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Klitgaard M, Kristensen MN, Venkatasubramanian R, Guerra P, Jacobsen J, Berthelsen R, Rades T, Müllertz A. Assessing acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in rats and its impact on gastrointestinal fluids. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1484-1499. [PMID: 36913104 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is commonly used to induce colitis in rats. While the DSS-induced colitis rat model can be used to test new oral drug formulations for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, the effect of the DSS treatment on the gastrointestinal tract has not been thoroughly characterized. Additionally, the use of different markers to assess and confirm successful induction of colitis is somewhat inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the DSS model to improve the preclinical evaluation of new oral drug formulations. The induction of colitis was evaluated based on the disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length, histological tissue evaluation, spleen weight, plasma C-reactive protein, and plasma lipocalin-2. Furthermore, the study investigated how the DSS-induced colitis affected the luminal pH, lipase activity, and concentrations of bile salts, polar lipids, and neutral lipids. For all evaluated parameters, healthy rats were used as a reference. The DAI score, colon length, and histological evaluation of the colon were effective disease indicators in DSS-induced colitis rats, while spleen weight, plasma C-reactive protein, and plasma lipocalin-2 were not. The luminal pH of the colon and bile salt- and neutral lipid concentrations in regions of the small intestine were lower in DSS-induced rats compared to healthy rats. Overall, the colitis model was deemed relevant for investigating ulcerative colitis-specific formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Klitgaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Nørgaard Kristensen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Priscila Guerra
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jette Jacobsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ragna Berthelsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Bioneer:FARMA, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Wang W, Tang W, Wang X, Liu W, Zhu F. Genes from Carboxypeptidase A, glutathione S-transferase, and cytochrome b families were found involved in lead transport in insect Musca domestica. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 230:113113. [PMID: 34968798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a typical toxic contamination source all over the world. In this research, larvae of the housefly (Musca domestica) were fed a Pb-contaminated diet at different Pb doses of 0, 20 and 5000 mg/kg. RNA sequencing was used to identify genes that were differentially expressed in relation to lead transport or detoxification. RNA interference (RNAi) was carried on 12 candidate genes. The results showed that three luminal pH regions of mid-gut were at pH values of 6.33, 3.10, and 7.80. With increasing Pb concentration, the pH of the middle mid-gut decreased by one unit. The expression levels of carboxypeptidase A (CPA1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cytochrome b (Cyt b) were linked to Pb treatments, particularly high Pb concentration of 5000 mg/kg. RNAi-mediated down expression of CPA1, GST2, and CYTb-c1 resulted in low Pb accumulation in the larvae of 5000 mg/kg Pb group. These proteins played key roles in Pb transport and detoxification in M. domestica larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiang Wang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wenzheng Tang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fen Zhu
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Park YJ, Rahman MS, Pang WK, Ryu DY, Kim B, Pang MG. Bisphenol A affects the maturation and fertilization competence of spermatozoa. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 196:110512. [PMID: 32244115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although there are numerous studies on bisphenol A (BPA) on the testis and spermatozoa, the effect of BPA on the physiological link between the testis and maturation of spermatozoa has not been studied. To provide an optimal environment (acidic pH) for sperm maturation in the epididymis, clear cells secrete protons and principal cells reabsorb bicarbonate and the secreted proton. Because of its crucial role in sperm maturation and fertility, functional changes in the epididymis following BPA exposure must be considered to fully understand the mechanisms of BPA on male fertility. Here, we identified the adverse effects of BPA exposure during puberty in male mice. CD-1 male mice were gavaged daily with vehicle (corn oil) and 50 mg BPA/kg-BW for 6 weeks. We determined the changes in epididymis, functional sperm parameters including motility, capacitation status, tyrosine phosphorylation, and fertility-related protein expression and in vitro and in vivo fertility rate following BPA exposure. Expression of vacuolar-type H + -ATPase is necessary for the secretion of protons by clear cells of the caput epididymis and was directly down-regulated following BPA exposure, while there were no changes in the other epithelial cell types in the epididymis. Also, pERK 1/2 signaling pathway was increased significantly in the caput epididymis following BPA exposure. Consequently, the luminal pH slightly increased, resulting in premature capacitation of spermatozoa. Moreover, there was a significant loss of the acrosomal membrane following an increase of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, while PKA activity decreased during sperm capacitation. Fertility-related proteins also showed aberrant expression upon BPA exposure. These modifications resulted in decreased male fertility in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Jin Park
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chgroung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chgroung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chgroung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Yeal Ryu
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chgroung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongki Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam-do, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chgroung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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