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Yang Y, Shao Y, Chaffin TA, Ahkami AH, Blumwald E, Stewart CN. Synthetic Promoter Screening Using Poplar Mesophyll Protoplast Transformation. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4660. [PMID: 37113331 PMCID: PMC10127045 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant protoplasts are useful to study both transcriptional regulation and protein subcellular localization in rapid screens. Protoplast transformation can be used in automated platforms for design-build-test cycles of plant promoters, including synthetic promoters. A notable application of protoplasts comes from recent successes in dissecting synthetic promoter activity with poplar mesophyll protoplasts. For this purpose, we constructed plasmids with TurboGFP driven by a synthetic promoter together with TurboRFP constitutively controlled by a 35S promoter, to monitor transformation efficiency, allowing versatile screening of high numbers of cells by monitoring green fluorescent protein expression in transformed protoplasts. Herein, we introduce a protocol for poplar mesophyll protoplast isolation followed by protoplast transformation and image analysis for the selection of valuable synthetic promoters. Graphical overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongil Yang
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yuanhua Shao
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy A. Chaffin
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amir H. Ahkami
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- *For correspondence:
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Wang HL, Wang T, Yang Q, Yin W, Xia X, Guo H, Li Z. Preparation and Transfection of Populus tomentosa Mesophyll Protoplasts. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4220. [PMID: 34909441 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesophyll protoplasts freshly isolated from leaves are a useful research system in plants. However, cell walls in woody plants contain more pectin, making mesophyll protoplasts isolation difficult in Populus. This has limited their application in biochemical, molecular, cellular, genetic, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic assays. In this protocol, a simple and efficient method to prepare and transfect mesophyll protoplasts of Populus tomentosa is presented in detail. Leaves of P. tomentosa plants grown in tissue culture media were pre-treated in D-mannitol solution and then digested with an enzyme solution. After washing with W5 and MMg buffers, the protoplasts were incubated in PEG/Ca2+ solution with plasmid for transfection. The mesophyll protoplasts isolated were used to express the histone variant H2B fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) for confocal microscopy imaging. This "P. tomentosa mesophyll protoplasts preparation and transfection" system provides a useful tool for studying woody plants using a variety of applications, including gene expression, subcellular localization, protein-protein interaction, chromatin immunoprecipitation, western blot, single-cell sequencing, and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Ling Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qi Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Yu ZC, Zheng XT, Lin W, He W, Shao L, Peng CL. Photoprotection of Arabidopsis leaves under short-term high light treatment: The antioxidant capacity is more important than the anthocyanin shielding effect. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 166:258-269. [PMID: 34126593 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotection strategies that have evolved in plants to cope with high light (HL) stress provide plants with the ability to resist HL. However, it has not been clearly confirmed which photoprotection strategy is the major HL resistance mechanism. To reveal the major photoprotection mechanism against short-term high light (STHL), the physiological and biochemical responses of three Arabidopsis mutants (Col, chi and ans) under STHL were analyzed in this study. After STHL treatment, the most serious photosynthetic pigment damage was observed in chi plants. At the same time, the degrees of membrane and Rubisco damage in chi was the highest, followed by Col, and ans was the smallest. The results showed that ans with high antioxidant capacity showed higher resistance to STHL treatment than Col containing anthocyanins, while chi with no anthocyanin accumulation and small antioxidant capacity had the lowest resistance. In addition, the gene expression results showed that plants tend to synthesize anthocyanin precursor flavonoids with antioxidant capacity under STHL stress. To further determine the major mechanism of photoprotection under STHL, we also analyzed Arabidopsis lines (Col, CHS1, CHS2 and tt4) that had the same anthocyanin content but different antioxidant capacities. It was found that CHS2 with high antioxidant capacity had higher cell viability, smaller maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) reduction and less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation under HL treatment of their mesophyll protoplasts. Therefore, the antioxidant capacity provided by antioxidant substances was the major mechanism of plant photoprotection under STHL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Chao Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Wei Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Wei He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Ling Shao
- College of Life Science, Zhao Qing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, PR China
| | - Chang-Lian Peng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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Sahab S, Hayden MJ, Mason J, Spangenberg G. Mesophyll Protoplasts and PEG-Mediated Transfections: Transient Assays and Generation of Stable Transgenic Canola Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1864:131-152. [PMID: 30415334 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8778-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant protoplasts are derived by controlled enzymatic digestion that removes the plant cell wall without damaging the cell membrane. Protoplasts represent a true single-cell system and are useful for various biochemical and physiological studies. Protoplasts from several agriculturally important crop species can be regenerated into a fertile whole plant, extending the utility of protoplasts from transient expression assays to the generation of stable transformation events. Here we describe procedures for transient and stable transformation of leaf mesophyll protoplasts obtained from axenic shoot cultures of canola (Brassica napus). Key steps including enzymatic digestion for protoplast release, density gradient-based protoplast purification, PEG-mediated transfection, bead-type culturing (sea-plaque agarose and sodium alginate), and the recovery of putative transgenic canola plants are described. This method has been used for double-stranded DNA break-mediated genome editing and for the routine generation of stable transgenic canola events at commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareena Sahab
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources (DEDJTR), Agribio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - Matthew J Hayden
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources (DEDJTR), Agribio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Agribio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - John Mason
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources (DEDJTR), Agribio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Agribio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - German Spangenberg
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources (DEDJTR), Agribio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Agribio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Li H, Shirako Y. Association of VPg and eIF4E in the host tropism at the cellular level of Barley yellow mosaic virus and Wheat yellow mosaic virus in the genus Bymovirus. Virology 2015; 476:159-67. [PMID: 25543966 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) are separate species in the genus Bymovirus with bipartite plus-sense RNA genomes. In fields, BaYMV infects only barley and WYMV infects only wheat. Here, we studied the replicative capability of the two viruses in barley and wheat mesophyll protoplasts. BaYMV replicated in both barley and wheat protoplasts, but WYMV replicated only in wheat protoplasts. The expression of wheat translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), a common host factor for potyviruses, from the WYMV genome enabled WYMV replication in barley protoplasts. Replacing the BaYMV VPg gene with that of WYMV abolished BaYMV replication in barley protoplasts, whereas the additional expression of wheat eIF4E from BaYMV genome restored the replication of the BaYMV mutant in barley protoplasts. These results indicate that both VPg and the host eIF4E are involved in the host tropism of BaYMV and WYMV at the replication level.
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