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Pathak A, Singh SP, Tiwari A. Elucidating hepatoprotective potential of Cichorium intybus through multimodal assessment and molecular docking analysis with hepatic protective enzymes. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 187:114595. [PMID: 38554841 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
This study employed a comprehensive approach to validate the hepatoprotective potential of phytoconstituents from Cichorium intybus leaves. In vitro, in vivo and in silico techniques were used to confirm the protective effects on liver enzymes. In vitro antioxidant assessment revealed the highest potential in the hydroethanolic leaf extract compared to aqueous and methanolic extracts. The study further investigated the ameliorative efficacy of the hydro-ethanolic extract (HECL) in male Wistar rats exposed to lead (50 mg/kg b wt.) and nickel (4.0 mg/kg b wt.) individually and in combination for 90 days. HECL at 250 mg/kg b wt. mitigated hepatic injury, oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation, ultrastructural and histopathological alterations induced by lead and nickel. Molecular docking explored the interaction of 28 phytoconstituents from C. intybus with hepatoprotective protein targets. Cyanidin and rutin exhibited the highest affinity for liver corrective enzymes among the screened phytoconstituents. These findings underscore the liver corrective potential of C. intybus leaf phytoconstituents, shedding light on their molecular interactions with hepatoprotective targets. This research contributes valuable insights into the therapeutic applications of C. intybus in liver protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Pathak
- College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, US Nagar, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Satya Pal Singh
- College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, US Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Apoorv Tiwari
- College of Basic Science and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, US Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
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Pigatto PD, Guzzi G. Prevalence and risk factors for multiple chemical sensitivity in Australia. Prev Med Rep 2019; 14:100856. [PMID: 31193443 PMCID: PMC6527960 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The author found that the prevalence of diagnosed multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) in Australia was 6.5%. No mention is made about the role of exposure to metals. Exposure to metallic elements has been associated with MCS. Metals are a well-known primary risk factor for idiopathic environmental intolerance. It is important that the medical approach designed to reduce the risk factors for MCS includes preventive strategies of metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo D Pigatto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, University of Milan, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Guzzi
- Italian Association for Metals and Biocompatibility Research - A.I.R.M.E.B., Via Antonio Banfi 4, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Saher NU, Kanwal N. Assessment of some heavy metal accumulation and nutritional quality of shellfish with reference to human health and cancer risk assessment: a seafood safety approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:5189-5201. [PMID: 30607839 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the proximate analysis (protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and moisture content) and concentration levels of metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Cr) in the muscles of selected shellfish (Portunus reticulatus, P. segnis, P. sanguinolentus, Scylla olivaceae, Penaeus monodon, and P. indicus) species. The concentration of metals showed significant difference (p > 0.05) among species. The detected concentrations of the analyzed heavy metals were below the daily intake and legal limits set by national and international standards. The THQs and CR index were calculated to evaluate the risk estimation of the metal contamination associated with the human health. The THQ values of all metals were below 1 in all species, indicated that there is no risk of adverse health effect, but the risk of elevated intakes of heavy metals adversely affecting food safety for the studied species. The CR index indicated that Cd and Pb caused the greatest cancer risk. The correlation and multivariate (principle component analysis) among metal concentration and nutritional quality were also evaluated. The carbohydrate and moisture showed the positive correlation (p > 0.05) with metals. The biochemical results of the present work clearly indicate that there was a significant difference in the muscles of shellfish. It was concluded that more effective controls should be focused on Cd and Pb to reduce pollution for quality and seafood safety concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Us Saher
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Nayab Kanwal
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Karwowski MP, Morman SA, Plumlee GS, Law T, Kellogg M, Woolf AD. Toxicants in folk remedies: implications of elevated blood lead in an American-born infant due to imported diaper powder. Environ Geochem Health 2017; 39:1133-1143. [PMID: 27704308 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Though most childhood lead exposure in the USA results from ingestion of lead-based paint dust, non-paint sources are increasingly implicated. We present interdisciplinary findings from and policy implications of a case of elevated blood lead (13-18 mcg/dL, reference level <5 mcg/dL) in a 9-month-old infant, linked to a non-commercial Malaysian folk diaper powder. Analyses showed the powder contains 62 % lead by weight (primarily lead oxide) and elevated antimony [1000 parts per million (ppm)], arsenic (55 ppm), bismuth (110 ppm), and thallium (31 ppm). These metals are highly bioaccessible in simulated gastric fluids, but only slightly bioaccessible in simulated lung fluids and simulated urine, suggesting that the primary lead exposure routes were ingestion via hand-mouth transmission and ingestion of inhaled dusts cleared from the respiratory tract. Four weeks after discontinuing use of the powder, the infant's venous blood lead level was 8 mcg/dL. Unregulated, imported folk remedies can be a source of toxicant exposure. Additional research on import policy, product regulation, public health surveillance, and culturally sensitive risk communication is needed to develop efficacious risk reduction strategies in the USA. The more widespread use of contaminated folk remedies in the countries from which they originate is a substantial concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz P Karwowski
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, USA.
- Pediatric Environmental Health Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 1295 Boylston St, Suite 100, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 22 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Terence Law
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Kellogg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan D Woolf
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, USA
- Pediatric Environmental Health Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 1295 Boylston St, Suite 100, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 22 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, USA
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Rizwan M, Ali S, Qayyum MF, Ok YS, Adrees M, Ibrahim M, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Farid M, Abbas F. Effect of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles on growth and physiology of globally important food crops: A critical review. J Hazard Mater 2017; 322:2-16. [PMID: 27267650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of engineered metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have increased in the environment due to increasing demand of NPs based products. This is causing a major concern for sustainable agriculture. This review presents the effects of NPs on agricultural crops at biochemical, physiological and molecular levels. Numerous studies showed that metal and metal oxide NPs affected the growth, yield and quality of important agricultural crops. The NPs altered mineral nutrition, photosynthesis and caused oxidative stress and induced genotoxicity in crops. The activities of antioxidant enzymes increased at low NPs toxicity while decreased at higher NPs toxicity in crops. Due to exposure of crop plants to NPs, the concentration of NPs increased in different plant parts including fruits and grains which could transfer to the food chain and pose a threat to human health. In conclusion, most of the NPs have both positive and negative effects on crops at physiological, morphological, biochemical and molecular levels. The effects of NPs on crop plants vary greatly with plant species, growth stages, growth conditions, method, dose, and duration of NPs exposure along with other factors. Further research orientation is also discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama, Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama, Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Centre and Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama, Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama, Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mujahid Farid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama, Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Gust KA, Kennedy AJ, Melby NL, Wilbanks MS, Laird J, Meeks B, Muller EB, Nisbet RM, Perkins EJ. Daphnia magna's sense of competition: intra-specific interactions (ISI) alter life history strategies and increase metals toxicity. Ecotoxicology 2016; 25:1126-1135. [PMID: 27151402 PMCID: PMC4921107 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates whether the scale-up to multi-animal exposures that is commonly applied in genomics studies provides equivalent toxicity outcomes to single-animal experiments of standard Daphnia magna toxicity assays. Specifically, we tested the null hypothesis that intraspecific interactions (ISI) among D. magna have neither effect on the life history strategies of this species, nor impact toxicological outcomes in exposure experiments with Cu and Pb. The results show that ISI significantly increased mortality of D. magna in both Cu and Pb exposure experiments, decreasing 14 day LC50 s and 95 % confidence intervals from 14.5 (10.9-148.3) to 8.4 (8.2-8.7) µg Cu/L and from 232 (156-4810) to 68 (63-73) µg Pb/L. Additionally, ISI potentiated Pb impacts on reproduction eliciting a nearly 10-fold decrease in the no-observed effect concentration (from 236 to 25 µg/L). As an indication of environmental relevance, the effects of ISI on both mortality and reproduction in Pb exposures were sustained at both high and low food rations. Furthermore, even with a single pair of Daphnia, ISI significantly increased (p < 0.05) neonate production in control conditions, demonstrating that ISI can affect life history strategy. Given these results we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that results from scale-up assays cannot be directly applied to observations from single-animal assessments in D. magna. We postulate that D. magna senses chemical signatures of conspecifics which elicits changes in life history strategies that ultimately increase susceptibility to metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Gust
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA.
| | - Alan J Kennedy
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Nicolas L Melby
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Mitchell S Wilbanks
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Jennifer Laird
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | | | - Erik B Muller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Roger M Nisbet
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Edward J Perkins
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
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