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He P, He B, Li S, Chai W, Rao W, Zhu Y, Chen W, Zhang P, Zhang X, Pan H, Xu R. Distribution Features and Potential Effects of Serotonin in the Cerebrum of SOD1 G93A Transgenic Mice. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0001-22.2022. [PMID: 36265904 PMCID: PMC9651208 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0001-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) participates in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but its effects have not been completely clarified. Therefore, we observed the distribution features and potential effects of 5-HT in the cerebrum of G93A SOD1 transgenic (TG) and wild-type (WT) mice by fluorescence immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, ELISA, as well as motor function measurements. Both 5-HT and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) were mainly present in the limbic systems of the cerebrum, such as the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, nucleus accumbens, cingulate, fimbria of the hippocampus, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, habenular nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamus nucleus, lateral hypothalamus area, dorsal raphe nucleus, and piriform cortex. TPH2 and 5-HT were expressed in cell bodies in the dorsal raphe nucleus and piriform cortex, while in other regions they were distributed as filaments and clump shapes in axons. The TPH2 distribution in the cerebrum of TG was significantly lower than that in WT in preset, onset, and progression stages. TPH2 expression in the fimbria of the hippocampus, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, habenular nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamus nucleus and lateral hypothalamus area was increased in the onset stage and decreased in the progression stage, gradually decreased in the cingulate with disease progression and significantly decreased in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb and nucleus accumbens in the onset stage in TG. The number of mammalian achaete-scute homolog-1 in the subventricular zone (SVZ) in TG was significantly lower than that in WT, which was correlated with the TPH2 distribution. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that TPH2, mammalian achaete-scute homolog-1 and 5-HT were mainly expressed in neurons but rarely expressed in microglia or astrocytes in the piriform cortex. The relative fluorescence density of TPH2 in the cingulate region was negatively correlated with the disease severity. Our findings suggest that 5-HT plays a protective role in ALS, likely by regulating neural stem cells in the subventricular zone that might be involved in neuron development in the piriform cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei He
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Binjun He
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Wen Chai
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Wei Rao
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Wenzhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Haili Pan
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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Ye X, Wu Y, Xu J, Liu H, Wang H, Li Q, Li Q, Xuan A. PPARβ mediates mangiferin-induced neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells through DNA demethylation. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106235. [PMID: 35472635 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is heavily implicated in the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric disorders. The mangiferin (MGF), a bioactive compound of the mango, reportedly produces biological effects on a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the function and underlying mechanisms of MGF in regulating hippocampal neurogenesis remain unknown. Here we discovered that the transcriptome and methylome of MGF-induced neural stem cells (NSCs) are distinct from the control. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the diferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were signifcantly enriched in the PPARs. Furthermore, we found that MGF enhanced neuronal differentiation and proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) via PPARβ but not PPARα and PPARγ. The combination of WGBS and RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression of some neurogenesis genes was negatively correlated with the DNA methylation level generally. We further found that PPARβ increased demethylation of Mash1 promoter by modulating the expressions of active and passive DNA demethylation enzymes in MGF-treated NSCs. Importantly, genetic deficiency of PPARβ decreased hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult mice, whereas the defective neurogenesis was notably rescued by Mash1 overexpression. Our findings uncover a model that PPARβ-mediated DNA demethylation of Mash1 contributes to MGF-induced neuronal genesis, and advance the concept that targeting PPARβ-TET1/DNMT3a-Mash1 axis regulation of neurogenesis might serve as a novel neurotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Ye
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yuanfei Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jiamin Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Aiguo Xuan
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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Hsu CC, Seta Y, Matsuyama K, Kataoka S, Nakatomi M, Toyono T, Gunjigake KK, Kuroishi KN, Kawamoto T. Mash1-expressing cells may be relevant to type III cells and a subset of PLCβ2-positive cell differentiation in adult mouse taste buds. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:667-675. [PMID: 32960355 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian taste bud cells have a limited lifespan and differentiate into type I, II, and III cells from basal cells (type IV cells) (postmitotic precursor cells). However, little is known regarding the cell lineage within taste buds. In this study, we investigated the cell fate of Mash1-positive precursor cells utilizing the Cre-loxP system to explore the differentiation of taste bud cells. We found that Mash1-expressing cells in Ascl1CreERT2::CAG-floxed tdTomato mice differentiated into taste bud cells that expressed aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and carbonic anhydrase IV (CA4) (type III cell markers), but did not differentiate into most of gustducin (type II cell marker)-positive cells. Additionally, we found that Mash1-expressing cells could differentiate into phospholipase C β2 (PLCβ2)-positive cells, which have a shorter lifespan compared with AADC- and CA4-positive cells. These results suggest that Mash1-positive precursor cells could differentiate into type III cells, but not into most of type II cells, in the taste buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chien Hsu
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan.,Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Yuji Seta
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan.
| | - Kae Matsuyama
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Shinji Kataoka
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyono
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Kaori K Gunjigake
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Kayoko N Kuroishi
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kawamoto
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan
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Luque-Molina I, Shi Y, Abdullah Y, Monaco S, Hölzl-Wenig G, Mandl C, Ciccolini F. The Orphan Nuclear Receptor TLX Represses Hes1 Expression, Thereby Affecting NOTCH Signaling and Lineage Progression in the Adult SEZ. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:132-146. [PMID: 31178417 PMCID: PMC6626847 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult subependymal zone (SEZ), neural stem cells (NSCs) apically contacting the lateral ventricle on activation generate progenitors proliferating at the niche basal side. We here show that Tailless (TLX) coordinates NSC activation and basal progenitor proliferation by repressing the NOTCH effector Hes1. Consistent with this, besides quiescence Hes1 expression also increases on Tlx mutation. Since HES1 levels are higher at the apical SEZ, NOTCH activation is increased in Tlx−/− NSCs, but not in surrounding basal progenitors. Underscoring the causative relationship between higher HES1/NOTCH and increased quiescence, downregulation of Hes1 only in mutant NSCs normalizes NOTCH activation and resumes proliferation and neurogenesis not only in NSCs, but especially in basal progenitors. Since pharmacological blockade of NOTCH signaling also promotes proliferation of basal progenitors, we conclude that TLX, by repressing Hes1 expression, counteracts quiescence and NOTCH activation in NSCs, thereby relieving NOTCH-mediated lateral inhibition of proliferation in basal progenitors. TLX autonomously controls quiescence in apical NSCs by repressing Hes1 TLX controls basal progenitor proliferation via NOTCH-mediated lateral inhibition Downregulation of Hes1 in apical Tlx−/− NSCs resumes proliferation and neurogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Inma Luque-Molina
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yomn Abdullah
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Monaco
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Hölzl-Wenig
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Mandl
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Ciccolini
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ando M, Goto M, Hojo M, Kita A, Kitagawa M, Ohtsuka T, Kageyama R, Miyamoto S. The proneural bHLH genes Mash1, Math3 and NeuroD are required for pituitary development. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:127-138. [PMID: 30307165 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multiple signaling molecules and transcription factors are required for pituitary development. Activator-type bHLH genes Mash1, Math, NeuroD (Neurod) and Neurogenin (Neurog) are well known as key molecules in neural development. Although analyses of targeted mouse mutants have demonstrated involvement of these bHLH genes in pituitary development, studies with single-mutant mice could not elucidate their exact functions, because they cooperatively function and compensate each other. The aim of this study was to elucidate the roles of Mash1, Math3 and NeuroD in pituitary development. Mash1;Math3;NeuroD triple-mutant mice were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Misexpression studies with retroviruses in pituisphere cultures were also performed. The triple-mutant adenohypophysis was morphologically normal, though the lumen of the neurohypophysis remained unclosed. However, in triple-mutant pituitaries, somatotropes, gonadotropes and corticotropes were severely decreased, whereas lactotropes were increased. Misexpression of Mash1 alone with retrovirus could not induce generation of hormonal cells, though Mash1 was involved in differentiation of pituitary progenitor cells. These data suggest that Mash1, Math3 and NeuroD cooperatively control the timing of pituitary progenitor cell differentiation and that they are also required for subtype specification of pituitary hormonal cells. Mash1 is necessary for corticotroph and gonadotroph differentiation, and compensated by Math3 and NeuroD. Math3 is necessary for somatotroph differentiation, and compensated by Mash1 and NeuroD. Neurog2 may compensate Mash1, Math3 and NeuroD during pituitary development. Furthermore, Mash1, Math3 and NeuroD are required for neurohypophysis development. Thus, Mash1, Math3 and NeuroD are required for pituitary development, and compensate each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsushige Ando
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Goto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Hojo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga Medical Center for Adults, Shiga, Japan
| | - Aya Kita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Kitagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohtsuka
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
Interneurons play pivotal roles in the modulation of cortical function; however, the mechanisms that control interneuron development remain unclear. This study aimed to explore a new role for Foxg1 in interneuron development. By crossing Foxg1fl/fl mice with a Dlx5/6-Cre line, we determined that conditional disruption of Foxg1 in the subpallium results in defects in interneuron development. In developing interneurons, the expression levels of several receptors, including roundabout-1, Eph receptor A4, and C-X-C motif receptor 4/7, were strongly downregulated, which led to migration defects after Foxg1 ablation. The transcription factors Dlx1/2 and Mash1, which have been reported to be involved in interneuron development, were significantly upregulated at the mRNA levels. Foxg1 mutant cells developed shorter neurites and fewer branches and displayed severe migration defects in vitro. Notably, Prox1, which is a transcription factor that functions as a key regulator in the development of excitatory neurons, was also dramatically upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels, suggesting that Prox1 is also important for interneuron development. Our work demonstrates that Foxg1 may act as a critical upstream regulator of Dlx1/2, Mash1, and Prox1 to control interneuron development. These findings will further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of interneuron development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhengang Yang
- Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Center of Depression, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China
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Pan J, Bishop T, Ratcliffe PJ, Yeger H, Cutz E. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies, presumed airway hypoxia sensors, in hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase-deficient mice. Hypoxia (Auckl) 2016; 4:69-80. [PMID: 27800509 PMCID: PMC5085281 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s103957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs), presumed polymodal airway sensors, consist of innervated clusters of amine (serotonin) and peptide-producing cells. While NEB responses to acute hypoxia are mediated by a membrane-bound O2 sensor complex, responses to sustained and/or chronic hypoxia involve a prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)-hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent mechanism. We have previously reported hyperplasia of NEBs in the lungs of Phd1-/- mice associated with enhanced serotonin secretion. Here we use a novel multilabel immunofluorescence method to assess NEB distribution, frequency, and size, together with the number and size of NEB cell nuclei, and to colocalize multiple cytoplasmic and nuclear epitopes in the lungs of Phd1-/-, Phd2+/-, and Phd3-/- mice and compare them with wild-type controls. To define the mechanisms of NEB cell hyperplasia, we used antibodies against Mash1 and Prox1 (neurogenic genes involved in NEB cell differentiation/maturation), hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, and the cell proliferation marker Ki67. Morphometric analysis of (% total lung area) immunostaining for synaptophysin (% synaptophysin), a cytoplasmic marker of NEB cells, was significantly increased in Phd1-/- and Phd3-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. In addition, NEB size and the number and size of NEB nuclei were also significantly increased, indicating that deficiency of Phds is associated with striking hyperplasia and hypertrophy of NEBs. In Phd2+/- mice, while mean % synaptophysin was comparable to wild-type controls, the NEB size was moderately increased, suggesting an effect even in heterozygotes. NEBs in all Phd-deficient mice showed increased expression of Mash1, Prox1, Ki67, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, in keeping with enhanced differentiation from precursor cells and a minor component of cell proliferation. Since the loss of PHD activity mimics chronic hypoxia, our data provide critical information on the potential role of PHDs in the pathobiology and mechanisms of NEB cell hyperplasia that is relevant to a number of pediatric lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tammie Bishop
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter J Ratcliffe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Herman Yeger
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ernest Cutz
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kito-Shingaki A, Seta Y, Toyono T, Kataoka S, Kakinoki Y, Yanagawa Y, Toyoshima K. Expression of GAD67 and Dlx5 in the taste buds of mice genetically lacking Mash1. Chem Senses 2014; 39:403-14. [PMID: 24682237 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bju010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that a subset of type III taste cells express glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)67, which is a molecule that synthesizes gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and that Mash1 could be a potential regulator of the development of GABAnergic neurons via Dlx transcription factors in the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the expression of GAD67 and Dlx in the embryonic taste buds of the soft palate and circumvallate papilla using Mash1 knockout (KO)/GAD67-GFP knock-in mice. In the wild-type animal, a subset of type III taste cells contained GAD67 in the taste buds of the soft palate and the developing circumvallate papilla, whereas GAD67-expressing taste bud cells were missing from Mash1 KO mice. A subset of type III cells expressed mRNA for Dlx5 in the wild-type animals, whereas Dlx5-expressing cells were not evident in the apical part of the circumvallate papilla and taste buds in the soft palate of Mash1 KO mice. Our results suggest that Mash1 is required for the expression of GAD67 and Dlx5 in taste bud cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayae Kito-Shingaki
- Division of Oral Histology and Neurobiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manaduru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan, Division of Special Needs and Geriatric Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manaduru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Yuji Seta
- Division of Oral Histology and Neurobiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manaduru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan,
| | - Takashi Toyono
- Division of Oral Histology and Neurobiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manaduru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Shinji Kataoka
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manaduru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan and
| | - Yasuaki Kakinoki
- Division of Special Needs and Geriatric Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manaduru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Toyoshima
- Division of Oral Histology and Neurobiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manaduru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
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Wang K, Long Q, Jia C, Liu Y, Yi X, Yang H, Fei Z, Liu W. Over-expression of Mash1 improves the GABAergic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Brain Res Bull 2013; 99:84-94. [PMID: 24144723 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown to be a promising cell type for the study of neuronal differentiation; however, few attempts had been made to differentiate these cells into inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons. In this study, we over-expressed mammalian achaete-scute homologue-1 (Mash1), a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, in Sprague-Dawley rat BMSCs via lentiviral vectors, and then induced neuronal differentiation of these cells using conditioned medium. Our Western blot results show that, under conditions of differentiation, Mash1-overexpressing BMSCs exhibit an increased expression of neuronal markers and a greater degree of neuronal morphology compared to control, non-Mash1-overexpressing cells. Using immunocytochemistry, we observed increased expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), as well as neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) and β3-tubulin, in Mash1-overexpressing BMSCs compared to control cells. Moreover, we also found the differentiated cells showed representative traces of action potentials in electrophysiological characterization. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that over-expression of Mash1 can improve GABAergic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Fourth Military Medical University, No.17 Chang-le West Road, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao 401 Hospital of PLA, No. 22 Minjiang Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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10
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Jones KS, Connor B. Intrinsic regulation of adult subventricular zone neural progenitor cells and the effect of brain injury. Am J Stem Cells 2011; 1:48-58. [PMID: 23671797 PMCID: PMC3643385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Regulation over the generation of adult born neuroblasts and oligodendrocyte precursor cells is governed by a myriad of extracellular signals. These signals must be related into the cell nucleus to regulate cell cycle and cell lineage maturation programmes. This internal regulation is controlled by proneural and anti-neurogenic transcription factors, including Mash1, Pax6, Dlx2 and Olig2. This review will cover how transcription factors regulate adult SVZ neurogenesis; the progression from neural stem cell, to transit amplifying precursor cell, to neuroblast or oligodendrocyte precursor cell, and how transcription factors influence neuronal subtype specification. Changes to transcriptional regulation that occur after brain injury and what this means for endogenous brain repair strategies will also be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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Benko E, Winkelmann A, Meier JC, Persson PB, Scholz H, Fähling M. Phorbol-Ester Mediated Suppression of hASH1 Synthesis: Multiple Ways to Keep the Level Down. Front Mol Neurosci 2011; 4:1. [PMID: 21441980 PMCID: PMC3057490 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2011.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human achaete-scute homolog-1 (hASH1), encoded by the human ASCL1 gene, belongs to the family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. hASH1 and its mammalian homolog Mash1 are expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system during development, and promote early neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, hASH1 is involved in the specification of neuronal subtype identities. Misexpression of the transcription factor is correlated with a variety of tumors, including lung cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of hASH1 regulation, we screened for conditions causing changes in hASH1 gene expression rate. We found that treatment of human neuroblastoma-derived Kelly cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) resulted in a fast, strong and long-lasting suppression of hASH1 synthesis. Reporter gene assays with constructs, in which the luciferase activity was controlled either by the ASCL1 promoter or by the hASH1 mRNA untranslated regions (UTRs), revealed a mainly UTR-dependent mechanism. The hASH1 promoter activity was decreased only after 48 h of PMA administration. Our data indicate that different mechanisms acting consecutively at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level are responsible for hASH1 suppression after PMA treatment. We provide evidence that short term inhibition of hASH1 synthesis is attributed to hASH1 mRNA destabilization, which seems to depend mainly on protein kinase C activity. Under prolonged conditions (48 h), hASH1 suppression is mediated by decreased promoter activity and inhibition of mRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Benko
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
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