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Martorell Ribera J, Nipkow M, Viergutz T, Brunner RM, Bochert R, Koll R, Goldammer T, Gimsa U, Rebl A. Early response of salmonid head-kidney cells to stress hormones and toll-like receptor ligands. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 98:950-961. [PMID: 31770645 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The functional spectrum of the teleostean head kidney covers haematopoietic, immune and endocrine signalling pathways with physiological effects that are likely to conflict if activated at the same time. An in vivo experiment on the salmonid fish maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena) revealed that the head kidney shows a remarkably strong response after injection of Aeromonas salmonicida within 48 h. In order to investigate the potential influence of endocrine signalling on the initiation of immune responses, we established a primary culture of head-kidney cells of maraena whitefish. For the characterisation of this model system, we used flow cytometry complemented with an extensive panel of immunological/haematological and stress-physiological/neuroendocrinological qPCR assays. More than one third of the cells expressed the characteristic signature of myeloid cells, while more than half of the cells expressed those genes typical for lymphocytes and monocytes. In parallel, we quantified the expression of genes encoding endocrine receptors and identified ADRA2D as by far the most highly expressed adrenergic-receptor gene in head-kidney cells. The stimulation of the head-kidney cells with toll-like receptor ligands induced the expression of typical immune genes (IL1B, CXCL8, TNF, SAA) after only 1 h. The incubation with the stress hormones cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline also had an immune-activating effect, though less pronounced. However, cortisol had the strongest suppressive effect on the stimulation-induced immune response, while adrenaline exerted a comparably weaker effect and noradrenaline was almost ineffective. Moreover, we found that cortisol reduced the expression of genes coding for adrenergic and some glucocorticoid receptors, while noradrenaline increased it. In conclusion, the primary head-kidney cells of maraena whitefish reflect the immunological and neuroendocrinological diversity of the entire organ. This in vitro system allowed thus identifying the correlative changes between the activities of hormones and immune factors in salmonid fish in order to contribute to a better understanding of the regulation circuit between stress and immune defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Martorell Ribera
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany; FBN, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Psychophysiology Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Mareen Nipkow
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Viergutz
- FBN, Institute of Reproductive Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ronald M Brunner
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Bochert
- Research Station Aquaculture Born, Institute of Fisheries, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Research Centre for Agriculture and Fisheries (LFA MV), Südstraße 8, 18375, Born/Darss, Germany
| | - Raphael Koll
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gimsa
- FBN, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Psychophysiology Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Nipkow M, Wirthgen E, Luft P, Rebl A, Hoeflich A, Goldammer T. Characterization of igf1 and igf2 genes during maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena) ontogeny and the effect of temperature on embryogenesis and igf expression. Growth Horm IGF Res 2018; 40:32-43. [PMID: 29723762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors IGF-1 and IGF-2 play important roles in the growth, development, and metabolism of teleost fish. We isolated cDNA sequences of igf1, and igf2 genes from maraena whitefish. We quantified the mRNA and protein expressions of IGFs in different tissues of marketable juvenile maraena whitefish. Moreover, we analyzed the gene expression profiles during maraena whitefish development from unfertilized egg to fingerling and examined the effect of incubation temperature on igf1, and igf2 gene expression during embryonic and early larval development. Transcripts encoding IGF-1 or IGF-2 were detected in all tested tissues, with the greatest abundance in the liver. We measured higher igf2 than igf1 copy numbers in all tissues and at all developmental stages examined, even at advanced juvenile stages. Using the Western blot technique, we demonstrated that several isoforms of IGF-1 are expressed in the liver and gills but not in muscle tissue, indicating tissue-specific protein expression of IGF-1. We observed an accelerated embryonic development with increasing temperature, resulting in shortened hatching periods. Out of the three tested temperatures, we observed the highest hatching rate, larval hatching size, and larval growth at 6 °C. At 9 °C, hatching rate, larval hatching size and larval growth were reduced compared to the values we observed at 4 °C and 6 °C, since incubation temperature might have exceeded the optimum. To our knowledge, our data show for the first time that both igf1 and igf2 expression were upregulated due to elevated incubation temperature within embryonic development of fish. Further, we found significantly higher igf expression for the best-developing larvae (6 °C group) at specific life stages of maraena whitefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareen Nipkow
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Elisa Wirthgen
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Signal Transduction Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Peter Luft
- Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Research Centre for Agriculture and Fisheries (LFA M-V), Institute for Fishery, Südstraße 8, 18375 Born/Darß, Germany.
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Signal Transduction Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Altmann S, Korytář T, Kaczmarzyk D, Nipkow M, Kühn C, Goldammer T, Rebl A. Toll-like receptors in maraena whitefish: Evolutionary relationship among salmonid fishes and patterns of response to Aeromonas salmonicida. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 54:391-401. [PMID: 27131902 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) interact directly with particular pathogenic structures and are thus highly important to innate immunity. The present manuscript characterises a suite of 14 TLRs in maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena), a salmonid species with increasing importance for aquaculture. Whitefish TLRs were structurally and evolutionary analysed. The results revealed a close relationship with TLRs from salmonid fish species rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon. Profiling the baseline expression of TLR genes in whitefish indicated that mainly members of the TLR11 family were highly expressed across all investigated tissues. A stimulation model with inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida was used to induce inflammation in the peritoneal cavity of whitefish. This bacterial challenge induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and evoked a strong influx of granulated cells of myeloid origin into the peritoneal cavity. As a likely consequence, the abundance of TLR-encoding transcripts increased moderately in peritoneal cells, with the highest levels of transcripts encoding non-mammalian TLR22a and a soluble TLR5 variant. In the course of inflammation, the proportion of granulated cells increased in peripheral blood accompanied by elevated TLR copy numbers in spleen and simultaneously reduced TLR copy numbers in head kidney at day 3 post-stimulation. Altogether, the present study provides in-vivo evidence for relatively modest TLR response patterns, but marked trafficking of myeloid cells as an immunophysiological consequence of A. salmonicida inflammation in whitefish. The present results contribute to improved understanding of the host-pathogen interaction in salmonid fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Altmann
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tomáš Korytář
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Immunology, Laboratory for Comparative Immunology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Danuta Kaczmarzyk
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Proteomics, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 10450 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mareen Nipkow
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Kühn
- State Research Centre for Agriculture and Fishery (LFA M-V), Institute for Fishery, Fischerweg 408, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Brietzke A, Borchel A, Altmann S, Nipkow M, Rebl A, Brunner RM, Goldammer T. Transcriptome sequencing of maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena). Mar Genomics 2016; 29:27-29. [PMID: 27270125 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena, Bloch, 1779) is a high-quality food fish belonging to the family Salmonidae with considerable economic relevance in the Baltic area. Aquaculture of this species is fundamental for its successful conservation and thus sustainable fisheries. Robust fishes obtained from breeding lines build the basis for effective aquaculture. Doubtless, the utilization of transcriptome sequencing and identification of genetic markers contribute to this aim. 454 FLX Titanium Sequencing provided 1.31 million sequence reads representing a first insight into the C. maraena transcriptome. The 454 Newbler Assembly arranged 29,094 contigs with an average length of 798bp. We found a whole series of transcripts highly probably resulting from ancient genome duplication and annotated 2887 different transcripts with an average length of 812bp. Functional annotation obtained a transcript composition predominantly comprising enzyme-coding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brietzke
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Borchel
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany; SLRC - Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgata 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Simone Altmann
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Mareen Nipkow
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ronald M Brunner
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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