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Thigpen MC, Sarath S, Soeung SC, Vichit O, Kitsutani P, Sandhu H, Gregory C, Fischer M, Morn C, Hills SL. Improving community coverage of Japanese encephalitis vaccination: lessons learned from a mass campaign in Battambang Province, Cambodia. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2244. [PMID: 36456999 PMCID: PMC9716727 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A mass Japanese encephalitis (JE) immunization campaign for children aged 9 months through 12 years was conducted in 2013 in Battambang province, western Cambodia. Vaccinators working at almost 2,000 immunization posts in approximately 800 villages provided vaccinations to almost 310,000 children using one dose of Chengdu Institute of Biological Products' live, attenuated SA14-14-2 JE vaccine (CD-JEV), achieving a coverage rate of greater than 90%. Lessons learned, in general for mass vaccination campaigns and specifically for vaccination with CD-JEV, are described. These observations will be of benefit for public health officials and to help inform planning for future campaigns for JE or other vaccine-preventable diseases in Cambodia and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Thigpen
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | | | - Sann Chan Soeung
- grid.415732.6National Immunization Program, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ork Vichit
- grid.415732.6National Immunization Program, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Paul Kitsutani
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Hardeep Sandhu
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Christopher Gregory
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Marc Fischer
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Chheng Morn
- grid.415732.6National Immunization Program, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Susan L. Hills
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO USA
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Scates SS, Finn TP, Wisniewski J, Dadi D, Mandike R, Khamis M, Greer G, Serbantez N, Segbaya S, Owusu P, Mihigo J, Gerberg L, Acosta A, Koenker H, Yukich J. Costs of insecticide-treated bed net distribution systems in sub-Saharan Africa. Malar J 2020; 19:105. [PMID: 32131834 PMCID: PMC7055111 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are one of the most cost-effective measures for preventing malaria. The World Health Organization recommends both large-scale mass distribution campaigns and continuous distributions (CD) as part of a multifaceted strategy to achieve and sustain universal access to ITNs. A combination of these strategies has been effective for scaling up ITN access. For policy makers to make informed decisions on how to efficiently implement CD or combined strategies, information on the costs and cost-effectiveness of these delivery systems is necessary, but relatively few published studies of the cost continuous distribution systems exist. Methods To address the gap in continuous distribution cost data, four types of delivery systems—CD through antenatal care services (ANC) and the expanded programme on immunization (EPI) (Ghana, Mali, and mainland Tanzania), CD through schools (Ghana and mainland Tanzania), and a combined community/health facility-based distribution (Zanzibar, Tanzania), as well as mass distributions (Mali)—were costed. Data on costs were collected retrospectively from financial and operational records, stakeholder interviews, and resource use surveys. Results Overall, from a full provider perspective, mass distributions and continuous systems delivered ITNs at overlapping economic costs per net distributed (mass distributions: 4.37–4.61 USD, CD channels: 3.56–9.90 USD), with two of the school-based systems and the mass distributions at the lower end of this range. From the perspective of international donors, the costs of the CD systems were, for the most part, less costly than the mass distributions (mass distributions: 4.34–4.55 USD, Ghana and Tanzania 2017 school-based: 3.30–3.69 USD, health facility-based: 3.90–4.55 USD, combined community/health facility 4.55 USD). The 2015 school-based distribution (7.30 USD) and 2016 health facility-based distribution (6.52 USD) programmes in Tanzania were an exception. Mass distributions were more heavily financed by donors, while CD relied more extensively on domestic resource contributions. Conclusions These results suggest that CD strategies can continue to deliver nets at a comparable cost to mass distributions, especially from the perspective of the donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Scates
- PMI VectorWorks Project, Department of Tropical Medicine and the Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Timothy P Finn
- PMI VectorWorks Project, Department of Tropical Medicine and the Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Janna Wisniewski
- PMI VectorWorks Project, Department of Tropical Medicine and the Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David Dadi
- PMI VectorWorks Project, Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Renata Mandike
- Tanzania National Malaria Control Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Mwinyi Khamis
- Zanzibar Malaria Elimination Programme, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - George Greer
- U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, US Agency for International Development, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Naomi Serbantez
- U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, US Agency for International Development, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sylvester Segbaya
- PMI VectorWorks Project, Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Prince Owusu
- PMI VectorWorks Project, Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jules Mihigo
- U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, US Agency for International Development, Bamako, Mali
| | - Lilia Gerberg
- U.S President's Malaria Initiative, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Angela Acosta
- PMI VectorWorks Project, Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Koenker
- PMI VectorWorks Project, Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Yukich
- PMI VectorWorks Project, Department of Tropical Medicine and the Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Deceuninck G, Lefebvre B, Tsang R, Betala-Belinga JF, De Serres G, De Wals P. Impact of a mass vaccination campaign against Serogroup B meningococcal disease in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec four years after its launch. Vaccine 2019; 37:4243-4245. [PMID: 31239214 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, 83% of the population ≤20 years (n ≅ 59,500) was immunized in 2014 with the four-component Serogroup B meningococcal vaccine to control a long-lasting outbreak caused by a virulent ST-269 Serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis clone. Following the campaign, invasive meningococcal B disease (B-IMD) incidence fell sharply in the target population from 11.4/100,000 in 2006-2014 to 0.4/100,000 in 2014-2018 (p < 0.0001). Five B-IMD cases occurred in the region from July 2014 to June 2018, including one vaccinated child, one unvaccinated young adult and 3 unvaccinated elderly adults. Estimate of direct vaccine protection was 79% [95%CI:-231%;99%]. The overall campaign impact in the region taking into account the decrease in B-IMD incidence at provincial level was a 86% [95%CI:-2%;98%] decrease in B-IMD risk. The campaign impact was mostly seen in the target age-group suggesting no herd effect among unvaccinated older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Deceuninck
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada.
| | - B Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - R Tsang
- Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - J F Betala-Belinga
- Direction de santé publique de la Région sociosanitaire du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Canada
| | - G De Serres
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada; Direction des risques biologique et de la santé au travail, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - P De Wals
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada; Direction des risques biologique et de la santé au travail, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada.
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Naseri M, Salimi V, Mokhtari-Azad T, Esteghamati A, Gooya MM, Nadji SA, NoroozBabaei Z, Marashi SM, Saadatmand Z, Rezaei F, Hamkar R, Triki H. Molecular Epidemiology of Measles Virus before and after the 2003 Mass Vaccination Campaign for Measles/Rubella in Iran. Iran J Public Health 2011; 40:41-9. [PMID: 23113053 PMCID: PMC3481721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular epidemiology of measles virus (MV) is important, not only to measure the success of measles vaccination programs but also to monitor the circulation and elimination of the virus worldwide. In this study, we compared MV obtained from patients before the 2003 mass vaccination MR campaign and viruses detected after 2003 until 2008 in Iran. METHODS The nucleoprotein (N) gene of 29 MV strains circulating in Iran between 2002 and 2008 were amplified by RT-PCR and subjected to sequence and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Molecular characterization of MV studied here revealed that although the outbreaks in Iran were associated with MV genotype D4, the isolated viruses clearly belonged to several different lineages. Maximum and minimum homology within the 29 Iranian strains in our study was100% and 94.9% within the carboxyl terminus of the N gene, respectively. Using ClustalX program, the alignment of Iranian MV sequences showed nine lineages. CONCLUSION This study provides the usefulness of MV sequence analysis for the demonstration of local interruption of indigenous strain transmission as well as providing a valuable means for monitoring the elimination processes of MV control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Naseri
- Dept. of Virology Lab, Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - V Salimi
- Dept. of Virology Lab, Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - T Mokhtari-Azad
- Dept. of Virology Lab, Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding to author: Tel: +98 21 88950595, Fax: +98 21 88962343, E-mail:
| | - A Esteghamati
- Disease Management Center of Health Ministry, Tehran, Iran
| | - MM Gooya
- Disease Management Center of Health Ministry, Tehran, Iran
| | - SA Nadji
- NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z NoroozBabaei
- Dept. of Virology Lab, Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SM Marashi
- Dept. of Virology Lab, Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Saadatmand
- Dept. of Virology Lab, Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Rezaei
- Dept. of Virology Lab, Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Hamkar
- Dept. of Virology Lab, Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Triki
- Labroatory of Clinical Virology, Institute Pasture, Tunisia
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