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Bian J, Wang B, Niu X, Zhao H, Ling H, Ju F. Migration and emission characteristics of metal pollutants in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process. J Hazard Mater 2024; 462:132778. [PMID: 37844495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the core unit for heavy oil conversion in refineries. In the FCC process, the metal contaminants from the feedstock are deposited on the catalysts, causing catalyst deactivation and metal particulate matter (PM) emission. However, the migration and emission characteristics of metal pollutants in FCC units are still unclear. Here, the stack tests of three FCC units were carried out to monitor metal PM emissions, and the metal contents of the feedstock oil and spent catalyst were detected. For the metal migration from the feedstock to the catalysts, Ni, Fe, and V have high concentrations and migration rates while other metals perform much lower. The metal distribution on the spent catalysts profoundly determines the metal mobility to the flue gas and the regeneration process affects the catalyst attrition, leading to metal PM emissions discrepancy. The migration rate and emission concentration of V in the deeper layers of the catalysts are much lower than those of Ni at the particle's exterior. Finally, the stack data was used to calculate the emission factors and ratio factors of the metal PM. This work is expected to advance metal migration cognition and metal pollutants emissions estimation in FCC units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bohan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ximing Niu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry CO., LTD, Shanghai 200333, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hao Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Zhang W, Bhagwat G, Palanisami T, Liang S, Wan W, Yang Y. Lacustrine plastisphere: Distinct succession and assembly processes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities and role of site, time, and polymer types. Water Res 2024; 248:120875. [PMID: 37992636 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics as a carrier can promote microbial diffusion, potentially influencing the ecological functions of microbial communities in aquatic environments. However, our understanding of the assembly mechanism of microbial communities on different microplastic polymers in freshwater lakes during succession is still insufficient, especially for the eukaryotes. Here, the colonization time, site, and polymer types of microplastics were comprehensively considered to investigate the composition and assembly of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities and their driving factors during the lacustrine plastisphere formation. Results showed that the particle-associated microorganisms in water were the main source of the plastisphere prokaryotes, while the free-living microorganisms in water mainly accounted for the plastisphere eukaryotes. The response of prokaryotic communities to different microplastic polymers was stronger than eukaryotic communities. The assembly of plastisphere prokaryotic communities was dominated by homogenizing processes (mainly homogenous selection), while the assembly of eukaryotic communities was dominated by differentiating processes (mainly dispersal limitation). Colonization time was an important factor affecting the composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities during the formation of the plastisphere. The Chao1 richness of prokaryotic communities in the plastisphere increased with the increase of colonization time, whereas the opposite was true in eukaryotic communities. This differential response of species diversity and composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities in the plastisphere during dynamic succession could lead to their distinct assembly processes. Overall, the results suggest that distinct assembly of microbial communities in the plastisphere may depend more on specific microbial sub-communities and colonization time than polymer types and colonization site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Geetika Bhagwat
- Environmental Plastic and Innovation Cluster, Global Innovation Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Newcastle, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Thava Palanisami
- Environmental Plastic and Innovation Cluster, Global Innovation Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Newcastle, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Shuxin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Wenjie Wan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Chen H, Cheng J, Li Y, Li Y, Wang J, Tang Z. Occurrence and potential release of heavy metals in female underwear manufactured in China: Implication for women's health. Chemosphere 2023; 342:140165. [PMID: 37709063 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Underwear is a potential source of women's exposure to heavy metals owing to its direct contact with the skin, especially the skin of the vagina and vulva, which has a strong absorptive capacity. However, information regarding the prevalence of metals in female underwear, and its potential hazards, remains scarce. In the present study, we examined the concentrations and potential release of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Sb, and Pb in brassieres and briefs manufactured in China. We detected higher levels of Pb and moderate levels of other metals, relative to the metal levels reported for other textiles in the literature. Cu, As, Ni and Cd, had higher migration rates (MRs) from the underwear, with medians of 100%, 100%, 30.1%, and 20.7%, respectively. The median MRs of the other metals were in the range 1.07%-15.7%. On the whole, the total and extractable concentrations of these metals differed by item and fabric type. The pollution of raw materials and the use of chemical additives containing metals commonly contributed to the metals in the underwear. On the basis of the exposure estimation, the non-carcinogenic risks posed by the underwear metals were acceptable, but the carcinogenic risks from the metals in 5.18% of brassiere samples exceeded the acceptable level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, T23 N73K, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Jiali Cheng
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yonghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Yang B, Ren S, Zhang K, Li S, Zou Z, Zhao X, Li J, Ma Y, Zhu X, Fang W. Distribution of trace metals in a soil-tea leaves-tea infusion system: characteristics, translocation and health risk assessment. Environ Geochem Health 2022; 44:4631-4645. [PMID: 35247121 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of metal pollution on tea are of great concern to consumers. We apply Geographic information systems technology to study the distribution of heavy metal elements in tea plantation ecosystems in Jiangsu Province, explore the relationships among metals in the soil, tea leaves and tea infusions, and assess the human safety risks of metals. The concentrations of nine metals in a soil-tea leaves-tea infusion system were studied at 100 randomly selected tea plantations in Jiangsu Province, China. Concentrations of selected metals, zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu), were quantified using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), plumbum (Pb) and mercury (Hg) were quantified using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Arc-Map 10.3 was used for the spatial analysis of metals in soil, tea leaves and tea infusions. We found that the contents of Mn, Ni and Zn are high level in soil, tea leaves and tea infusions. The Mn level showed a spatial distribution pattern with greater concentrations at the junction of Nanjing and Yangzhou, southwest of Changzhou and west of Suzhou. The hazard index (HI) values in north-central Nanjing, southern Suzhou, southwestern Changzhou and northern Lianyungang were relatively greater. The Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr and Cu levels in the soil-tea infusion system were 17.3, 45.5, 54.5, 1.5 and 14.3%, respectively. The order of the leaching rates of the elements was Ni > Cr > Zn > Mn > Cu. The relative contribution ratios of HI were in the order of Mn > Ni > Cu > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cd > As > Hg. In tea infusions, the Mn level has the greatest potential health risks to consumers. Moreover, using Csoil it was inferred that the safety thresholds of Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr and Cu in soil were 27,700, 50, 1230, 493,000 and 16,800 mg L-1, respectively. The content of heavy metals in soil and tea varies greatly in different regions of Jiangsu Province, 92% of the soil has heavy metal content that meets the requirements of pollution-free tea gardens, 91% of tea samples met the requirements of green food tea. The thresholds for Ni (50 mg L-1) and Mn (1230 mg L-1) can be used as maximum limits in tea plantation soils. The consumption of tea infusions did not pose metal-related risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Ren
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Li
- Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Nanjing Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhongwei Zou
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xue Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanchun Ma
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanping Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Lee JG, Hwang JY, Lee HE, Choi JD, Kang GJ. Comparative analysis of lead content during food processing. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1063-1069. [PMID: 32670660 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals in groups 3-16 in periods 4 and greater. They exist naturally in the earth's crust. People are exposed to heavy metals by the inhalation of polluted air and via the intake of contaminated food. People are exposed to lead (Pb), one of heavy metals, by consuming foods that are contaminated from the environment. Pb is ubiquitous in the environment and accumulates in plants and animals that eat contaminated plants. The Pb in foods before and after processing were analyzed via Inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry to determine the effects of the procedures on the Pb migration and residue. This analytical method was verified to have a limit of detection of 0.011-0.859 µg/kg, acceptable linearity with the regression coefficient of 0.999, relative recoveries of 78.1-89.9% and repeatability of 1.4-7.7%. The amount of Pb was reduced during the following processes: more than 79.6% by extracting ginseng, extracting red ginseng and balloon flower roots via alcohol, more than 47.9% by blanching Chwinamul, more than 18.2% by brewing coffee with cold and hot water, more than 22.2% by extracting juices from fruits and peeling fruits. Therefore, proper cooking and food processing can be advantageous in terms of reducing exposure to Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Goo Lee
- Food Contaminants Division, Department of Food Safety Evaluation, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28159 South Korea
| | - Jeong-Yun Hwang
- Food Contaminants Division, Department of Food Safety Evaluation, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28159 South Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Lee
- Food Contaminants Division, Department of Food Safety Evaluation, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28159 South Korea
| | - Jang-Duck Choi
- Food Contaminants Division, Department of Food Safety Evaluation, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28159 South Korea
| | - Gil-Jin Kang
- Food Contaminants Division, Department of Food Safety Evaluation, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28159 South Korea
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Ghiasi MS, Chen JE, Rodriguez EK, Vaziri A, Nazarian A. Computational modeling of human bone fracture healing affected by different conditions of initial healing stage. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:562. [PMID: 31767007 PMCID: PMC6878676 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone healing process includes four phases: inflammatory response, soft callus formation, hard callus development, and remodeling. Mechanobiological models have been used to investigate the role of various mechanical and biological factors on bone healing. However, the effects of initial healing phase, which includes the inflammatory stage, the granulation tissue formation, and the initial callus formation during the first few days post-fracture, are generally neglected in such studies. Methods In this study, we developed a finite-element-based model to simulate different levels of diffusion coefficient for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) migration, Young’s modulus of granulation tissue, callus thickness and interfragmentary gap size to understand the modulatory effects of these initial phase parameters on bone healing. Results The results quantified how faster MSC migration, stiffer granulation tissue, thicker callus, and smaller interfragmentary gap enhanced healing to some extent. However, after a certain threshold, a state of saturation was reached for MSC migration rate, granulation tissue stiffness, and callus thickness. Therefore, a parametric study was performed to verify that the callus formed at the initial phase, in agreement with experimental observations, has an ideal range of geometry and material properties to have the most efficient healing time. Conclusions Findings from this paper quantified the effects of the initial healing phase on healing outcome to better understand the biological and mechanobiological mechanisms and their utilization in the design and optimization of treatment strategies. It is also demonstrated through a simulation that for fractures, where bone segments are in close proximity, callus development is not required. This finding is consistent with the concepts of primary and secondary bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Ghiasi
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN115, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 334 Snell Engineering Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jason E Chen
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN115, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Edward K Rodriguez
- Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashkan Vaziri
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 334 Snell Engineering Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN115, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia.
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Biglia N, Bounous VE, Gallo M, Fuso L, Sgro LG, Maggiorotto F, Ponzone R. Feasibility and oncological safety of sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer patients with a local recurrence. Breast 2018; 41:8-13. [PMID: 29933180 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role and feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer patients with a local recurrence and no clinically positive axillary lymph nodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 71 patients underwent SLNB for breast cancer recurrence. At first surgery, they had received SLNB (46.5%), axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) (36.6%) or no axillary surgery (16.9%). RESULTS Lymphatic migration was successful in 53 out of 71 patients (74.6%) and was significantly higher in patients with previous SLNB or no axillary surgery than in those with previous ALND (87.9% vs. 53.8%; p = 0.009). Aberrant lymphatic migration pathways were observed in 7 patients (13.2%). The surgical SLNB was successfully performed in 51 patients (71.8%). In 46 patients (90.2%) the SLN was histologically negative, in 3 patients (5.9%) micrometastastatic and in 2 patients (3.9%) macrometastatic. The 2 patients with a macrometastates in SLN underwent ALND, In 4 out of the 18 patients with failure of tracer migration ALND, performed as surgeon's choice, did not find any metastatic node. After a median follow-up period of 39 months (range: 2-182 months), no axillary recurrence has been diagnosed. CONCLUSION A SLNB in patients with locally recurrent breast cancer, no previous ALND and negative axillary lymph nodes is technically feasible and impacts on the ALND rate. In patients who at primary surgery received ALND, migration rate is significantly lower, aberrant migration is frequent and no clinically useful information has been obtained.
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Britto FB, Schmidt AJ, Carvalho AM, Vasconcelos CC, Farias AM, Bentzen P, Diniz FM. Population connectivity and larval dispersal of the exploited mangrove crab Ucides cordatus along the Brazilian coast. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4702. [PMID: 29736340 PMCID: PMC5933341 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mangrove crab Ucides cordatus is considered a key species for the ecological balance of mangrove forests and a major source of employment and income for traditional crab collectors in Brazil. Several studies evidenced weak genetic variation among populations due to an efficient larval transport. However, gene flow patterns of the species is poorly understood, with no information about migration rates. The influence of the two main Brazilian currents in larval dispersion is also not clear. In order to provide baseline information for conservation, planning and management of this important fishery resource, the present study aimed to estimate and evaluate spatial distribution of genetic diversity, migration rates and gene flow directivity among populations of U. cordatus in Brazil. METHODS Nine microsatellites were used to resolve population structure of 319 crabs collected from six sites located along the Brazilian coast. The degree of geographical differentiation included estimates of genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow models, with spatial analysis of shared alleles (SAShA), isolation by distance tests, AMOVA, discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and Bayesian clustering. We estimated the amount of ongoing gene flow between clusters using the coalescent-based method implemented in Migrate-N. RESULTS Loci were highly polymorphic (average of 12.4 alleles per locus) evidencing high genetic variability. There was significant differentiation among localities, despite of the low value of FST (= 0.019; P < 0.001). FST and Jost's D indexes were also estimated in pairwise comparisons and showed significant differences between most of the surveyed site pairs (P < 0.05). Structure evidenced a single genetic group among samples, however SAShA pointed to a non-panmictic condition (P = 0.011). AMOVA detected four statistical significant clusters with low level of differentiation (FCT = 0.037; P = 0.023). The gene flow model that best described the population connectivity was the island model, with ∼24 crabs being exchanged among localities per generation. DISCUSSION The high migration rates found among localities seem to be the main force acting to sustain the distribution of the genetic diversity of U. cordatus. Despite the high gene flow and the weak population structure among samples, the significant genetic differences found suggest that gene flow alone does not bypass the effects of genetic drift, natural selection and/or human exploitation. These findings are vital for the establishment of a database to be used in the development of conservation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio B. Britto
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Anders J. Schmidt
- Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Teixeira de Freitas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Adriana M.F. Carvalho
- Molecular Biology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Meio-Norte, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Antonia M. Farias
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Northeast Biotechnology Network RENORBIO, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Paul Bentzen
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Fábio M. Diniz
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
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Takahashi J, Wakabayashi S, Tamura K, Onda Y. Downward migration of radiocesium in an abandoned paddy soil after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. J Environ Radioact 2018; 182:157-164. [PMID: 29248741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
After the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident on March 2011, continuous monitoring of the detailed vertical distribution of radiocesium in soil is required to evaluate the fate of radiocesium and establish strategies for remediation and management of the contaminated land. It is especially important to investigate paddy soil because little knowledge has been accumulated for paddy soil and wetland rice is a major staple in Japan. Therefore, we monitored the vertical distribution of 137Cs in abandoned paddy soil in a planned evacuation zone from June 2011 to March 2016. The decontamination works (i.e., 5 cm of surface soil removal and re-covering with uncontaminated soil) were conducted by the government in 2015. As a result of monitoring, the 137Cs gradually migrated downward with time and the 137Cs concentration in the 0-10 cm soil was almost homogenous in October 2014, although it was non-cultivated. The liner relationship was obtained between the median depth, which is the thickness of a soil layer containing half of the total 137Cs inventory, and the time after the accident, indicating the migration rate was constant (1.3 cm y-1) before the decontamination works. After the decontamination works, the 137Cs concentration in the uppermost surface layer was reduced by 90%, however the total 137Cs inventory was reduced by only 50-70%. It was shown that the efficiency of 137Cs removal by the decontamination works decrease linearly over time in fields like the studied paddy, in which the homogenization of 137Cs concentration occurred. Conversely, the downward migration of 137Cs to subsurface layers deeper than 10 cm (i.e., plowpan layer) with low permeability rarely occurred. It is expected that these unique trends in distribution and migration of 137Cs would be found in abandoned paddy soils with properties similar to the studied soil, sandy loam but poorly drained because of the low permeable plowpan layer, although further validation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Takahashi
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Shokichi Wakabayashi
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yuichi Onda
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Arditi R, Lobry C, Sari T. Asymmetric dispersal in the multi-patch logistic equation. Theor Popul Biol 2017; 120:11-15. [PMID: 29278681 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The standard model for the dynamics of a fragmented density-dependent population is built from several local logistic models coupled by migrations. First introduced in the 1970s and used in innumerable articles, this standard model applied to a two-patch situation has never been fully analyzed. Here, we complete this analysis and we delineate the conditions under which fragmentation associated with dispersal is either favorable or unfavorable to total population abundance. We pay special attention to the case of asymmetric dispersal, i.e., the situation in which the dispersal rate from patch 1 to patch 2 is not equal to the dispersal rate from patch 2 to patch 1. We show that this asymmetry can have a crucial quantitative influence on the effect of dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Arditi
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; Sorbonne Université, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (iEES-Paris), 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - Claude Lobry
- Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Centre de recherches en histoire des idées (CRHI), 98 boulevard Édouard Herriot, BP 3209, 06204 Nice cedex, France.
| | - Tewfik Sari
- ITAP, Irstea, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Université de Haute Alsace, LMIA, Mulhouse, France.
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Mélachio TTT, Njiokou F, Ravel S, Simo G, Solano P, De Meeûs T. Effect of sampling methods, effective population size and migration rate estimation in Glossina palpalis palpalis from Cameroon. Infect Genet Evol 2015; 33:150-7. [PMID: 25917495 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human and animal trypanosomiases are two major constraints to development in Africa. These diseases are mainly transmitted by tsetse flies in particular by Glossina palpalis palpalis in Western and Central Africa. To set up an effective vector control campaign, prior population genetics studies have proved useful. Previous studies on population genetics of G. p. palpalis using microsatellite loci showed high heterozygote deficits, as compared to Hardy-Weinberg expectations, mainly explained by the presence of null alleles and/or the mixing of individuals belonging to several reproductive units (Wahlund effect). In this study we implemented a system of trapping, consisting of a central trap and two to four satellite traps around the central one to evaluate a possible role of the Wahlund effect in tsetse flies from three Cameroon human and animal African trypanosomiases foci (Campo, Bipindi and Fontem). We also estimated effective population sizes and dispersal. No difference was observed between the values of allelic richness, genetic diversity and Wright's FIS, in the samples from central and from satellite traps, suggesting an absence of Wahlund effect. Partitioning of the samples with Bayesian methods showed numerous clusters of 2-3 individuals as expected from a population at demographic equilibrium with two expected offspring per reproducing female. As previously shown, null alleles appeared as the most probable factor inducing these heterozygote deficits in these populations. Effective population sizes varied from 80 to 450 individuals while immigration rates were between 0.05 and 0.43, showing substantial genetic exchanges between different villages within a focus. These results suggest that the "suppression" with establishment of physical barriers may be the best strategy for a vector control campaign in this forest context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flobert Njiokou
- University of Yaounde I, Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, BP 812 Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sophie Ravel
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR IRD/CIRAD 177 INTERTRYP, TA A-17/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Gustave Simo
- Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Philippe Solano
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR IRD/CIRAD 177 INTERTRYP, TA A-17/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; UMR 177 IRD/CIRAD INTERTRYP, Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), 01 BP 454 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Thierry De Meeûs
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR IRD/CIRAD 177 INTERTRYP, TA A-17/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; UMR 177 IRD/CIRAD INTERTRYP, Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), 01 BP 454 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
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Orzeł J, Komosa A. Study on the rate of plutonium vertical migration in various soil types of Lublin region (Eastern Poland). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013; 299:643-649. [PMID: 26224953 PMCID: PMC4513979 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Soil contamination level with 239+240Pu of Lublin region was determined using the alpha spectrometric method. Results were compared with similar data from the study performed 15 year earlier. Decrease in total 239+240Pu concentration and reducing quantity of Chernobyl fraction (up to almost negligible value of 1 %) has been observed in upper soil layer. Determination of 239+240Pu concentration in soil profile layers allows calculating a vertical migration velocity of plutonium applying a compartment migration model. It was found that 239+240Pu migration rate varies depending on soil type from 0.29 cm year-1 in Podsols to 0.58 cm year-1 in Fluvisols with mean value of 0.5 cm year-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Orzeł
- Department of Radiochemistry and Colloid Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Komosa
- Department of Radiochemistry and Colloid Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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