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NAKHOSTIN-ANSARI AMIN, NAGHSHTABRIZI NIMA, MOHAMMADZADEH MARYAM, NAGHDI SOOFIA, DELAVARI FARNAZ, KHALIFELOO MAEDEH, VEZVAEI PAYAM, ANSARI NOUREDDINNAKHOSTIN. Balance measures of mini and brief balance evaluation system tests for Iranian population. J Prev Med Hyg 2024; 65:E83-E92. [PMID: 38706770 PMCID: PMC11066829 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2024.65.1.3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Falling is a serious problem for all ages. There are several tests to assess balance. Mini-BESTest and brief-BESTest are balance tests for which there are no normative values for Iranian people. We aimed to provide the normative values of mini-BESTest and brief-BESTest among healthy Iranian adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was designed. Three hundred healthy adults (150 males and 150 females) in six age groups (18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, +70 years) completed the tests using Persian mini-BESTest and brief-BESTest. Normative values were calculated for age groups. Results Normative values of mini-BESTest and brief- BESTest decreased significantly with age (from 27 to 21.9 for mini-BESTest and from 22.9 to 15.4 for brief BESTest). There were no significant differences between genders except for females in 30-39 and 40-49 years age groups which scored better on brief-BESTest and mini-BESTest, respectively. Males had significantly scored better in brief- BESTest in 60-69 and ≥ 70 age groups. Conclusions The normative values of the mini-BESTest and brief-BESTest provided for healthy Iranian adults can help clinicians when assessing subjects with balance dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- AMIN NAKHOSTIN-ANSARI
- Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - NIMA NAGHSHTABRIZI
- Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - MARYAM MOHAMMADZADEH
- Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - FARNAZ DELAVARI
- Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - MAEDEH KHALIFELOO
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - PAYAM VEZVAEI
- Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dogruoz Karatekin B, İcagasioglu A, Pasin O. Validity, reliability and minimal detectable change of Mini-BESTest Turkish version in neurological disorders. Acta Neurol Belg 2023:10.1007/s13760-023-02299-7. [PMID: 37326807 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS It is aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of Mini-BESTestTR in Turkish patients with neurological disorders. METHODS A total of 61 people between the ages of 42 and 80, who were patients with Parkinson's disease, stroke or multiple sclerosis for more than 1 year, were included in the study. For inter-rater reliability, two independent researchers applied the scale two times within 5 days for test-retest reliability. The relationship of mini-BESTestTR with Berg Balance Scale (BBS) to assess concurrent validity, and Timed Get up and Go (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT) and Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC) for convergent validity was investigated. RESULTS The scores of the two evaluators were within the range of agreement (mean = - 0.278 ± 1.484, p > 0.05), and the Mini-BESTestTR had excellent inter-rater reliability [ICC (95% CI) = 0.989 (0.981-0.993)] and test-retest reliability [ICC (95% CI) = 0.998 (0.996-0.999)]. Mini-BESTestTR had a strong correlation with BBS (r = 0.853, p < 0.001) and TUG (r = - 0.856, p < 0.001), had a moderate correlation with FAC (r = 0.696, p < 0.001) and FRT (r = 0.650, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Mini-BESTestTR showed significant correlations with other balance assessment measures, and concurrent and convergent validity of Mini-BESTestTR was demonstrated when administered to a sample of patients with chronic stroke, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilinc Dogruoz Karatekin
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Goztepe Prof Dr Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Kadıköy, 34730, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Afitap İcagasioglu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Pasin
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Foundation University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Stolakis K, Megas P, Panagiotopoulos E, Mentis M, Antoniadou E, Kalivioti X, Tyllianakis M, Kokkalis Z. Association of vitamins B12 and D3 with Balance and Falls in a sample of Greek older people. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2023; 23:205-214. [PMID: 37259660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Balance disorders and falls are common in the elderly and have a multifactorial etiology. The purpose of the present cross-sectional study is to evaluate a possible association between vitamins D3 and B12 and impaired balance and falls. METHODS Ninety patients, females and males, were evaluated, from December 2019 to December 2020 during their first ambulatory visit at the Prevention of Falls Clinic of the General University Hospital of Patras. Vitamins B12 and D3 levels were measured. The number of falls during the last 12 months was recorded and patients were assessed using Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), Fried Phenotype, Walking Speed, Hand Grip Strength, Short Physical Performance Battery. RESULTS A multiple linear regression analysis showed that Mini-BESTest are statistically significantly predicted, F(10,79)=18.734, p<0.001, adj. R2=0.70 from Vit-B12 and FRIED Phenotype (pre-frail vs non-frail). Similarly, in the multiple binary logistic regression analysis, falls were statistically significantly predicted from FRIED Phenotype (pre-frail vs non-frail) χ2(5)=63.918, p<0.001, Nagelkerke R Squared=0.68. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of vitamins B12 but not of D3 are associated with better balance but not with less falls in a sample of community-dwelling older people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiotis Megas
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, Greece
| | | | - Manolis Mentis
- Department of Education Sciences and Social Work, University of Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Minos Tyllianakis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, Greece
| | - Zinon Kokkalis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, Greece
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Wagner S, Bring A, Åsenlöf P. Construct validity of the Mini-BESTest in individuals with chronic pain in specialized pain care. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:391. [PMID: 37198616 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance assessment scales are important clinical tests to identify balance impairments. Chronic pain (> 3 months) is associated with impaired dynamic balance; however, very few balance assessment scales are psychometrically evaluated for the population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the construct validity and internal consistency of the Mini-BESTest for individuals with chronic pain in specialized pain care. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 180 individuals with chronic pain (> 3 months) were assessed with the Mini-BESTest and included in the analyses. For construct validity, five alternative factor structures were evaluated using a confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, we tested the a priori hypotheses about convergent validity with the 10-meter walk test, and divergent validity with the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI): pain intensity, the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS-SW). Internal consistency was evaluated for the model with the best fit. RESULTS A one-factor model with added covariance via the modification indices showed adequate fit indices. In line with our hypotheses, Mini-BESTest showed convergent validity (rs = > 0.70) with the 10-meter walk test, and divergent validity (rs = < 0.50) with BPI pain intensity, TSK-11, and PCS-SW. Internal consistency for the one-factor model was good (α = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS Our study supported the construct validity and internal consistency of the Mini-BESTest for measuring balance in individuals with chronic pain, who were referred to specialized pain care. The one-factor model showed an adequate fit. In comparison, models with subscales did not reach convergence, or showed high correlations between subscales, implying that Mini-BESTest is measuring one construct in this sample. We, therefore, propose using the total score, instead of subscale scores, for individuals with chronic pain. However, further studies are necessary to establish the reliability of the Mini-BESTest in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Wagner
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Bring
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Åsenlöf
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Phyu SN, Wanpen S, Chatchawan U. Responsiveness of the Mini-Balance Evaluation System Test in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:3015-3028. [PMID: 36601428 PMCID: PMC9807068 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s392058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mini-BESTest is an instrument for assessing the balance impairment; however, the use of the Mini-BESTest in type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy is not well documented in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine the responsiveness and the minimal important change (MIC) of the Mini-BESTest after four weeks of the balance exercises. Methods A prospective single group pretest-posttest design was applied, and forty-eight type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy were participated (mean age of 59.04 ± 7.533 years; 3 males and 45 females). All participants were given an intervention program including foot care and balance exercises (50-minute sessions, three times a week for four weeks). The responsiveness of the Mini-BESTest was determined using two approaches: 1) the distribution-based method evaluating the change scores (pre- and post-intervention), the effect size (ES), the standard response mean (SRM), the standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MDC95) and 2) the anchor-based method evaluating the MIC using the Global Rating of Change scale (GRC) as an external criterion. Results After the balance exercises treatment, the Mini-BESTest scores significantly improved (p < 0.001) with an ES of 3.9 and SRM of 4.32. SEM was 0.73 and MDC95 was 2.03 points. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve corresponded to 81%. The cutoff point of the Mini-BESTest was ≥5 points corresponding to the GRC ≤3 versus >3 for the discrimination of the Mini-BESTest between improvement and no improvement after exercises. Conclusion The Mini-BESTest can be demonstrated as high responsiveness according to the determination of the distribution-based and the anchor-based methods. The MIC of the Mini-BESTest was taken as ≥5 points and could be used as an outcome measure for the discriminated evaluation of type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitt Nyein Phyu
- Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Faculty of Associated Medicine Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sawitri Wanpen
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Uraiwan Chatchawan
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Faculty of Associated Medicine Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Correspondence: Uraiwan Chatchawan, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Tel/Fax +6643202085, Email
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Alqahtani BA, Alhowimel AS, Alshehri MM, Alqahtani MA, Almuhaysh AA, Alshakarah AO, Alanazi A, Khoja AH, Alenazi AM. Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Arabic Version of the Mini-BESTest among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10. [PMID: 36292350 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: The Mini-BESTest is a clinical assessment of balance impairment; however, the translation and psychometric properties in the Arabic-speaking population have not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to translate into Arabic and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Mini-BESTest in Saudi community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This is a cross-sectional transcultural adaptation and validation study. A total of 144 community-dwelling older adults were enrolled (mean age = 66.2 ± 6.2 years). The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Mini-BESTest from English to Arabic was performed using standardized guidelines. Test−retest reliability was examined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with one week between test and retest. The internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity of the Mini-BESTest was assessed using balance such as Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I). Results: The Arabic version of the Mini-BESTest showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93). The scale shows excellent test−retest reliability (ICC = 0.99, 95% CI, 0.98−0.99) and excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.93, 95% CI, 0.70−0.97), which is indicative of the measure’s stability and repeatability. Mini-BESTest total scores showed an excellent inter-rater agreement. There was a significant correlation between total score of the Mini-BESTest and BBS (r = 0.72; p < 0.001). Mini-BESTest had a moderate association with FES-I. Conclusion: The Arabic version of the Mini-BESTest is a reliable and valid test for assessing balance in older adults. More research is needed to confirm the test’s reliability and validity in a specific population, such as those with neurological problems.
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Nakhostin-Ansari A, Nakhostin Ansari N, Mellat-Ardakani M, Nematizad M, Naghdi S, Babaki M, Farhangian M, Habibi AH, Tafakhori A, Hasson S. Reliability and validity of Persian versions of Mini-BESTest and Brief-BESTest in persons with Parkinson's disease. Physiother Theory Pract 2022; 38:1264-1272. [PMID: 32960126 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2020.1822967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mini-BESTest and Brief-BESTest are used to assess balance in patients with a wide range of balance disorders. While there are Persian versions of Mini-BESTest and Brief-BESTest, the psychometric properties have not been thoroughly evaluated. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Persian versions of Mini-BESTest and Brief-BESTest in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Three medical students rated videotaped performances of 49 individuals with PD on the Persian Mini-BESTest, Persian Brief-BESTest, and Berg balance scale (BBS). Healthy adults were matched with persons having PD in terms of age and gender. RESULTS There were no floor and ceiling effects. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.965-0.973). The minimal detectable changes were 2.37 and 3.47 for Persian versions of Mini-BESTest and Brief-BESTest, respectively. The Persian versions of Mini-BESTest and Brief-BESTest had very good correlations with BBS (r > 0.7) confirming construct validity. There was a very good correlation between the Mini-BESTest and the Brief-BESTest total scores (r = 0.78). There were significant differences between the persons with PD and healthy adults on both tests supporting discriminant validity. Significant differences in balance performances across Hoehn and Yahr stages were found which supported known-groups validity. CONCLUSION The Persian versions of Mini-BESTest and Brief-BESTest are reliable and valid instruments for balance evaluation in persons with PD. Further study to determine the reliability and validity of both tests when examining patients in real-time in the clinic is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Nakhostin-Ansari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Mellat-Ardakani
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Nematizad
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soofia Naghdi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - MohammadJavad Babaki
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhangian
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hassan Habibi
- Department of Neurology, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital and Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Scott Hasson
- Department of Physical Therapy, AugustaUniversity, Augusta, GA, USA
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Bendt M, Forslund EB, Hagman G, Hultling C, Seiger Å, Franzén E. Gait and dynamic balance in adults with spina bifida. Gait Posture 2022; 96:343-350. [PMID: 35820238 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spina bifida (SB) is a complex congenital malformation, often causing impaired gait performance depending on the level and extent of malformation. Research regarding gait and balance performance in adults with SB, has not been sufficiently described yet. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the characteristics of spatiotemporal gait parameters and balance performance in adults with SB? Further, do persons with muscle function (MF) level 3 differ regarding gait and balance performance from those with MF level 1-2? METHODS Cross-sectional observational study at an outpatient clinic. 41 adults with SB (18-65 years), who walked regularly. Spatiotemporal parameters of gait was assessed with the APDM system and balance performance with the Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest). Muscle strength in the legs was assessed with 0-5 manual muscle test, and participants were classified according to level of MF into groups MF1, MF2, and MF3. Two-sided t-test was used for parametric independent variables, and Cohen's d was used for effect sizes. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for non-parametric independent data and effect size was calculated by the z value (r = z/√n). RESULTS Mean gait speed was 0.96 (SD 0.20) m/s and mean stride length 1.08 m (SD 0.17), individuals with MF3 showed significantly slower gaitspeed and shorter stride length (p < 0.05). Lumbar rotation was 21° (SD 11), and thoracic lateral sway 15° (IQR 15) with significantley difference (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05) for individuals in MF3. Mini-BESTest showed a mean score of 11.3 (SD 6.9), and individuals with MF3 showed significantly lower scores (p ≤ 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE Gait and balance performance was reduced compared to normative data in almost all parameters, especially in persons with less muscle function. Increased knowledge from advanced gait analysis may help healthcare professionals to design rehabilitation programmes, in order to achieve and maintain a sustainable gait and balance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bendt
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Aleris Rehab Station, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Emelie Butler Forslund
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Aleris Rehab Station, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Göran Hagman
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Claes Hultling
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Spinalis Foundation, Sophiahemmet University College, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Åke Seiger
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Aleris Rehab Station, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Erika Franzén
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholms Sjukhem R and D Unit, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Phyu SN, Peungsuwan P, Puntumetakul R, Chatchawan U. Reliability and Validity of Mini-Balance Evaluation System Test in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35682526 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy is known to cause balance limitations in static, dynamic, and functional activity. The Mini-BESTest, a shortened version of BESTest, was evolved to identify balance disorders within a short duration. No prior studies have yet been conducted to assess the usefulness of Mini-BESTest in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The current study aimed to examine the reliability and discriminant validity by comparing the Mini-BESTest scores between type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy, divided into two 2 groups based on reporting scores of <4 and ≥4 in the MNSI questionnaire, respectively. Therefore, a cross-sectional study design was conducted including 44 type 2 diabetic patients (4 males and 40 females; aged 56.61 ± 7.7 years old). Diabetic peripheral neuropathy was diagnosed by physical assessment using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). Inter-rater (two physiotherapists) and Intra-rater (7−10 days) reliability of the Mini-BESTest were explored with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1) and (ICC3,1). The Mini-BESTest presented an excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC2,1= 0.95, 95% CI = 0.91−0.97, SEM = 0.61) and an excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC3,1 = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.87−0.96, SEM = 0.66), with confirmation by a good agreement presented by the Bland−Altman plots. The internal consistency measured with the overall Cronbach’s alpha showed an acceptable agreement (0.73). The MDC was 2.16. In addition, the Mini-BESTest scores in the type 2 diabetic neuropathy patients reporting MNSI questionnaire scores <4 was found to be significantly higher when compared with those reporting scores ≥4. The Mini-BESTest can be used as a highly reliable and valid clinical application in the population with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Beauchamp MK, Niebuhr R, Roche P, Kirkwood R, Sibley KM. A prospective study to establish the minimal clinically important difference of the Mini-BESTest in individuals with stroke. Clin Rehabil 2021; 35:1207-1215. [PMID: 34128411 PMCID: PMC8273365 DOI: 10.1177/02692155211025131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the minimal clinically important difference of the Mini-BESTest in individuals' post-stroke. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Outpatient stroke rehabilitation. SUBJECTS Fifty outpatients with stroke with a mean (SD) age of 60.8 (9.4). INTERVENTION Outpatients with stroke were assessed with the Mini-BESTest before and after a course of conventional rehabilitation. Rehabilitation sessions occurred one to two times/week for one hour and treatment duration was 1.3-42 weeks (mean (SD) = 17.4(10.6)). MAIN MEASURES We used a combination of anchor- and distribution-based approaches including a global rating of change in balance scale completed by physiotherapists and patients, the minimal detectable change with 95% confidence, and the optimal cut-point from receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS The average (SD) Mini-BESTest score at admission was 18.2 (6.5) and 22.4 (5.2) at discharge (effect size: 0.7) (P = 0.001). Mean change scores on the Mini-BESTest for patient and physiotherapist ratings of small change were 4.2 and 4.3 points, and 4.7 and 5.3 points for substantial change, respectively. The minimal detectable change with 95% confidence for the Mini-BESTest was 3.2 points. The minimally clinical importance difference was determined to be 4 points for detecting small changes and 5 points for detecting substantial changes. CONCLUSIONS A change of 4-5 points on the Mini-BEST is required to be perceptible to clinicians and patients, and beyond measurement error. These values can be used to interpret changes in balance in stroke rehabilitation research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla K Beauchamp
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Patricia Roche
- George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Renata Kirkwood
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn M Sibley
- George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Naghdi S, Nakhostin Ansari N, Forogh B, Khalifeloo M, Honarpisheh R, Nakhostin-Ansari A. Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version of the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test in Patients with Stroke. Neurol Ther 2020; 9:567-574. [PMID: 32797348 PMCID: PMC7606414 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-020-00207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke can cause balance disorders, which often lead to falls and fall-related injuries. The Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) is a balance test that has been recently translated into Persian. The reliability and validity of the Persian version of Mini-BESTest have not been assessed in patients with stroke. OBJECTIVES To assess the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Mini-BESTest in patients with stroke. METHODS A cross-sectional study was designed. Thirty patients with stroke participated in this study. Patients were tested using the Mini-BESTest according to the Persian instructions, and two raters independently rated each patient's performance. Each patient was matched with a healthy adult in the terms of age and gender. Healthy subjects were also tested for discriminative validity. RESULTS There was excellent correlation between two raters on the Persian version of the Mini-BESTest total scores (rPearson = 0.98, P < 0.001) and its sections (rPearson > 0.9). There was a significant difference between stroke patients and healthy subjects confirming the discriminative validity of the Persian version of the Mini-BESTest (19.4 ± 5.4 vs. 24.8 ± 2.3, P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS We only assessed stroke patients, and the results may not be generalized to other patients with balance deficits. CONCLUSIONS The Persian version of the Mini-BESTest is a reliable and valid tool for balance evaluation of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soofia Naghdi
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bijan Forogh
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Khalifeloo
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Honarpisheh
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Nakhostin-Ansari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Cramer E, Weber F, Faro G, Klein M, Willeke D, Hering T, Zietz D. Cross-cultural adaption and validation of the German version of the Mini-BESTest in individuals after stroke: an observational study. Neurol Res Pract 2020; 2:27. [PMID: 33324929 PMCID: PMC7650133 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-020-00078-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postural control is a very important function in everyday life. However, assessing postural control with commonly used measurement instruments (MIs) is limited due to deficits in their psychometric properties. The Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) is a comprehensive and multidimensional MI for assessing postural control in persons with limited balance function, such as individuals after stroke. Despite the increasing use of the Mini-BESTest worldwide, no German version is available. Research question Is the German version of the Mini-BESTest (GVMBT) comprehensible and valid for measuring postural control in individuals after stroke? Methods The Mini-BESTest was translated and cross-culturally adapted, following established guidelines. It was pilot-tested with ten participants. This observational measurement and validation study was conducted at one point and included 50 participants with subacute and chronic stroke (mean age: 64.58 ± 13.34 years/ 34 men/ 16 women). Convergent validity was investigated using 1) the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and 2) the Timed “Up & Go” (TUG). The MIs were evaluated for normal distribution with the calculation of skewness, kurtosis and Q-Q-Plots. Spearman correlation coefficients and Bland Altman analysis were used to examine the relationship between the MIs. The internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Results Comprehension of the GVMBT was confirmed. The GVMBT correlated significantly with the BBS (rs = 0.93) and the TUG (rs = − 0.85). Bland Altman analysis revealed low absolute differences. The GVMBT demonstrated no significant floor or ceiling effects and showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.90). Significance The GVMBT has excellent validity and internal consistency. Due to this and its specific subcategories, the GVMBT is recommended for the use in research and clinical practice. Further psychometric properties should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cramer
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Hochschule für Gesundheit (University of Applied Sciences), Gesundheitscampus 6-8, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Franziska Weber
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Hochschule für Gesundheit (University of Applied Sciences), Gesundheitscampus 6-8, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gilian Faro
- Rehabilitation Center for Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neuropaediatrics, VAMED Klinik Hattingen GmbH, Am Hagen 20, 45527 Hattingen, Germany
| | - Michael Klein
- Rehabilitation Center for Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neuropaediatrics, VAMED Klinik Hattingen GmbH, Am Hagen 20, 45527 Hattingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Willeke
- Rehabilitation Center for Neurology and Orthopaedics, Johanniter-Klinik am Rombergpark, Am Rombergpark 42, 44225 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Hering
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal (University of Applied Sciences), Osterburger Str. 25, 39576 Stendal, Germany
| | - Dörte Zietz
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Hochschule für Gesundheit (University of Applied Sciences), Gesundheitscampus 6-8, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Godi M, Arcolin I, Giardini M, Corna S, Schieppati M. Responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference of the Mini-BESTest in patients with Parkinson's disease. Gait Posture 2020; 80:14-19. [PMID: 32464537 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance problems in Parkinson's Disease (PD) require appropriate evaluation. While the Mini-BESTest is commonly used to assess dynamic balance, some of its psychometric properties have not yet been addressed. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the responsiveness and the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) of the Mini-BESTest in patients with PD? METHODS One-hundred forty-eight patients with PD underwent a treatment specific for balance skills (1-h session, three times/week for four weeks). All patients were initially evaluated with the Mini-BESTest and Activities-Specific Balance Confidence scale 5-levels (ABC-5L). Post-treatment, patients were assessed with the Mini-BESTest, ABC-5L and Global Rating of Change (GRC, both patient- and physiotherapist-rated). Responsiveness to treatment and MCID were calculated with distribution and anchor-based methods: effect size, area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC), and correlations between evaluations (change in score of Mini-BESTest, ABC-5L, GRC). Eleven a priori hypotheses were formulated for testing responsiveness. RESULTS The effect size of treatment measured with the Mini-BESTest was 0.44, revealing moderate responsiveness. AUCs were 0.75, 0.82 and 0.59 for the patient-rated GRC, physiotherapist-rated GRC and ABC-5L, respectively. There was a moderate correlation between changes in the Mini-BESTest and patient-rated (rs = 0.42) or physiotherapist-rated (rs = 0.62) GRC scores. Conversely, a low correlation (rs = 0.17) was found between changes in the Mini-BESTest and ABC-5L. Consequently, 72.7% of hypotheses were met. The Mini-BESTest MCID was between 3.4 and 4.0 when calculated with distribution and anchor-based methods, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE The Mini-BESTest showed moderate responsiveness for detecting treatment-related improvement in dynamic balance. A 4.0-point MCID value is useful to identify clinical effects of balance rehabilitation in a single patient with PD. Values ranging from 3.4 and 4.0 are recommended for interpretation of results at a group level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Godi
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, IRCCS, Institute of Veruno, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Arcolin
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, IRCCS, Institute of Veruno, Italy.
| | - Marica Giardini
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, IRCCS, Institute of Veruno, Italy.
| | - Stefano Corna
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, IRCCS, Institute of Veruno, Italy.
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Miyata K, Hasegawa S, Iwamoto H, Otani T, Kaizu Y, Shinohara T, Usuda S. Comparing the measurement properties and relationship to gait speed recovery of the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test and the Berg Balance Scale in ambulatory individuals with subacute stroke. Phys Ther Res 2020; 23:72-78. [PMID: 32850282 DOI: 10.1298/ptr.e10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) is known to be a reliable and valid measure of balance in individuals with stroke, the utility of this tool in relation to subacute stroke walking speed and the recovery of gait ability has not been explored. Here, we compared the measurement properties and their relationship to gait speed on the Mini-BESTest and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) in middle and older ambulatory individuals with subacute stroke, and we investigated which balance assessment tool is more likely to capture the status of the recovery of gait speed. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 88 individuals 50 years or older with stroke who had been evaluated using the Mini-BESTest by using the BBS and by assessing their comfortable walking speed (CWS). The proportion of subjects who showed improvement was calculated for 34 stroke survivors from data obtained at admission to and discharge from the hospital. RESULTS Compared with the BBS, the Mini-BESTest showed a better distribution of total scores without a ceiling effect. The two scales showed correlations with gait speed (Mini-BESTest: r=0.702; BBS: r=0.592) and discrimination between fast and slow walkers. The responsiveness of the Mini-BESTest was excellent, with an area under the curve of 0.894, thus discriminating between gait speed improvement versus non-improvement. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the Mini-BESTest is more useful than the BBS in terms of its measurement properties and ability to measure gait recovery in middle and older ambulatory individuals with subacute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Miyata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Science
| | - Satoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Public Nanokaichi Hospital.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Hiroki Iwamoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Centre, Hidaka Rehabilitation Hospital
| | | | - Yoichi Kaizu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences.,Department of Rehabilitation Centre, Hidaka Hospital
| | - Tomoyuki Shinohara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Shigeru Usuda
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences
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15
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Roy A, Higgins J, Nadeau S. Reliability and minimal detectable change of the mini-BESTest in adults with spinal cord injury in a rehabilitation setting. Physiother Theory Pract 2019; 37:126-134. [PMID: 31156010 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1622161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: The mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (mini-BESTest) is a valid tool for assessing standing balance in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Its reliability has not yet been investigated with this population. Objective: To assess the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the mini-BESTest in adults with SCI in a rehabilitation setting. Methods: Twenty-three participants admitted in a rehabilitation center following an SCI (mean age = 52.2 years, SD = 14.5; 13/23 tetraplegia; 14/23 traumatic injury) and able to stand 30 seconds without help were recruited. They were evaluated twice with the mini-BESTest to establish the test-retest reliability (interval of 1 to 2 days). One of the two sessions was video-recorded to establish the inter-rater reliability (3 physiotherapists). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1), weighted kappa (Kw) and Kendall's W were used to determine reliability of total score and individual items. Minimal detectable changes (MDC) were computed. Results. The mini-BESTest total scores showed excellent test-retest (ICC = 0.94) and inter-rater (ICC = 0.96) reliability. Reliability of 50% of the individual items was acceptable to excellent (Κw and W = 0.35-1.00). The MDC of the mini-BESTest total score was 4 points. Conclusion: The mini-BESTest is a reliable tool to assess standing balance in adults with an SCI. A minimal change of 4 points on the total scale is needed to be confident that the change is not a measurement error between two sessions or two raters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Roy
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon du Parc , Montréal, QC, Canada.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Spinal Cord Injury Unit, Institut universitaire sur la réadaptation en déficience physique de Montréal (IURDPM) du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal (CCSMTL) , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Johanne Higgins
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon du Parc , Montréal, QC, Canada.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Spinal Cord Injury Unit, Institut universitaire sur la réadaptation en déficience physique de Montréal (IURDPM) du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal (CCSMTL) , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Nadeau
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon du Parc , Montréal, QC, Canada.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Spinal Cord Injury Unit, Institut universitaire sur la réadaptation en déficience physique de Montréal (IURDPM) du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal (CCSMTL) , Montréal, QC, Canada
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16
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Morlino P, Balbi B, Guglielmetti S, Giardini M, Grasso M, Giordano C, Schieppati M, Nardone A. Gait abnormalities of COPD are not directly related to respiratory function. Gait Posture 2017; 58:352-357. [PMID: 28866454 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess whether gait abnormalities in COPD depend on mere impairment of respiratory function. METHODS In 40 patients with COPD at different GOLD stages and 28 controls, we evaluated: forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1); partial pressure of oxygen; Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); dynamic balance through the Mini-BESTest (MBT); Timed Up and Go (TUG) test without and with dual task counting aloud back by three; 6-min walk test (6MWT); body sway during quiet stance (stabilometry); spatial-temporal variables of gait by a 4-m long sensorized walkway (baropodometry). Lower-limb muscle strength, tendon reflexes, and sensation were also clinically evaluated. RESULTS Muscle strength of proximal but not distal muscles was slightly reduced in patients, whereas reflexes and sensation were unaffected. FEV1, partial pressure of oxygen, MMSE, MBT, stabilometry, as well as baropodometry, were abnormal and unrelated to muscle weakness. The time taken to perform the TUG test was increased, and to a larger extent with than without dual task. At baropodometry, variability of step length was increased; abnormalities of gait variables were associated with larger body sway but not with FEV1 or hypoxemia. Gait speed at 6MWT was correlated with MBT score and with FEV1 as well as hypoxemia. CONCLUSIONS 6MWT findings give a measure of gait disability linked to endurance-related respiratory failure. Gait at baropodometry is associated with impairment of balance, cognitive status and abnormal dual task performance. We suggest that central nervous lesions, presumably of vascular origin, are detrimental to balance and gait in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Morlino
- Posture and Movement Laboratory, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ICS MAUGERI SPA SB, Institute of Veruno, IRCCS, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, ICS MAUGERI SPA SB, Institute of Veruno, IRCCS, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Posture and Movement Laboratory, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ICS MAUGERI SPA SB, Institute of Veruno, IRCCS, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - Marica Giardini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Margherita Grasso
- Posture and Movement Laboratory, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ICS MAUGERI SPA SB, Institute of Veruno, IRCCS, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - Chiara Giordano
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, ICS MAUGERI SPA SB, Institute of Veruno, IRCCS, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - Marco Schieppati
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, Differdange, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio Nardone
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Centro Studi Attività Motorie, ICS MAUGERI SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy; Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Units, ICS MAUGERI SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
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17
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Madhavan S, Bishnoi A. Comparison of the Mini-Balance Evaluations Systems Test with the Berg Balance Scale in relationship to walking speed and motor recovery post stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil 2017; 24:579-584. [PMID: 28826325 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2017.1366097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mini-BESTest is a recently developed balance assessment tool that incorporates challenging dynamic balance tasks. Few studies have compared the psychometric properties of the Mini-BESTest to the commonly used Berg Balance Scale (BBS). However, the utility of these scales in relationship to post stroke walking speeds has not been explored. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the Mini-BESTest and BBS to evaluate walking speeds in individuals with stroke. DESIGN A retrospective exploratory design. METHODS Forty-one individuals with chronic stroke were evaluated with the Mini-BESTest, BBS, and 10-meter self-selected walk test (10MWT). Based on their self-selected gait speeds (below or above 0.8 m/s), participants were classified as slow and fast walkers. RESULTS Significant linear correlations were observed between the Mini-BESTest vs. BBS (r = 0.72, p ≤ 0.001), Mini-BESTest vs. 10MWT (r = 0.58, p ≤ 0.001), and BBS vs. 10MWT (r = 0.30, p = 0.05). Independent t-tests comparing the balance scores for the slow and fast walkers revealed significant group differences for the Mini-BESTest (p = 0.003), but not for the BBS (p = 0.09). The Mini-BESTest demonstrated higher sensitivity (93%) and specificity (64%) compared to the BBS (sensitivity 81%, specificity 56%) for discriminating participants into slow and fast walkers. CONCLUSIONS The Mini-BESTest has a greater discriminative ability than the BBS to categorize individuals with stroke into slow and fast walkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Madhavan
- a Brain Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Alka Bishnoi
- b Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
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18
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Dewar R, Claus AP, Tucker K, Ware R, Johnston LM. Reproducibility of the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) and the Mini-BESTest in school-aged children. Gait Posture 2017; 55:68-74. [PMID: 28419876 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the intra-rater, inter-rater and test-retest reproducibility of the Full-BESTest and Mini-BESTest when assessing postural control in children. Thirty-four children aged 7-17 years participated in intra-rater and inter-rater evaluation, and 22 children repeated assessment six weeks later for evaluation of test-retest reliability. Postural control was assessed using the Full Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Full-BESTest) and the short-form Mini-BESTest. Intra-rater, inter-rater and test-retest reproducibility were examined using video assessment. Test-retest reproducibility was also assessed in real-time. Reproducibility was examined by agreement and reliability statistics. Agreement was calculated using percentage of agreement, Limits of Agreement and Smallest Detectable Change. Reliability was calculated using Intra-class Correlation Coefficients. Results showed that the reliability of Total Scores was excellent for the Full-BESTest for all conditions (all ICCs>0.82), whereas the Mini-BESTest ranged from fair to excellent (ICC=0.56-0.86). Percentage of Domain Scores with good-excellent reliability (ICCs>0.60) was slightly higher for the Full-BESTest (66%) compared to the Mini-BESTest (59%). Smallest Detectable Change scores were good to excellent for the Full-BESTest (2%-6%) and for the Mini-BESTest (5%-10%) relative to total test scores. Both the Full-BESTest and Mini-BESTest can discriminate postural control abilities within and between days in school-aged children. The Full-BESTest has slightly better reproducibility and a broader range of items, which could be the most useful version for treatment planning. We propose minor modifications to improve reproducibility for children, and indicate the modified version by the title Kids-BESTest. Future psychometric research is recommended for specific paediatric clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dewar
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - A P Claus
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K Tucker
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R Ware
- Griffith University, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L M Johnston
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
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19
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Duncan RP, Leddy AL, Cavanaugh JT, Dibble LE, Ellis TD, Ford MP, Foreman KB, Earhart GM. Balance differences in people with Parkinson disease with and without freezing of gait. Gait Posture 2015; 42:306-9. [PMID: 26141905 PMCID: PMC4591177 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freezing of gait (FOG) is a relatively common and remarkably disabling impairment associated with Parkinson disease (PD). Laboratory-based measures indicate that individuals with FOG (PD+FOG) have greater balance deficits than those without FOG (PD-FOG). Whether such differences also can be detected using clinical balance tests has not been investigated. We sought to determine if balance and specific aspects of balance, measured using Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), differs between PD+FOG and PD-FOG. Furthermore, we aimed to determine if time-efficient clinical balance measures (i.e. Mini-BESTest, Berg Balance Scale (BBS)) could detect balance differences between PD+FOG and PD-FOG. METHODS Balance of 78 individuals with PD, grouped as either PD+FOG (n=32) or PD-FOG (n=46), was measured using the BESTest, Mini-BESTest, and BBS. Between-groups comparisons were conducted for these measures and for the six sections of the BESTest using analysis of covariance. A PD composite score was used as a covariate. RESULTS Controlling for motor sign severity, PD duration, and age, PD+FOG had worse balance than PD-FOG when measured using the BESTest (p=0.008, F=7.35) and Mini-BESTest (p=0.002, F=10.37), but not the BBS (p=0.27, F=1.26). BESTest section differences were noted between PD+FOG and PD-FOG for reactive postural responses (p<0.001, F=14.42) and stability in gait (p=0.003, F=9.18). CONCLUSIONS The BESTest and Mini-BESTest, which specifically assessed reactive postural responses and stability in gait, were more likely than the BBS to detect differences in balance between PD+FOG and PD-FOG. Because it is more time efficient to administer, the Mini-BESTest may be the preferred tool for assessing balance deficits associated with FOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Duncan
- Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Program in Physical Therapy,Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Department of Neurology
| | - Abigail L. Leddy
- Rehabilitation Hospital of the Pacific, Department of Physical Therapy
| | | | | | - Terry D. Ellis
- Boston University, Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training
| | - Matthew P. Ford
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy
| | | | - Gammon M. Earhart
- Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Program in Physical Therapy,Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Department of Neurology,Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
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