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Garai S, Schaffer PC, Laprairie RB, Janero DR, Pertwee RG, Straiker A, Thakur GA. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological profiling of cannabinoid 1 receptor allosteric modulators: Preclinical efficacy of C2-group GAT211 congeners for reducing intraocular pressure. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 50:116421. [PMID: 34634617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric modulators of cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) show translational promise over orthosteric ligands due to their potential to elicit therapeutic benefit without cannabimimetic side effects. The prototypic 2-phenylindole CB1R allosteric modulator, GAT211 (1), demonstrates preclinical efficacy in various disease models. The limited systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) data at the C2 position of the indole ring within GAT211 invites the opportunity for further modifications to improve GAT211's pharmacological profile while serving to amplify and variegate this library of therapeutically attractive agents. These considerations prompted this focused SAR study in which we substituted the GAT211 C2-phenyl ring with heteroaromatic substituents. The synthesized GAT211 analogs were then evaluated in vitro as CB1R allosteric modulators in cAMP and β-arrestin2 assays with CP55,940 as the orthosteric ligand. Furan and thiophene rings (15c-f and 15m) were the best-tolerated substituents at the C2 position of GAT211 for engagement with human CB1R (hCB1R). The SAR around the novel ligands reported allowed direct experimental characterization of the interaction profile of that pharmacophore with its binding domain in functional, human CB1R, thus offering guidance for accessing subsequent-generation hCB1R allosteric modulators as potential therapeutics. The most potent analog, 15d, markedly promoted orthosteric ligand binding to hCB1R. Pharmacological profiling in the GTPγS and mouse vas deferens assays demonstrated that 15d behaves as a CB1R agonist-positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM), as confirmed electrophysiologically in autoptic neurons. In vivo, 15d was efficacious as a topical agent that significantly reduced intraocular pressure (IOP) in the ocular normotensive murine model of glaucoma. Since elevated IOP is a decisive risk factor for glaucoma and attendant vision loss, our data support the proposition that the 2-phenylindole class of CB1R ago-PAMs has therapeutic potential for glaucoma and other diseases where potentiation of CB1R signaling may be therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Peter C Schaffer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Robert B Laprairie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N2Z4, Canada
| | - David R Janero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Roger G Pertwee
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Alex Straiker
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Ganesh A Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Takahara K, Yamamoto T, Uchida K, Zhu HL, Shibata A, Inai T, Noguchi M, Yotsu-Yamashita M, Teramoto N. Effects of 4,9-anhydrotetrodotoxin on voltage-gated Na + channels of mouse vas deferens myocytes and recombinant Na V1.6 channels. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:489-499. [PMID: 29453527 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Molecular investigations were performed in order to determine the major characteristics of voltage-gated Na+ channel β-subunits in mouse vas deferens. The use of real-time quantitative PCR showed that the expression of Scn1b was significantly higher than that of other β-subunit genes (Scn2b - Scn4b). Immunoreactivity of Scn1b proteins was also detected in the inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle of mouse vas deferens. In whole-cell recordings, the actions of 4,9-anhydroTTX on voltage-gated Na+ current peak amplitude in myocytes (i.e., native INa) were compared with its inhibitory potency on recombinant NaV1.6 channels (expressed in HEK293 cells). A depolarizing rectangular voltage-pulse elicited a fast and transient inward native INa and recombinant NaV1.6 expressed in HEK293 cells (i.e., recombinant INa). The current decay of native INa was similar to the recombinant NaV1.6 current co-expressed with β1-subunits. The current-voltage (I-V) relationships of native INa were similar to those of recombinant NaV1.6 currents co-expressed with β1-subunits. Application of 4,9-anhydroTTX inhibited the peak amplitude of native INa (K i = 510 nM), recombinant INa (K i = 112 nM), and recombinant INa co-expressed with β1-subunits (K i = 92 nM). The half-maximal (Vhalf) activation and inactivation of native INa values were similar to those observed in recombinant INa co-expressed with β1-subunits. These results suggest that β1-subunit proteins are likely to be expressed mainly in the smooth muscle layers of murine vas deferens and that 4,9-anhydroTTX inhibited not only native INa but also recombinant INa and recombinant INa co-expressed with β1-subunits in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Takahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Uchida
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hai-Lei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuichiro Inai
- Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Noguchi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Mari Yotsu-Yamashita
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry of Natural Products, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Teramoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, 849-8501, Japan. .,Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan.
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Erdei AI, Borbély A, Magyar A, Taricska N, Perczel A, Zsíros O, Garab G, Szűcs E, Ötvös F, Zádor F, Balogh M, Al-Khrasani M, Benyhe S. Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of three opioid-nociceptin hybrid peptide ligands reveals substantially differing modes of their actions. Peptides 2018; 99:205-216. [PMID: 29038035 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to design opioid-nociceptin hybrid peptides, three novel bivalent ligands, H-YGGFGGGRYYRIK-NH2, H-YGGFRYYRIK-NH2 and Ac-RYYRIKGGGYGGFL-OH were synthesized and studied by biochemical, pharmacological, biophysical and molecular modelling tools. These chimeric molecules consist of YGGF sequence, a crucial motif in the N-terminus of natural opioid peptides, and Ac-RYYRIK-NH2, which was isolated from a combinatorial peptide library as an antagonist or partial agonist that inhibits the biological activity of the endogenously occurring heptadecapeptide nociceptin. Solution structures for the peptides were studied by analysing their circular dichroism spectra. Receptor binding affinities were measured by equilibrium competition experiments using four highly selective radioligands. G-protein activating properties of the multitarget peptides were estimated in [35S]GTPγS binding tests. The three compounds were also measured in electrically stimulated mouse vas deferens (MVD) bioassay. H-YGGFGGGRYYRIK-NH2 (BA55), carrying N-terminal opioid and C-terminal nociceptin-like sequences interconnected with GGG tripeptide spacer displayed a tendency of having either unordered or β-sheet structures, was moderately potent in MVD and possessed a NOP/KOP receptor preference. A similar peptide without spacer H-YGGFRYYRIK-NH2 (BA62) exhibited the weakest effect in MVD, more α-helical periodicity was present in its structure and it exhibited the most efficacious agonist actions in the G-protein stimulation assays. The third hybrid peptide Ac-RYYRIKGGGYGGFL-OH (BA61) unexpectedly displayed opioid receptor affinities, because the opioid message motif is hidden within the C-terminus. The designed chimeric peptide ligands presented in this study accommodate well into a group of multitarget opioid compounds that include opioid-non-opioid peptide dimer analogues, dual non-peptide dimers and mixed peptide- non-peptide bifunctional ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Erdei
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Adina Borbély
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117, Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary
| | - Anna Magyar
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117, Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary
| | - Nóra Taricska
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - András Perczel
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary; MTA-ELTE Protein Modelling Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117, Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary
| | - Ottó Zsíros
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Edina Szűcs
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Ferenc Ötvös
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zádor
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Mihály Balogh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1445, Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4., Hungary
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1445, Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4., Hungary
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary.
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Kumar K, Goyal R, Mudgal A, Mohan A, Pasha S. YFa and analogs: Investigation of opioid receptors in smooth muscle contraction. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4523-31. [PMID: 22110284 PMCID: PMC3218144 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i40.4523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the pharmacological profile and inhibition of smooth muscle contraction by YFa and its analogs in conjunction with their receptor selectivity.
METHODS: The effects of YFa and its analogs (D-Ala2) YFa, Y (D-Ala2) GFMKKKFMRF amide and Des-Phe-YGGFMKKKFMR amide in guinea pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) motility were studied using an isolated tissue organ bath system, and morphine and DynA (1-13) served as controls. Acetylcholine was used for muscle stimulation. The observations were validated by specific antagonist pretreatment experiments using naloxonazine, naltrindole and norbinaltorphimine norBNI.
RESULTS: YFa did not demonstrate significant inhibition of GPI muscle contraction as compared with morphine (15% vs 62%, P = 0.0002), but moderate inhibition of MVD muscle contraction, indicating the role of κ opioid receptors in the contraction. A moderate inhibition of GPI muscles by (Des-Phe) YFa revealed the role of anti-opiate receptors in the smooth muscle contraction. (D-Ala-2) YFa showed significant inhibition of smooth muscle contraction, indicating the involvement of mainly δ receptors in MVD contraction. These results were supported by specific antagonist pretreatment assays.
CONCLUSION: YFa revealed its side-effect-free analgesic properties with regard to arrest of gastrointestinal transit. The study provides evidences for the involvement of κ and anti-opioid receptors in smooth muscle contraction.
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