mass index. RESULTS A total of 1214 donors contributed 3918 data entries with a completed biennial follow-up rate of 74% during a 10-year period. Mean (SD) follow-up of donors was 31.6 months (34.4). Median age at donation was 50.5 years (IQR 42.2-58.8); 806 donors (66.4%) were women. Donation increased the risk of hypertension after 1 year by 3.64 (95% CI 3.52 to 3.76; p<0.001). Those participants remaining normotensive 1 year after donation return to a risk similar to that of the healthy Framingham population. Microalbuminuria before donation was dependent on donor age but not on the presence of hypertension. After nephrectomy, hypertension became the main driver for changes in albumin excretion (OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.13 to 2.25; p=0.03) and donor age had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Nephrectomy propagates hypertension and increases susceptibility for the development of hypertension-induced microalbuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert T Thiel
- SOL-DHR (Swiss Organ Living Donor Health Registry), University Hospital in Basel, Switzerland, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christa Nolte
- SOL-DHR (Swiss Organ Living Donor Health Registry), University Hospital in Basel, Switzerland, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Tsinalis
- SOL-DHR (Division of Nephrology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, Switzerland),St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Steiger
- SOL-DHR (Swiss Organ Living Donor Health Registry), University Hospital in Basel, Switzerland, Basel, Switzerland
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Bailey PK, Ben-Shlomo Y, de Salis I, Tomson C, Owen-Smith A. Better the donor you know? A qualitative study of renal patients' views on 'altruistic' live-donor kidney transplantation. Soc Sci Med 2015; 150:104-11. [PMID: 26745864 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the UK there is a short-fall between individuals requiring a renal transplant and kidneys available for transplantation. Non-directed 'altruistic' living kidney donation has emerged as a strategy for bridging this gap between supply and demand, with the number increasing each year. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the views of potential recipients towards non-directed 'altruistic' live-donor kidney transplantation. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with 32 UK deceased-donor kidney transplant recipients were performed. Interviews explored willingness to consider directed and non-directed live-donor kidney transplants (LDKTs). Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and transcripts were analysed using the constant comparison method described in Grounded Theory. RESULTS For those not willing to accept a non-directed 'altruistic' LDKT, the following themes were identified: i) Prioritising other recipients above self; ii) Fear of acquiring an unknown donor's characteristics, and iii) Concern for the donor - unnecessary risk. For those willing to accept a non-directed 'altruistic' LDKT the following themes were identified: iv) Prioritising known above unknown persons, v) Belief that they are as deserving as other potential recipients, and vi) Advantages of a LDKT. CONCLUSIONS Drawing on 'gift exchange theory', this study contributes to our understanding of the experience of the intended recipient of a gift. The anonymity of the donor-recipient appears to be seen as a benefit of non-directed 'altruistic' live-donor transplants, freeing recipients from the obligations of the gift. However, those who feel unworthy of the 'gifted transplant' are concerned about the donor and by the lack of opportunity for direct reciprocity. Highlighting the 'reciprocal benefits' reported by donors may allow individuals whose preference is a live-donor transplant to accept one if offered. These insights provide the transplant community with targets for intervention, through which the concerns of potential recipients might be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillippa K Bailey
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Isabel de Salis
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Charles Tomson
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Amanda Owen-Smith
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
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Agerskov H, Ludvigsen MS, Bistrup C, Pedersen BD. From donation to everyday life: Living kidney donors' experiences three months after donation. J Ren Care 2015; 42:43-52. [PMID: 26463844 DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the number of patients with end stage kidney disease continues to rise internationally, living kidney donation remains a favourable treatment option. Long waiting times on dialysis can be avoided and short and long-term outcomes are better, when compared with deceased donor transplantation. Living kidney donation is a safe procedure for healthy individuals who have completed a rigorous screening programme. Significant experiences can occur during the recovery period. OBJECTIVE To investigate donors' experiences of donation and their recovery period, in the first three months after donation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study took a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. Open interviews were conducted three months after donation. Data were interpreted and discussed in accordance with Ricoeur's text interpretation theory on three levels: naïve reading, structural analysis and critical interpretation and discussion. FINDINGS The donation process was experienced as an 'expedition', including preparations, the operation, recovery and everyday life. Positive feelings were challenging to describe; however health troubles and vulnerability were evident. A closer relationship and a need to follow the recipient's progress implied that patient and donor felt they were a part of each other. Support from relatives was important but could also be a burden. CONCLUSION The kidney donation process is experienced as being like on an expedition, involving positive feelings, vulnerability, a closer patient-donor relationship and challenges around family relationships. It is essential that nurses are aware of the complexity of the situation and focus on the impact of the process, to support and facilitate donors' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Agerskov
- Research Unit of Nursing, University of Southern Denmark Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Bistrup
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birthe D Pedersen
- Research Unit of Nursing, University of Southern Denmark, Funen, Denmark
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Abstract
BACKGROUND When possible, renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage kidney disease. Technological developments in immunology have made it possible to perform kidney transplants between donors and recipients despite antibodies against the donor organ. This allows for a wider range of relationships between recipient and donor. We investigated experiences of, and reflections on, kidney donation among genetic and non-genetic living donors before first consultation at the transplant centre. OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate early experiences in the process of becoming a living kidney donor (LKD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted within a phenomenological-hermeneutic theoretical framework. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews with 18 potential donors. Data were interpreted and discussed in accordance with the Ricoeur's text interpretation theory on the three levels of naïve reading, structural analysis and critical interpretation and discussion. RESULTS Two themes emerged: the decision-making process and dilemmas in decision-making. The study identifies that the decision about donation was made in relation to one's own life, family situation and in relation to the recipient-considerations that demonstrate that a range of dilemmas can occur during the decision-making process. The desire to help was prominent and was of significance in decision-making. CONCLUSION The study provides insight and knowledge for the health care professionals to meet and involve donors' narratives in reflections about and modifications to clinical nursing practice. It is essential that health care professionals have an understanding and appreciation of the experiences and concerns among LKDs, and this can help in planning and providing individual nursing care and support to donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Agerskov
- Research Unit of Nursing, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
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Abstract
Living kidney donation is an important option for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and has improved life expectancy and quality for patients otherwise requiring maintenance dialysis or deceased-donor transplantation. Given the favorable outcomes of live donation and the shortage of organs to transplant, individuals with potentially unfavorable demographic and clinical characteristics are increasingly being permitted to donate kidneys. While this trend has successfully expanded the live donor pool, it has raised concerns as to which acceptance criteria are safe. This review aims to summarize the existing literature on the outcomes of transplantation from medically complex, living kidney donors, including both donor and recipient outcomes when available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Niemi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 185 Pilgrim Road, Farr 8 Boston, MA 02215
| | - Didier A Mandelbrot
- The Transplant Center Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 110 Francis Street, LMOB 7 Boston, MA 02215
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