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Wongsawat J, Thamthitiwat S, Hicks VJ, Uttayamakul S, Teepruksa P, Sawatwong P, Skaggs B, Mock PA, MacArthur JR, Suya I, Sapchookul P, Kitsutani P, Lo TQ, Vachiraphan A, Kovavisarach E, Rhee C, Darun P, Saepueng K, Waisaen C, Jampan D, Sriboonrat P, Palanuwong B, Sukbut P, Areechokchai D, Pittayawonganon C, Iamsirithaworn S, Bloss E, Rao CY. Characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes related to Zika virus infection during pregnancy in Northeastern Thailand: A prospective pregnancy cohort study, 2018-2020. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012176. [PMID: 38758964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to the 2015-2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak and the causal relationship established between maternal ZIKV infection and adverse infant outcomes, we conducted a cohort study to estimate the incidence of ZIKV infection in pregnancy and assess its impacts in women and infants. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS From May 2018-January 2020, we prospectively followed pregnant women recruited from 134 participating hospitals in two non-adjacent provinces in northeastern Thailand. We collected demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic data and blood and urine at routine antenatal care visits until delivery. ZIKV infections were confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Specimens with confirmed ZIKV underwent whole genome sequencing. Among 3,312 women enrolled, 12 (0.36%) had ZIKV infections, of which two (17%) were detected at enrollment. Ten (83%, 3 in 2nd and 7 in 3rd trimester) ZIKV infections were detected during study follow-up, resulting in an infection rate of 0.15 per 1,000 person-weeks (95% CI: 0.07-0.28). The majority (11/12, 91.7%) of infections occurred in one province. Persistent ZIKV viremia (42 days) was found in only one woman. Six women with confirmed ZIKV infections were asymptomatic until delivery. Sequencing of 8 ZIKV isolates revealed all were of Asian lineage. All 12 ZIKV infected women gave birth to live, full-term infants; the only observed adverse birth outcome was low birth weight in one (8%) infant. Pregnancies in 3,300 ZIKV-rRT-PCR-negative women were complicated by 101 (3%) fetal deaths, of which 67 (66%) had miscarriages and 34 (34%) had stillbirths. There were no differences between adverse fetal or birth outcomes of live infants born to ZIKV-rRT-PCR-positive mothers compared to live infants born to ZIKV-rRT-PCR-negative mothers. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Confirmed ZIKV infections occurred infrequently in this large pregnancy cohort and observed adverse maternal and birth outcomes did not differ between mothers with and without confirmed infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurai Wongsawat
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health, Department of Disease Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Somsak Thamthitiwat
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Victoria J Hicks
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sumonmal Uttayamakul
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health, Department of Disease Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Phanthaneeya Teepruksa
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Pongpun Sawatwong
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Beth Skaggs
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Philip A Mock
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - John R MacArthur
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Inthira Suya
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Patranuch Sapchookul
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Paul Kitsutani
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Terrence Q Lo
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Apichart Vachiraphan
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health, Department of Disease Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Ekachai Kovavisarach
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health, Department of Medical Services, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Chulwoo Rhee
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pamorn Darun
- Bueng Kan Provincial Public Health Office, Bueng Kan, Thailand
| | | | - Chamnan Waisaen
- Bueng Kan Provincial Public Health Office, Bueng Kan, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Darin Areechokchai
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health, Department of Disease Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Sopon Iamsirithaworn
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health, Department of Disease Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Emily Bloss
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Carol Y Rao
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Thigpen MC, Sarath S, Soeung SC, Vichit O, Kitsutani P, Sandhu H, Gregory C, Fischer M, Morn C, Hills SL. Improving community coverage of Japanese encephalitis vaccination: lessons learned from a mass campaign in Battambang Province, Cambodia. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2244. [PMID: 36456999 PMCID: PMC9716727 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A mass Japanese encephalitis (JE) immunization campaign for children aged 9 months through 12 years was conducted in 2013 in Battambang province, western Cambodia. Vaccinators working at almost 2,000 immunization posts in approximately 800 villages provided vaccinations to almost 310,000 children using one dose of Chengdu Institute of Biological Products' live, attenuated SA14-14-2 JE vaccine (CD-JEV), achieving a coverage rate of greater than 90%. Lessons learned, in general for mass vaccination campaigns and specifically for vaccination with CD-JEV, are described. These observations will be of benefit for public health officials and to help inform planning for future campaigns for JE or other vaccine-preventable diseases in Cambodia and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Thigpen
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | | | - Sann Chan Soeung
- grid.415732.6National Immunization Program, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ork Vichit
- grid.415732.6National Immunization Program, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Paul Kitsutani
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Hardeep Sandhu
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Christopher Gregory
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Marc Fischer
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Chheng Morn
- grid.415732.6National Immunization Program, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Susan L. Hills
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO USA
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3
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Lafond KE, Nair H, Rasooly MH, Valente F, Booy R, Rahman M, Kitsutani P, Yu H, Guzman G, Coulibaly D, Armero J, Jima D, Howie SRC, Ampofo W, Mena R, Chadha M, Sampurno OD, Emukule GO, Nurmatov Z, Corwin A, Heraud JM, Noyola DE, Cojocaru R, Nymadawa P, Barakat A, Adedeji A, von Horoch M, Olveda R, Nyatanyi T, Venter M, Mmbaga V, Chittaganpitch M, Nguyen TH, Theo A, Whaley M, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Bresee J, Campbell H, Widdowson MA. Global Role and Burden of Influenza in Pediatric Respiratory Hospitalizations, 1982-2012: A Systematic Analysis. PLoS Med 2016; 13:e1001977. [PMID: 27011229 PMCID: PMC4807087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global burden of pediatric severe respiratory illness is substantial, and influenza viruses contribute to this burden. Systematic surveillance and testing for influenza among hospitalized children has expanded globally over the past decade. However, only a fraction of the data has been used to estimate influenza burden. In this analysis, we use surveillance data to provide an estimate of influenza-associated hospitalizations among children worldwide. METHODS AND FINDINGS We aggregated data from a systematic review (n = 108) and surveillance platforms (n = 37) to calculate a pooled estimate of the proportion of samples collected from children hospitalized with respiratory illnesses and positive for influenza by age group (<6 mo, <1 y, <2 y, <5 y, 5-17 y, and <18 y). We applied this proportion to global estimates of acute lower respiratory infection hospitalizations among children aged <1 y and <5 y, to obtain the number and per capita rate of influenza-associated hospitalizations by geographic region and socio-economic status. Influenza was associated with 10% (95% CI 8%-11%) of respiratory hospitalizations in children <18 y worldwide, ranging from 5% (95% CI 3%-7%) among children <6 mo to 16% (95% CI 14%-20%) among children 5-17 y. On average, we estimated that influenza results in approximately 374,000 (95% CI 264,000 to 539,000) hospitalizations in children <1 y-of which 228,000 (95% CI 150,000 to 344,000) occur in children <6 mo-and 870,000 (95% CI 610,000 to 1,237,000) hospitalizations in children <5 y annually. Influenza-associated hospitalization rates were more than three times higher in developing countries than in industrialized countries (150/100,000 children/year versus 48/100,000). However, differences in hospitalization practices between settings are an important limitation in interpreting these findings. CONCLUSIONS Influenza is an important contributor to respiratory hospitalizations among young children worldwide. Increasing influenza vaccination coverage among young children and pregnant women could reduce this burden and protect infants <6 mo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Lafond
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail: (KEL); (MAW)
| | - Harish Nair
- Centre for Global Health Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Hafiz Rasooly
- Afghanistan National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Fátima Valente
- National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
| | - Robert Booy
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mahmudur Rahman
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Paul Kitsutani
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hongjie Yu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Julio Armero
- Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Daddi Jima
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Stephen R. C. Howie
- Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - William Ampofo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ricardo Mena
- Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | - Ondri Dwi Sampurno
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Andrew Corwin
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jean Michel Heraud
- National Influenza Centre, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Daniel E. Noyola
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Radu Cojocaru
- National Centre for Public Health, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | | | - Amal Barakat
- Institut National d’Hygiène, Ministère de la Santé, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Marta von Horoch
- Ministerio de Salud Publica y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Remigio Olveda
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Marietjie Venter
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Zoonoses Research Unit, Department Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Andros Theo
- Virology Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Melissa Whaley
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Joseph Bresee
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc-Alain Widdowson
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KEL); (MAW)
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4
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Qvarnstrom Y, Xayavong M, da Silva ACA, Park SY, Whelen AC, Calimlim PS, Sciulli RH, Honda SAA, Higa K, Kitsutani P, Chea N, Heng S, Johnson S, Graeff-Teixeira C, Fox LM, da Silva AJ. Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis DNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Eosinophilic Meningitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 94:176-81. [PMID: 26526920 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the most common infectious cause of eosinophilic meningitis. Timely diagnosis of these infections is difficult, partly because reliable laboratory diagnostic methods are unavailable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of A. cantonensis DNA in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. A total of 49 CSF specimens from 33 patients with eosinophilic meningitis were included: A. cantonensis DNA was detected in 32 CSF specimens, from 22 patients. Four patients had intermittently positive and negative real-time PCR results on subsequent samples, indicating that the level of A. cantonensis DNA present in CSF may fluctuate during the course of the illness. Immunodiagnosis and/or supplemental PCR testing supported the real-time PCR findings for 30 patients. On the basis of these observations, this real-time PCR assay can be useful to detect A. cantonensis in the CSF from patients with eosinophilic meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Qvarnstrom
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Ana Cristina Aramburu da Silva
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil and Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Stacey A A Honda
- Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Honolulu, Hawaii.,Kaiser Permanente Regional Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Karen Higa
- Kaiser Permanente Regional Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Paul Kitsutani
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Influenza Program, Cambodia Country Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nora Chea
- World Health Organization Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Seng Heng
- Communicable Disease Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Stuart Johnson
- Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois and Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carlos Graeff-Teixeira
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil and Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - LeAnne M Fox
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alexandre J da Silva
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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5
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Horm SV, Mardy S, Rith S, Ly S, Heng S, Vong S, Kitsutani P, Ieng V, Tarantola A, Ly S, Sar B, Chea N, Sokhal B, Barr I, Kelso A, Horwood PF, Timmermans A, Hurt A, Lon C, Saunders D, Ung SA, Asgari N, Roces MC, Touch S, Komadina N, Buchy P. Epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza viruses circulating in Cambodia from 2009 to 2011. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110713. [PMID: 25340711 PMCID: PMC4207757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cambodian National Influenza Center (NIC) monitored and characterized circulating influenza strains from 2009 to 2011. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Sentinel and study sites collected nasopharyngeal specimens for diagnostic detection, virus isolation, antigenic characterization, sequencing and antiviral susceptibility analysis from patients who fulfilled case definitions for influenza-like illness, acute lower respiratory infections and event-based surveillance. Each year in Cambodia, influenza viruses were detected mainly from June to November, during the rainy season. Antigenic analysis show that A/H1N1pdm09 isolates belonged to the A/California/7/2009-like group. Circulating A/H3N2 strains were A/Brisbane/10/2007-like in 2009 before drifting to A/Perth/16/2009-like in 2010 and 2011. The Cambodian influenza B isolates from 2009 to 2011 all belonged to the B/Victoria lineage represented by the vaccine strains B/Brisbane/60/2008 and B/Malaysia/2506/2004. Sequences of the M2 gene obtained from representative 2009-2011 A/H3N2 and A/H1N1pdm09 strains all contained the S31N mutation associated with adamantanes resistance except for one A/H1N1pdm09 strain isolated in 2011 that lacked this mutation. No reduction in the susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors was observed among the influenza viruses circulating from 2009 to 2011. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A/H3N2 strains clustered each year to a distinct group while most A/H1N1pdm09 isolates belonged to the S203T clade. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In Cambodia, from 2009 to 2011, influenza activity occurred throughout the year with peak seasonality during the rainy season from June to November. Seasonal influenza epidemics were due to multiple genetically distinct viruses, even though all of the isolates were antigenically similar to the reference vaccine strains. The drug susceptibility profile of Cambodian influenza strains revealed that neuraminidase inhibitors would be the drug of choice for influenza treatment and chemoprophylaxis in Cambodia, as adamantanes are no longer expected to be effective.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Cambodia/epidemiology
- Dogs
- Drug Resistance, Viral
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza B virus/genetics
- Influenza B virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Orthomyxoviridae/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae/isolation & purification
- Orthomyxoviridae/physiology
- Phylogeny
- Seasons
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Affiliation(s)
- Srey Viseth Horm
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sek Mardy
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sareth Rith
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sovann Ly
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Seng Heng
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sirenda Vong
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Paul Kitsutani
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Vannra Ieng
- World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Arnaud Tarantola
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sowath Ly
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Borann Sar
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cambodia Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nora Chea
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cambodia Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Buth Sokhal
- National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne Kelso
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul F. Horwood
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ans Timmermans
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aeron Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chanthap Lon
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - David Saunders
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sam An Ung
- National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nima Asgari
- World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Sok Touch
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Naomi Komadina
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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6
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Chea N, Yi SD, Rith S, Seng H, Ieng V, Penh C, Mardy S, Laurent D, Richner B, Sok T, Ly S, Kitsutani P, Asgari N, Roces MC, Buchy P, Tarantola A. Two clustered cases of confirmed influenza A(H5N1) virus infection, Cambodia, 2011. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 24993554 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.25.20839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In February 2011, a mother and her child from Banteay Meanchey Province, Cambodia, were diagnosed, postmortem, with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. A field investigation was conducted by teams from the Cambodian Ministry of Health, the World Health Organization and the Institut Pasteur in Cambodia. Nasopharyngeal, throat and serum specimens collected from 11 household or three neighbour contacts including two suspect cases tested negative by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for A(H5N1). Follow-up sera from the 11 household contacts also tested negative for A(H5N1) antibodies. Twenty-six HCW who were exposed to the cases without taking adequate personal protective measures self-monitored and none developed symptoms within the two following weeks. An unknown number of passengers travelling with the cases on a minibus while they were symptomatic could not be traced but no clusters of severe respiratory illnesses were detected through the Cambodian surveillance systems in the two weeks after that. The likely cause of the fatal infection in the mother and the child was common-source exposure in Preah Sdach District, Prey Veng Province. Human-to-human transmission of A(H5N1) virus was unlikely but genetic susceptibility is suspected. Clusters of A(H5N1) virus infection should be systematically investigated to rule out any human-to-human transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chea
- World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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7
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Saha S, Chadha M, Al Mamun A, Rahman M, Sturm-Ramirez K, Chittaganpitch M, Pattamadilok S, Olsen SJ, Sampurno OD, Setiawaty V, Pangesti KNA, Samaan G, Archkhawongs S, Vongphrachanh P, Phonekeo D, Corwin A, Touch S, Buchy P, Chea N, Kitsutani P, Mai LQ, Thiem VD, Lin R, Low C, Kheong CC, Ismail N, Yusof MA, Tandoc A, Roque V, Mishra A, Moen AC, Widdowson MA, Partridge J, Lal RB. Influenza seasonality and vaccination timing in tropical and subtropical areas of southern and south-eastern Asia. Bull World Health Organ 2014; 92:318-30. [PMID: 24839321 PMCID: PMC4007122 DOI: 10.2471/blt.13.124412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize influenza seasonality and identify the best time of the year for vaccination against influenza in tropical and subtropical countries of southern and south-eastern Asia that lie north of the equator. METHODS Weekly influenza surveillance data for 2006 to 2011 were obtained from Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. Weekly rates of influenza activity were based on the percentage of all nasopharyngeal samples collected during the year that tested positive for influenza virus or viral nucleic acid on any given week. Monthly positivity rates were then calculated to define annual peaks of influenza activity in each country and across countries. FINDINGS Influenza activity peaked between June/July and October in seven countries, three of which showed a second peak in December to February. Countries closer to the equator had year-round circulation without discrete peaks. Viral types and subtypes varied from year to year but not across countries in a given year. The cumulative proportion of specimens that tested positive from June to November was > 60% in Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam. Thus, these tropical and subtropical countries exhibited earlier influenza activity peaks than temperate climate countries north of the equator. CONCLUSION Most southern and south-eastern Asian countries lying north of the equator should consider vaccinating against influenza from April to June; countries near the equator without a distinct peak in influenza activity can base vaccination timing on local factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Saha
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Influenza Programme, c/o US Embassy, Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudur Rahman
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Sirima Pattamadilok
- National Institute of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sonja J Olsen
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Influenza Programme, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Gina Samaan
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Corwin
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Influenza Programme, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Sok Touch
- Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Nora Chea
- World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Paul Kitsutani
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Influenza Programme, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Le Quynh Mai
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Dinh Thiem
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | | | | | - Norizah Ismail
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Amado Tandoc
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Philippines
| | - Vito Roque
- Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Ann C Moen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | | | - Jeffrey Partridge
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Influenza Programme, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Renu B Lal
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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8
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Goyet S, Rammaert B, McCarron M, Khieu V, Fournier I, Kitsutani P, Ly S, Mounts A, Letson WG, Buchy P, Vong S. Mortality in Cambodia: an 18-month prospective community-based surveillance of all-age deaths using verbal autopsies. Asia Pac J Public Health 2013; 27:NP2458-70. [PMID: 24357610 DOI: 10.1177/1010539513514433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To estimate the 2009-2010 death rates, causes, and patterns of mortality in rural Cambodia, we conducted active, population-based death surveillance in 25 rural villages of Cambodia from March 2009 to August 2010. Among the population of 28,053 under surveillance, 280 deaths were reported and explored by physician-certified verbal autopsies, using the International Classification of Diseases 10, yielding an overall mortality rate (MR) of 6.7/1000 persons-year (95% CI 5.74-7.68). The MR was 39.1/1000 live births for those younger than 5 years old. Infants accounted for 5.4% of all deaths. In children younger than 5 years, infectious and parasitic diseases were the leading causes of death. In children 5 to 14 years, 3 out of 4 deaths were due to injuries. Adult deaths were mainly attributed to noncommunicable diseases (52%). We conclude that this rural population is facing a substantial burden of noncommunicable diseases while still struggling with infectious diseases, respiratory diseases in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Virak Khieu
- Institut Pasteur-Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Paul Kitsutani
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sowath Ly
- Institut Pasteur-Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Anthony Mounts
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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9
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Chheng K, Carter MJ, Emary K, Chanpheaktra N, Moore CE, Stoesser N, Putchhat H, Sona S, Reaksmey S, Kitsutani P, Sar B, van Doorn HR, Uyen NH, Van Tan L, Paris D, Blacksell SD, Amornchai P, Wuthiekanun V, Parry CM, Day NPJ, Kumar V. A prospective study of the causes of febrile illness requiring hospitalization in children in Cambodia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60634. [PMID: 23593267 PMCID: PMC3621876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Febrile illnesses are pre-eminent contributors to morbidity and mortality among children in South-East Asia but the causes are poorly understood. We determined the causes of fever in children hospitalised in Siem Reap province, Cambodia. Methods and Findings A one-year prospective study of febrile children admitted to Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and outcome data were comprehensively analysed. Between October 12th 2009 and October 12th 2010 there were 1225 episodes of febrile illness in 1180 children. Median (IQR) age was 2.0 (0.8–6.4) years, with 850 (69%) episodes in children <5 years. Common microbiological diagnoses were dengue virus (16.2%), scrub typhus (7.8%), and Japanese encephalitis virus (5.8%). 76 (6.3%) episodes had culture-proven bloodstream infection, including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (22 isolates, 1.8%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (13, 1.1%), Escherichia coli (8, 0.7%), Haemophilus influenzae (7, 0.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (6, 0.5%) and Burkholderia pseudomallei (6, 0.5%). There were 69 deaths (5.6%), including those due to clinically diagnosed pneumonia (19), dengue virus (5), and melioidosis (4). 10 of 69 (14.5%) deaths were associated with culture-proven bloodstream infection in logistic regression analyses (odds ratio for mortality 3.4, 95% CI 1.6–6.9). Antimicrobial resistance was prevalent, particularly in S. enterica Typhi, (where 90% of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 86% were multi-drug resistant). Comorbid undernutrition was present in 44% of episodes and a major risk factor for acute mortality (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.2), as were HIV infection and cardiac disease. Conclusion We identified a microbiological cause of fever in almost 50% of episodes in this large study of community-acquired febrile illness in hospitalized children in Cambodia. The range of pathogens, antimicrobial susceptibility, and co-morbidities associated with mortality described will be of use in the development of rational guidelines for infectious disease treatment and control in Cambodia and South-East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheng Chheng
- Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia
| | - Michael J. Carter
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MC); (VK)
| | - Kate Emary
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Catrin E. Moore
- Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Stoesser
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hor Putchhat
- Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia
| | - Soeng Sona
- Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia
| | - Sin Reaksmey
- Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia
| | - Paul Kitsutani
- Influenza Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cambodia Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Borann Sar
- Influenza Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cambodia Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - H. Rogier van Doorn
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hanh Uyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Tan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Daniel Paris
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart D. Blacksell
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Premjit Amornchai
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vanaporn Wuthiekanun
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Christopher M. Parry
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P. J. Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Varun Kumar
- Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia
- * E-mail: (MC); (VK)
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10
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Gupta V, Dawood FS, Muangchana C, Lan PT, Xeuatvongsa A, Sovann L, Olveda R, Cutter J, Oo KY, Ratih TSD, Kheong CC, Kapella BK, Kitsutani P, Corwin A, Olsen SJ. Influenza vaccination guidelines and vaccine sales in southeast Asia: 2008-2011. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52842. [PMID: 23285200 PMCID: PMC3528727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Southeast Asia is a region with great potential for the emergence of a pandemic influenza virus. Global efforts to improve influenza surveillance in this region have documented the burden and seasonality of influenza viruses and have informed influenza prevention strategies, but little information exists about influenza vaccination guidelines and vaccine sales. METHODS To ascertain the existence of influenza vaccine guidelines and define the scope of vaccine sales, we sent a standard three-page questionnaire to the ten member nations of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. We also surveyed three multinational manufacturers who supply influenza vaccines in the region. RESULTS Vaccine sales in the private sector were <1000 per 100,000 population in the 10 countries. Five countries reported purchasing vaccine for use in the public sector. In 2011, Thailand had the highest combined reported rate of vaccine sales (10,333 per 100,000). In the 10 countries combined, the rate of private sector sales during 2010-2011 (after the A(H1N1)2009pdm pandemic) exceeded 2008 pre-pandemic levels. Five countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) had guidelines for influenza vaccination but only two were consistent with global guidelines. Four recommended vaccination for health care workers, four for elderly persons, three for young children, three for persons with underlying disease, and two for pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS The rate of vaccine sales in Southeast Asia remains low, but there was a positive impact in sales after the A(H1N1)2009pdm pandemic. Low adherence to global vaccine guidelines suggests that more work is needed in the policy arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Gupta
- Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health – U.S. CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Fatimah S. Dawood
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Charung Muangchana
- National Vaccine Committee Office, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Phan Trong Lan
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Socialist Republic of Vietnam
| | - Anonh Xeuatvongsa
- Expanded Program on Immunizations, Ministry of Public Health, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Ly Sovann
- CDC Department, Ministry of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Remigio Olveda
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Jeffery Cutter
- Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Khin Yi Oo
- National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Nay Pyi Taw, The Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | | | - Chong Chee Kheong
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bryan K. Kapella
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Paul Kitsutani
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andrew Corwin
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sonja J. Olsen
- Thailand Ministry of Public Health – U.S. CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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11
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Sorn S, Sok T, Ly S, Rith S, Tung N, Viari A, Gavotte L, Holl D, Seng H, Asgari N, Richner B, Laurent D, Chea N, Duong V, Toyoda T, Yasuda CY, Kitsutani P, Zhou P, Bing S, Deubel V, Donis R, Frutos R, Buchy P. Dynamic of H5N1 virus in Cambodia and emergence of a novel endemic sub-clade. Infect Genet Evol 2012; 15:87-94. [PMID: 22683363 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In Cambodia, the first detection of HPAI H5N1 virus in birds occurred in January 2004 and since then there have been 33 outbreaks in poultry while 21 human cases were reported. The origin and dynamics of these epizootics in Cambodia remain unclear. In this work we used a range of bioinformatics methods to analyze the Cambodian virus sequences together with those from neighboring countries. Six HA lineages belonging to clades 1 and 1.1 were identified since 2004. Lineage 1 shares an ancestor with viruses from Thailand and disappeared after 2005, to be replaced by lineage 2 originating from Vietnam and then by lineage 3. The highly adapted lineage 4 was seen only in Cambodia. Lineage 5 is circulating both in Vietnam and Cambodia since 2008 and was probably introduced in Cambodia through unregistered transboundary poultry trade. Lineage 6 is endemic to Cambodia since 2010 and could be classified as a new clade according to WHO/OIE/FAO criteria for H5N1 virus nomenclature. We propose to name it clade 1.1A. There is a direct filiation of lineages 2 to 6 with a temporal evolution and geographic differentiation for lineages 4 and 6. By the end of 2011, two lineages, i.e. lineages 5 and 6, with different transmission paths cocirculate in Cambodia. The presence of lineage 6 only in Cambodia suggests the existence of a transmission specific to this country whereas the presence of lineage 5 in both Cambodia and Vietnam indicates a distinct way of circulation of infected poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- San Sorn
- Virology Unit/National Influenza Centre, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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12
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Mardy S, Ly S, Heng S, Naughtin M, Vong S, Kitsutani P, Huch C, Rith S, Sar B, Nora C, Sokhal B, Yasuda C, Wierzba T, Asgari N, Touch S, Buchy P. Influenza virus circulation in Cambodia. BMC Proc 2011. [DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s1-p6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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13
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Mardy S, Ly S, Heng S, Naughtin M, Vong S, Kitsutani P, Huch C, Rith S, Sar B, Nora C, Sokhal B, Yasuda C, Wierzba T, Asgari N, Touch S, Buchy P. Influenza virus circulation in Cambodia. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3019487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sek Mardy
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sovann Ly
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Seng Heng
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Sirenda Vong
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Paul Kitsutani
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chea Huch
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sareth Rith
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Borann Sar
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cambodia Office, Cambodia
| | - Chea Nora
- World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Buth Sokhal
- National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Tom Wierzba
- Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nima Asgari
- World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sok Touch
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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14
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Imrie A, Meeks J, Gurary A, Sukhbataar M, Kitsutani P, Effler P, Zhao Z. Differential functional avidity of dengue virus-specific T-cell clones for variant peptides representing heterologous and previously encountered serotypes. J Virol 2007; 81:10081-91. [PMID: 17626101 PMCID: PMC2045385 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00330-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines secreted by memory CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are thought to play a direct role in the pathogenesis of dengue virus infection by increasing vascular permeability and thereby inducing the pathophysiologic events associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Severe disease is frequently observed in the setting of secondary infection with heterologous dengue virus serotypes, suggesting a role for cross-reactive memory T cells in the immunopathogenesis of severe disease. We used a large panel of well-characterized dengue virus-specific CD8+ T-cell clones isolated from Pacific Islanders previously infected with dengue virus 1 to examine effector memory function, focusing on a novel dominant HLA-B*5502-restricted NS5(329-337) epitope, and assessed T-cell responses to stimulation with variant peptides representing heterologous serotypes. Variant peptides were differentially recognized by dengue virus 1-specific effector CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in a heterogeneous and clone-specific manner, in which cytolytic function and cytokine secretion could be enhanced, diminished, or abrogated compared with cognate peptide stimulation. Dengue virus-specific CTL stimulated with cognate and variant peptides demonstrated a cytokine response hierarchy of gamma IFN (IFN-gamma) > tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) > interleukin-2 (IL-2), and a subset of clones also produced IL-4 and IL-6. Individual clones demonstrated greater avidity for variant peptides representing heterologous serotypes, including serotypes previously encountered by the subject, and IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha secretion was enhanced by stimulation with these heterologous peptides. Altered antiviral T-cell responses in response to stimulation with heterologous dengue virus serotypes have implications for control of virus replication and for disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Imrie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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15
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Imrie A, Zhao Z, Bennett SN, Kitsutani P, Laille M, Effler P. Molecular epidemiology of dengue in the Pacific: introduction of two distinct strains of dengue virus type-1 [corrected] into Hawaii. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2006; 100:327-36. [PMID: 16762113 DOI: 10.1179/136485906x105589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2000, a major dengue epidemic, caused by the type-1 virus (DENV-1), began in the Pacific and Asia, with cases still being reported in 2006. The phylogenetic analysis of full-length sequences of the envelope-protein gene of DENV-1 isolates recovered during outbreaks in Hawaii and Tahiti in 2001-2002 indicated that most Hawaiian isolates were Tahitian in origin. All the Hawaiian and Tahitian isolates were identified as the Pacific subtype (i.e. subtype IV) of DENV-1. A Hawaiian isolate, collected from a resident who had travelled to Samoa, differed significantly at the nucleotide level, however, from all the other Hawaiian strains, clustering, in the phylogenetic analysis, with a virus previously isolated from another visitor to Samoa. These results not only indicate that two distinct strains of DENV-1 were introduced into Hawaii in 2001 but also illustrate the ease with which dengue can be carried across distances of many thousands of miles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Imrie
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Building Room D-204, 1960 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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16
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Terajima J, Tosaka N, Ueno K, Nakashima K, Kitsutani P, Gaynor MK, Park SY, Watanabe H. Shigella sonnei outbreak among Japanese travelers returning from Hawaii. Jpn J Infect Dis 2006; 59:282-3. [PMID: 16936358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Terajima
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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17
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Kitsutani P, Ohta M. [Nipah virus infections]. Nihon Rinsho 2005; 63:2143-53. [PMID: 16363687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic paramyxovirus that was first recognized in 1999 as the causative agent of outbreaks of human encephalitis in Malaysia and Singapore, in association with severe respiratory and neurological disease in pigs. Since then, outbreaks of NiV encephalitis have also occurred in Bangladesh during 2001-2004, but without an association to infected swine or other animals. Although NiV infections typically result in acute encephalitis with high mortality, other clinical manifestations, including asymptomatic infection, relapsed encephalitis, and pulmonary disease, have been observed. The article will summarize the virology, epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and control and prevention of NiV infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kitsutani
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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18
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Effler PV, Pang L, Kitsutani P, Vorndam V, Nakata M, Ayers T, Elm J, Tom T, Reiter P, Rigau-Perez JG, Hayes JM, Mills K, Napier M, Clark GG, Gubler DJ. Dengue fever, Hawaii, 2001-2002. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11:742-9. [PMID: 15890132 PMCID: PMC3320380 DOI: 10.3201/eid1105.041063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autochthonous dengue infections were last reported in Hawaii in 1944. In September 2001, the Hawaii Department of Health was notified of an unusual febrile illness in a resident with no travel history; dengue fever was confirmed. During the investigation, 1,644 persons with locally acquired denguelike illness were evaluated, and 122 (7%) laboratory-positive dengue infections were identified; dengue virus serotype 1 was isolated from 15 patients. No cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever or shock syndrome were reported. In 3 instances autochthonous infections were linked to a person who reported denguelike illness after travel to French Polynesia. Phylogenetic analyses showed the Hawaiian isolates were closely associated with contemporaneous isolates from Tahiti. Aedes albopictus was present in all communities surveyed on Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Kauai; no Ae. aegypti were found. This outbreak underscores the importance of maintaining surveillance and control of potential disease vectors even in the absence of an imminent disease threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Effler
- Disease Outbreak Control Division, Hawaii State Department of Health, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA.
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