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Goicoechea L, Torres S, Fàbrega L, Barrios M, Núñez S, Casas J, Fabrias G, García-Ruiz C, Fernández-Checa JC. S-Adenosyl-l-methionine restores brain mitochondrial membrane fluidity and GSH content improving Niemann-Pick type C disease. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103150. [PMID: 38599016 PMCID: PMC11022094 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by impaired motor coordination due to neurological defects and cerebellar dysfunction caused by the accumulation of cholesterol in endolysosomes. Besides the increase in lysosomal cholesterol, mitochondria are also enriched in cholesterol, which leads to decreased membrane fluidity, impaired mitochondrial function and loss of GSH, and has been shown to contribute to the progression of NPC disease. S-Adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) regulates membrane physical properties through the generation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) from phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) methylation and functions as a GSH precursor by providing cysteine in the transsulfuration pathway. However, the role of SAM in NPC disease has not been investigated. Here we report that Npc1-/- mice exhibit decreased brain SAM levels but unchanged S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine content and lower expression of Mat2a. Brain mitochondria from Npc1-/- mice display decreased mitochondrial GSH levels and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis reveal a lower PC/PE ratio in mitochondria, contributing to increased mitochondrial membrane order. In vivo treatment of Npc1-/- mice with SAM restores SAM levels in mitochondria, resulting in increased PC/PE ratio, mitochondrial membrane fluidity and subsequent replenishment of mitochondrial GSH levels. In vivo SAM treatment improves the decline of locomotor activity, increases Purkinje cell survival in the cerebellum and extends the average and maximal life spam of Npc1-/- mice. These findings identify SAM as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of NPC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Goicoechea
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Torres
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Fàbrega
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Barrios
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Núñez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departament de Química Orgànica Biològica, Institut D'Investigacions Químiques I Ambientals de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departament de Química Orgànica Biològica, Institut D'Investigacions Químiques I Ambientals de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - José C Fernández-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain; Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Yin B, Barrionuevo G, Weber SG. Mitochondrial GSH Systems in CA1 Pyramidal Cells and Astrocytes React Differently during Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reperfusion. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:738-748. [PMID: 29172440 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyramidal cells and astrocytes have differential susceptibility to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD-RP). It is known that excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria initiates cell death, while glutathione (GSH) is one of the major defenses against ROS. Although it is known that astrocytes contain a higher concentration of GSH than neurons, and that astrocytes can provide neurons with GSH, we are unaware of a detailed and quantitative examination of the dynamic changes in the mitochondrial GSH system in the two cell types during OGD-RP. Here, we determined mitochondrial membrane potential and the degrees of oxidation of the mitochondrially targeted roGFP-based sensors for hydrogen peroxide (OxDP) and GSH (OxDG). We also developed a method to estimate the mitochondrial GSH (mGSH) concentration in single cells in the CA1 region of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures at several time-points during OGD-RP. We find that mitochondrial membrane potential drops in pyramidal cells during OGD while it is relatively stable in astrocytes. In both types of cell, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreases during RP. During OGD-RP, mitochondrial peroxide levels are the same. Astrocytic mGSH is more than four times higher than pyramidal cell mGSH (3.2 vs 0.7 mM). Astrocytic mGSH is drained from mitochondria during OGD, whereas in pyramidal cells it remains fairly constant. OxDGSH prior to and during OGD is lower (less oxidized) in pyramidal cells than in astrocytes, but the two nearly converge during RP. The larger changes of redox status in the GSH system in pyramidal cells than astrocytes is an upstream sign of the higher mortality of the pyramidal cells after facing an insult. The pattern of [mGSH] changes in the two cell types could be recognized as another mechanism by which astrocytes protect neurons from transient, extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Germán Barrionuevo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen G. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Marí M, Morales A, Colell A, García-Ruiz C, Fernández-Checa JC. Mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation in alcoholic liver disease: Role of ASMase and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Redox Biol 2014; 3:100-8. [PMID: 25453982 PMCID: PMC4297930 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease and a growing health concern in theworld. While the pathogenesis of ALD is poorly characterized key players identified in experimental models and patients, such as perturbations in mitochondrial structure and function, selective loss of antioxidant defense and susceptibility to inflammatory cytokines, contribute to ALD progression. Both oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction compromise essential cellular functions and energy generation and hence are important pathogenic mechanisms of ALD. An important process mediating the mitochondrial disruption induced by alcohol intake is the trafficking of cholesterol to mitochondria, mediated by acid sphingomyelinase-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, which contributes to increased cholesterol synthesis and StARD1upregulation. Mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation not only sensitizes to oxidative stress but it can contribute to the metabolic reprogramming in ALD, manifested by activation of the hypoxia inducible transcription factor 1 and stimulation of glycolysis and lactate secretion. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying alcohol-mediated mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress may lead to the identification of novel treatments for ALD. The present review briefly summarizes current knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to alcohol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cholesterol accumulation and provides insights for potential therapeutic targets in ALD. Alcohol perturbs mitochondria function, which modulates ROS generation and alcohol metabolism. Alcohol stimulates mitochondrial cholesterol (mChol) accumulation. MChol accumulation impairs mitochondrial function and mediates alcohol-induced lipotoxicity. ASMase promotes mitochondrial dysfunction by stimulating mChol loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Marí
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IDIBAPS, Liver Unit-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Morales
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IDIBAPS, Liver Unit-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Colell
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IDIBAPS, Liver Unit-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IDIBAPS, Liver Unit-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose C Fernández-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IDIBAPS, Liver Unit-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Fernandez A, Matias N, Fucho R, Ribas V, Von Montfort C, Nuño N, Baulies A, Martinez L, Tarrats N, Mari M, Colell A, Morales A, Dubuquoy L, Mathurin P, Bataller R, Caballeria J, Elena M, Balsinde J, Kaplowitz N, Garcia-Ruiz C, Fernandez-Checa JC. ASMase is required for chronic alcohol induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial cholesterol loading. J Hepatol 2013; 59:805-13. [PMID: 23707365 PMCID: PMC3779525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) is poorly understood. Here, we examined the role of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) in alcohol induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a key mechanism of ALD. METHODS We examined ER stress, lipogenesis, hyperhomocysteinemia, mitochondrial cholesterol (mChol) trafficking and susceptibility to LPS and concanavalin-A in ASMase(-)(/-) mice fed alcohol. RESULTS Alcohol feeding increased SREBP-1c, DGAT-2, and FAS mRNA in ASMase(+/+) but not in ASMase(-/-) mice. Compared to ASMase(+/+) mice, ASMase(-/-) mice exhibited decreased expression of ER stress markers induced by alcohol, but the level of tunicamycin-mediated upregulation of ER stress markers and steatosis was similar in both types of mice. The increase in homocysteine levels induced by alcohol feeding was comparable in both ASMase(+/+) and ASMase(-/-) mice. Exogenous ASMase, but not neutral SMase, induced ER stress by perturbing ER Ca(2+) homeostasis. Moreover, alcohol-induced mChol loading and StARD1 overexpression were blunted in ASMase(-/-) mice. Tunicamycin upregulated StARD1 expression and this outcome was abrogated by tauroursodeoxycholic acid. Alcohol-induced liver injury and sensitization to LPS and concanavalin-A were prevented in ASMase(-/-) mice. These effects were reproduced in alcohol-fed TNFR1/R2(-/-) mice. Moreover, ASMase does not impair hepatic regeneration following partial hepatectomy. Of relevance, liver samples from patients with alcoholic hepatitis exhibited increased expression of ASMase, StARD1, and ER stress markers. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that ASMase is critical for alcohol-induced ER stress, and provide a rationale for further clinical investigation in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fernandez
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC,Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Matias
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC,Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Fucho
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC,Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Ribas
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC,Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Von Montfort
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC,Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Nuño
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC,Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Baulies
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC,Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Martinez
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC,Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Tarrats
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC,Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Mari
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC,Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Colell
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC,Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Morales
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC,Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Université Lille Nord de France, and Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France; Unité 995, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Université Lille Nord de France, and Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France; Unité 995, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France
| | - Ramón Bataller
- Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Caballeria
- Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jesus Balsinde
- Institut of Molecular Biology and Genetics, CSIC-CIBERDEM, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Neil Kaplowitz
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC,Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain,Carmen Garcia-Ruiz and Jose C Fernandez-Checa share senior authorship. Correspondence addressed to Jose C Fernandez-Checa,
| | - Jose C. Fernandez-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC,Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain,Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033,Carmen Garcia-Ruiz and Jose C Fernandez-Checa share senior authorship. Correspondence addressed to Jose C Fernandez-Checa,
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Abstract
Alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) is a major health concern of alcohol abuse and a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of ALD is multifactorial and still ill characterized. One of the hallmarks of ALD common for both patients and experimental models is the alteration in the architecture and function of mitochondria. Due to their primordial role in energy production, metabolism and cell fate decisions, these changes in mitochondria caused by alcohol are considered an important contributory factor in ALD. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying alcohol-mediated mitochondrial alterations may shed light on ALD pathogenesis and provide novel avenues for treatment. The purpose of the current review is to briefly update the latest developments in ALD research regarding morphological and functional mitochondrial regulation including mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, mitochondrial protein acetylation and evidence for an endoplasmic reticulum stress-mitochondrial cholesterol link of potential relevance for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neil Kaplowitz
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern, California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - José C Fernandez-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain. Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern, California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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