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Panel M, Ruiz I, Brillet R, Lafdil F, Teixeira-Clerc F, Nguyen CT, Calderaro J, Gelin M, Allemand F, Guichou JF, Ghaleh B, Ahmed-Belkacem A, Morin D, Pawlotsky JM. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Cyclophilins Block Opening of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore and Protect Mice From Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:1368-1382. [PMID: 31336123 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury is a complication of liver surgery that involves mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. Cyclophilin D (PPIF or CypD) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase that regulates mPTP opening in the inner mitochondrial membrane. We investigated whether and how recently created small-molecule inhibitors of CypD prevent opening of the mPTP in hepatocytes and the resulting effects in cell models and livers of mice undergoing ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS We measured the activity of 9 small-molecule inhibitors of cyclophilins in an assay of CypD activity. The effects of the small-molecule CypD inhibitors or vehicle on mPTP opening were assessed by measuring mitochondrial swelling and calcium retention in isolated liver mitochondria from C57BL/6J (wild-type) and Ppif-/- (CypD knockout) mice and in primary mouse and human hepatocytes by fluorescence microscopy. We induced ischemia/reperfusion injury in livers of mice given a small-molecule CypD inhibitor or vehicle before and during reperfusion and collected samples of blood and liver for histologic analysis. RESULTS The compounds inhibited peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration values, 0.2-16.2 μmol/L) and, as a result, calcium-induced mitochondrial swelling, by preventing mPTP opening (half maximal inhibitory concentration values, 1.4-132 μmol/L) in a concentration-dependent manner. The most potent inhibitor (C31) bound CypD with high affinity and inhibited swelling in mitochondria from livers of wild-type and Ppif-/- mice (indicating an additional, CypD-independent effect on mPTP opening) and in primary human and mouse hepatocytes. Administration of C31 in mice with ischemia/reperfusion injury before and during reperfusion restored hepatic calcium retention capacity and oxidative phosphorylation parameters and reduced liver damage compared with vehicle. CONCLUSIONS Recently created small-molecule inhibitors of CypD reduced calcium-induced swelling in mitochondria from mouse and human liver tissues. Administration of these compounds to mice during ischemia/reperfusion restored hepatic calcium retention capacity and oxidative phosphorylation parameters and reduced liver damage. These compounds might be developed to protect patients from ischemia/reperfusion injury after liver surgery or for other hepatic or nonhepatic disorders related to abnormal mPTP opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Panel
- INSERM U955, Team 3, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est, UMR S955, DHU A-TVB, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Isaac Ruiz
- INSERM U955, Team Viruses, Hepatology, Cancer, Créteil, France
| | - Rozenn Brillet
- INSERM U955, Team Viruses, Hepatology, Cancer, Créteil, France
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- INSERM U955, Team Viruses, Hepatology, Cancer, Créteil, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | | | - Cong Trung Nguyen
- INSERM U955, Team Viruses, Hepatology, Cancer, Créteil, France; Department of Pathology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- INSERM U955, Team Viruses, Hepatology, Cancer, Créteil, France; Department of Pathology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Muriel Gelin
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fred Allemand
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Guichou
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bijan Ghaleh
- INSERM U955, Team 3, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est, UMR S955, DHU A-TVB, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | | | - Didier Morin
- INSERM U955, Team 3, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est, UMR S955, DHU A-TVB, UPEC, Créteil, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- INSERM U955, Team Viruses, Hepatology, Cancer, Créteil, France; National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and Delta, Department of Virology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.
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