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Cao F, Kinthada R, Boehm T, D' Cunha N, Leus IV, Orth C, Zgurskaya HI, Walker JK. Identification and structure-activity relationships for a series of N, N-disubstituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles as potent inhibitors of S. aureus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 89:129301. [PMID: 37094726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
An internal collection of commercial and synthetically derived small molecule compounds was screened against several drug-resistant bacterial pathogens. Compound 1, a known N, N-disubstituted 2-aminobenzothiazole, was found to be a potent inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus and several associated clinically relevant strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus suggesting a possible novel mechanism of inhibition. It failed to show activity in any of the Gram-negative pathogens it was tested in. Evaluation in Escherichia coli BW25113 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, as well as in their respective hyperporinated and efflux pump-deletion mutants revealed that activity in Gram-negative bacteria is diminished because this benzothiazole scaffold is a substrate for bacterial efflux pumps. Several analogs of 1 were synthesized to generate basic structure-activity relationships for the scaffold which highlighted that the N-propyl imidazole moiety was critical for the observed antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cao
- John Cochran Division, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, 63106, United States
| | - Ramakumar Kinthada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States
| | - Terri Boehm
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States
| | - Napoleon D' Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States
| | - Inga V Leus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73072, United States
| | - Cari Orth
- John Cochran Division, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, 63106, United States
| | - Helen I Zgurskaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73072, United States
| | - John K Walker
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States.
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Liu Z, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Wang J, Zhu L, Hu B. Deterministic Effect of pH on Shaping Soil Resistome Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:985-996. [PMID: 36603127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil is recognized as the major reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), harboring the most diverse naturally evolved ARGs on the planet. Multidrug resistance genes are a class of ARGs, and their high prevalence in natural soil ecosystems has recently raised concerns. Since most of these genes express proton motive force (PMF) driven efflux pumps, studying whether soil pH is a determinant for the selection of multidrug efflux pump genes and thus shaping the soil resistome are of great interest. In this study, we collected 108 soils with pH values ranging from 4.37 to 9.69 from multiple ecosystems and profiled the composition of ARGs for metagenomes and metagenome-assembled genomes. We observed the multidrug efflux pump genes enriched in the acidic soil resistome, and their abundances have significant soil pH dependence. This reflects the benefits of high soil proton activity on the multidrug efflux pump genes, especially for the PMF-driven inner membrane transferase. In addition, we preliminary indicate the putative microbial participants in pH shaping the soil resistome by applying ecological analyzing tools such as stepwise regression and random forest model fitting. The decisive influence of proton activity on shaping the resistome is more impactful than any other examined factors, and as the consequence, we revisited the influence of edaphic factors on the soil resistome; i.e., the deterministic selection of resistance mechanisms by edaphic factors could lead to the bottom-up shaping of the ARG composition. Such natural developing mechanisms of the resistome are herein suggested to be considered in assessing human-driven ARG transmissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishu Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baofeng Zhang
- Hangzhou Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baolan Hu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Adhikary A, Biswal S, Chatterjee D, Ghosh AS. A NiCoT family metal transporter of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Rv2856/NicT) behaves as a drug efflux pump that facilitates cross-resistance to antibiotics. Microbiology (Reading) 2022; 168. [PMID: 36282241 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metals often act as a facilitator in the proliferation and persistence of antibiotic resistance. Efflux pumps play key roles in the co-selection of metal and antibiotic resistance. Here, we report the ability of a putative nickel/cobalt transporter (NiCoT family), Rv2856 or NicT of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), to transport metal and antibiotics and identified some key amino acid residues that are important for its function. Ectopic expression of NicT in Escherichia coli CS109 resulted in the increase of intracellular nickel uptake. Additionally, enhanced tolerance towards several antibiotics (norfloxacin, sparfloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and isoniazid) was observed with NicT overexpression in E. coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis. A comparatively lower intracellular accumulation of norfloxacin upon NicT overexpression than that of the cells without NicT indicated the involvement of NicT in an active efflux process. Although expression of NicT did not alter the sensitivity towards kanamycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, apramycin, neomycin and ethambutol, the presence of a sub-inhibitory dose of Ni2+ resulted in the manifestation of low-level tolerance towards these drugs. Further, substitution of four residues (H77I, D82I, H83L and D227I) in the conserved regions of NicT by isoleucine and leucine resulted in reduced to nearly complete loss of the transport function for both metals and antimicrobials. Therefore, the study suggests that nickel transporter Rv2856/NicT may actively export different drugs and the presence of nickel might drive the cross-resistance to some of the antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Adhikary
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal-721302, India
| | - Sarmistha Biswal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal-721302, India
| | - Debasmita Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal-721302, India
| | - Anindya S Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal-721302, India
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Tang S, Yin H, Yu X, Chen S, Lu G, Dang Z. Transcriptome profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa YH reveals mechanisms of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether tolerance and biotransformation. J Hazard Mater 2021; 403:124038. [PMID: 33265052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic degradation of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa YH (P. aeruginosa YH) were investigated in this study. BDE-47 degradation was mainly through the biological action of intracellular enzymes, and the metabolites included debrominated metabolites (BDE-28 and BDE-7), hydroxylated metabolites (6-OH-BDE-47, 5-OH-BDE-47, 2'-OH-BDE-28 and 4'-OH-BDE-17), and brominated phenols (2,4-DBP and 4-BP). P. aeruginosa YH also exhibited exceptional ability to degrade intermediates, and the degradation rates of 50 μg/L BDE-28, BDE-7, and 2,4-DBP were 68.4%, 82.3% and 92.7% on the 5th day, separately. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that 991 genes were up-regulated, and 923 genes were down-regulated in P. aeruginosa YH after exposure to 0.5 mg/L BDE-47 (FDR ≤ 0.001, |log2Ratio| ≥ 1). The differentially expressed genes were related to transport, metabolism and stress response. Harf inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BDE-47 decreased from 167.5 mg/L to 68.4 mg/L when multidrug efflux pump was inactivated by 20 mg/L andrographolide, indicating that it helped the bacterial tolerance against BDE-47. Moreover, efflux pump inhibition would accelerate the adsorption of BDE-47. The adsorption rate obtained equilibrium at approximately 70% in 2 days, while 5 days in the control group. Degradation efficiency of 2 mg/L BDE-47 decreased from 26.8% to 13.9% when multidrug efflux was suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Shuona Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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Girijan SK, Paul R, V J RK, Pillai D. Investigating the impact of hospital antibiotic usage on aquatic environment and aquaculture systems: A molecular study of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli. Sci Total Environ 2020; 748:141538. [PMID: 32805571 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Quinolones are one of the most important classes of antibacterials available for the treatment of infectious diseases in humans. However, there is a growing concern about bacterial resistance to antimicrobials including quinolones. The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the aquatic environment has been recognized as a growing threat to public health and hospitals appear to be a major contributor to this. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli from selected water bodies receiving direct hospital effluents in Kerala, India. Standard disc diffusion and E-test were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. As antibiotic resistance can develop in bacterial isolates by different means, EtBr Agar Cartwheel method was used to detect the efflux pump activity and presence of resistant genes was detected by PCR. The mechanism of transfer of plasmid mediated resistance was confirmed by conjugation experiments. A total of 209 multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli were isolated from different hospital effluent discharge sites and aquaculture farms located in their vicinity. Among them, qnrB was found to be most prevalent followed by qnrS, OqxAB, qnrA and aac (6')-Ib-cr. The results suggested that the antibiotics present at sub-inhibitory concentrations in direct hospital effluents increases the selection pressure impacting the cell function of even normal microorganisms in the aquatic environment to change the genetic expression of virulence factors or acquire resistance genes by different transfer mechanisms, posing a serious threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kalasseril Girijan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Robin Paul
- State Laboratory for Livestock, Marine & Agri Products (SLMAP), Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Kerala, India
| | - Rejish Kumar V J
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India; Department of Aquaculture, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Devika Pillai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India.
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Yewale PP, Lokhande KB, Sridhar A, Vaishnav M, Khan FA, Mandal A, Swamy KV, Jass J, Nawani N. Molecular profiling of multidrug-resistant river water isolates: insights into resistance mechanism and potential inhibitors. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:27279-27292. [PMID: 31236860 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polluted waters are an important reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes and multidrug-resistant bacteria. This report describes the microbial community, antibiotic resistance genes, and the genetic profile of extended spectrum β-lactamase strains isolated from rivers at, Pune, India. ESBL-producing bacteria isolated from diverse river water catchments running through Pune City were characterized for their antibiotic resistance. The microbial community and types of genes which confer antibiotic resistance were identified followed by the isolation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on selective media and their genome analysis. Four representative isolates were sequenced using next generation sequencing for genomic analysis. They were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and two isolates were Enterobacter cloacae. The genes associated with the multidrug efflux pumps, such as tolC, macA, macB, adeL, and rosB, were detected in the isolates. As MacAB-TolC is an ABC type efflux pump responsible for conferring resistance in bacteria to several antibiotics, potential efflux pump inhibitors were identified by molecular docking. The homology model of their MacB protein with that from Escherichia coli K12 demonstrated structural changes in different motifs of MacB. Molecular docking of reported efflux pump inhibitors revealed the highest binding affinity of compound MC207-110 against MacB. It also details the potential efflux pump inhibitors that can serve as possible drug targets in drug development and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Prabhakar Yewale
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, 411 033, India
| | - Kiran Bharat Lokhande
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, 411 033, India
| | - Aishwarya Sridhar
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, 411 033, India
| | - Monika Vaishnav
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, 411 033, India
| | - Faisal Ahmad Khan
- The Life Science Centre-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 705 10, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Abul Mandal
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Biosciences, University of Skӧvde, Skӧvde, Sweden
| | - Kakumani Venkateswara Swamy
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, 411 033, India
| | - Jana Jass
- The Life Science Centre-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 705 10, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Neelu Nawani
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, 411 033, India.
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Li J, Zhang H, Ning J, Sajid A, Cheng G, Yuan Z, Hao H. The nature and epidemiology of OqxAB, a multidrug efflux pump. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:44. [PMID: 30834112 PMCID: PMC6387526 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background OqxAB efflux pump has been found to mediate multidrug resistance (MDR) in various bacteria over the past decades. The updates on the nature and epidemiology of OqxAB efflux pump need to be fully reviewed to broaden our understanding of this MDR determinant. Methods A literature search using the keyword of "oqxAB" was conducted in the online databases of Pubmed and ISI Web of Science with no restriction on the date of publication. The 87 publications were included into this review as references due to their close relevance to the nature and/or epidemiology of OqxAB efflux pump. Results The oqxAB gene generally locates on chromosome and/or plasmids flanked by IS26-like elements in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Klebsiella pneumoniae, conferring low to intermediated resistance to quinoxalines, quinolones tigecycline, nitrofurantoin, several detergents and disinfectants (benzalkonium chloride, triclosan and SDS). It could co-spread with other antimicrobial resistance genes (bla CTX-M, rmtB and aac(6')-Ib etc.), virulence genes and heavy metal resistance genes (pco and sil operons). Both RarA (activator) and OqxR (repressor) play important roles on regulation of the expression of OqxAB. Conclusions The dissemination of oqxAB gene may pose a great risk on food safety and public health. Further investigation and understanding of the natural functions, horizontal transfer, and regulation mechanism of the OqxAB efflux pump will aid in future strategies of antimicrobial usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- 1National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and Key Laboratory of the Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China.,2Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
| | - Heying Zhang
- 1National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and Key Laboratory of the Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Jianan Ning
- 1National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and Key Laboratory of the Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Abdul Sajid
- 1National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and Key Laboratory of the Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China.,4College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP Pakistan
| | - Guyue Cheng
- 3Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, P.R China, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- 1National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and Key Laboratory of the Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China.,3Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, P.R China, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Haihong Hao
- 1National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and Key Laboratory of the Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China.,3Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, P.R China, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
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Liu B, Wu H, Zhai Y, He Z, Sun H, Cai T, He D, Liu J, Wang S, Pan Y, Yuan L, Hu G. Prevalence and molecular characterization of oqxAB in clinical Escherichia coli isolates from companion animals and humans in Henan Province, China. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:18. [PMID: 29435265 PMCID: PMC5797404 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The plasmid-encoded multidrug efflux pump oqxAB confers bacterial resistance primarily to olaquindox, quinolones, and chloramphenicol. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of oqxAB among Escherichia coli isolates from dogs, cats, and humans in Henan, China and the susceptibilities of E. coli isolates to common antibiotics. Methods From 2012 to 2014, a total of 600 samples which included 400 rectal samples and 200 clinical human specimens were tested for the presence of E. coli. All isolates were screened for oqxAB genes by PCR and sequencing. The MICs of 11 antimicrobial agents were determined by the broth microdilution method. A total of 30 representative oqxAB-positive isolates were subjected to ERIC-PCR and MLST. Additionally, conjugation experiments and southern hybridizations were performed. Results Of 270 isolates, 58.5% (62/106) of the isolates from dogs, 56.25% (36/64) of the isolates from cats, and 42.0% (42/100) of the isolates from humans were positive for the oqxAB. Olaquindox resistance was found for 85.7%-100% of oqxAB-positive isolates. Of oqxAB-positive isolates from dogs, cats, and humans, ciprofloxacin resistance was inspected for 85.8%, 59.1%, and 93.8%, respectively. Several oqxAB-positive isolates were demonstrated by ERIC-PCR and MLST, and have high similarity. Phylogenetic analysis showed that oqxAB-positive isolates could be divided into 7 major clusters. OqxAB-positive conjugants were obtained, southern hybridization verified that the oqxAB gene complex was primarily located on plasmids. Conclusion In conclusion, oqxAB-positive isolates were widespread in animals and humans in Henan, China. Carriage of oqxAB on plasmids of E. coli isolates may facilitate the emergence of multidrug resistant and its transmission via horizontal transfer, and might pose a potential threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguang Liu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Hua Wu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Yajun Zhai
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Zhipei He
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Huarun Sun
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Tian Cai
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Dandan He
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Shanmei Wang
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Yushan Pan
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Li Yuan
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Gongzheng Hu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
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Abstract
Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps belong to a class of membrane transporter proteins that dedicate to the extrusion of a diverse range of substances out of cells including all classes of currently available antibiotics. They constitute an important mechanism of bacterial antibiotic and multidrug resistance. Since many ecological niches of bacteria and the infection foci in animal host display low oxygen tension under which condition bacterial pathogens undergo fundamental changes on their metabolic modes, it is necessary to study the expression profiles of drug efflux pumps under these physiologically and clinically relevant conditions. In this chapter, we first introduce procedures to culture bacteria under anaerobic conditions, which is achieved using screw-capped Pyrex culture tubes without agitation. We then introduce β-galactosidase activity assay using promoter-lacZ (encoding the β-galactosidase enzyme) fusion to measure the expression of efflux pumps at transcriptional level, and Western blot using chromosomal FLAG-tagged construct to examine the expression of these proteins at translational level. Applications of these gene expression studies to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of efflux genes expression as well as their physiological functions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ziqing Deng
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Danny Ka Chun Fung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aixin Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan.
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Vera-Leiva A, Carrasco-Anabalón S, Lima CA, Villagra N, Domínguez M, Bello-Toledo H, González-Rocha G. The efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN) increases resistance to carbapenems in Chilean clinical isolates of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 12:73-6. [PMID: 29275225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES KPC-producing strains present a wide range of carbapenem minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). This variation may be due to differential expression of blaKPC and porin genes, efflux pump activity and the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and/or AmpC β-lactamases. The aim of this study was to determine the role of efflux pumps inhibited by phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN) in resistance to carbapenems in Chilean clinical isolates of blaKPC-harbouring Klebsiella pneumoniae. METHODS MICs were determined by the agar dilution method for imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem and ciprofloxacin in the presence and absence of PAβN (25mg/L) in 17 carbapenem-resistant KPC-producing K. pneumoniae strains. Outer protein membrane (OMP) profiles were determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Expression levels of the ompK35 and ompK36 genes were also determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS No contribution of PAβN-inhibited efflux pumps to carbapenem resistance was found, unlike ciprofloxacin resistance. However, a ≥4-fold increase in the MIC of at least one carbapenem was observed in 13 isolates in the presence of PAβN. Additionally, decreased gene expression of ompK35 and ompK36 in the presence of PAβN was detected, however no obvious differences in porin band intensity were observed by SDS-PAGE. CONCLUSIONS The presence of PAβN resulted in an increase in carbapenem MICs unrelated to efflux pump inhibition, and a decrease in the expression of ompK35 and ompK36 genes without an obvious difference in OMP profiles observed by SDS-PAGE. Therefore, additional factors are responsible for the increase in carbapenem MIC in the presence of PAβN.
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Bruns MM, Kakarla P, Floyd JT, Mukherjee MM, Ponce RC, Garcia JA, Ranaweera I, Sanford LM, Hernandez AJ, Willmon TM, Tolson GL, Varela MF. Modulation of the multidrug efflux pump EmrD-3 from Vibrio cholerae by Allium sativum extract and the bioactive agent allyl sulfide plus synergistic enhancement of antimicrobial susceptibility by A. sativum extract. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:1103-1112. [PMID: 28432381 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The causative agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae, is a public health concern. Multidrug-resistant V. cholerae variants may reduce chemotherapeutic efficacies of severe cholera. We previously reported that the multidrug efflux pump EmrD-3 from V. cholerae confers resistance to multiple structurally distinct antimicrobials. Medicinal plant compounds are potential candidates for EmrD-3 efflux pump modulation. The antibacterial activities of garlic Allium sativum, although poorly understood, predicts that a main bioactive component, allyl sulfide, modulates EmrD-3 efflux. Thus, we tested whether A. sativum extract acts in synergy with antimicrobials and that a main bioactive component allyl sulfide inhibits EmrD-3 efflux. We found that A. sativum extract and allyl sulfide inhibited ethidium bromide efflux in cells harboring EmrD-3 and that A. sativum lowered the MICs of multiple antibacterials. We conclude that A. sativum and allyl sulfide inhibit EmrD-3 and that A. sativum extract synergistically enhances antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merissa M Bruns
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Prathusha Kakarla
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Jared T Floyd
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Mun Mun Mukherjee
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Robert C Ponce
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - John A Garcia
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Indrika Ranaweera
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Leslie M Sanford
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Alberto J Hernandez
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - T Mark Willmon
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Grace L Tolson
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Manuel F Varela
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, 88130, USA.
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12
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Abstract
The structure determination of integral membrane protein (IMP) in lipid environment is particularly challenging. Among emerging methods for exchanging detergent required for IMP purification by original compounds, the use of lipid nanodisc preserves a lipid environment. Compared with the classical method of proteoliposome formation, the nanodisc technology provides a better control of IMP molecules inserted in lipid membrane, therefore giving access to structural methodologies developed for soluble proteins. Here, we present the reconstitution of OprM membrane protein into nanodisc associated with a step of size-exclusion chromatography, an approach applicable to prepare IMPs for subsequent visualization by single-particle electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Daury
- CBMN UMR-CNRS 5248, University of Bordeaux, 14 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Taveau
- CBMN UMR-CNRS 5248, University of Bordeaux, 14 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Dimitri Salvador
- CBMN UMR-CNRS 5248, University of Bordeaux, 14 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Marie Glavier
- CBMN UMR-CNRS 5248, University of Bordeaux, 14 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Olivier Lambert
- CBMN UMR-CNRS 5248, University of Bordeaux, 14 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600, Pessac, France.
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13
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Chai Q, Webb SR, Wang Z, Dutch RE, Wei Y. Study of the degradation of a multidrug transporter using a non-radioactive pulse chase method. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7745-51. [PMID: 27549795 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are constantly synthesized and degraded in living cells during their growth and division, often in response to metabolic and environmental conditions. The synthesis and breakdown of proteins under different conditions reveal information about their mechanism of function. The metabolic incorporation of non-natural amino acid azidohomoalanine (AHA) and subsequent labeling via click chemistry emerged as a non-radioactive strategy useful in the determination of protein kinetics and turnover. We used the method to monitor the degradation of two proteins involved in the multidrug efflux in Escherichia coli, the inner membrane transporter AcrB and its functional partner membrane fusion protein AcrA. Together they form a functional complex with an outer membrane channel TolC to actively transport various small molecule compounds out of E. coli cells. We found that both AcrA and AcrB lasted for approximately 6 days in live E. coli cells, and the stability of AcrB depended on the presence of AcrA but not on active efflux. These results lead to new insight into the multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria conferred by efflux.
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14
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Jeong H, Kim JS, Song S, Shigematsu H, Yokoyama T, Hyun J, Ha NC. Pseudoatomic Structure of the Tripartite Multidrug Efflux Pump AcrAB-TolC Reveals the Intermeshing Cogwheel-like Interaction between AcrA and TolC. Structure 2016; 24:272-6. [PMID: 26777412 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The resistance-nodulation-division type tripartite pump AcrAB-TolC and its homologs are responsible for multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria by expelling a wide variety of toxic substrates. The three essential components, AcrA, AcrB, and TolC, must function in concert with each respective binding partner within the complex. In this study, we report an 8.2-Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) 3D reconstruction of the complex that consists of an AcrAB fusion protein and a chimeric TolC protein. The pseudoatomic structure derived from the cryo-EM reconstruction clearly demonstrates a model only compatible with the adaptor bridging mechanism, wherein the funnel-like AcrA hexamer forms an intermeshing cogwheel-like interaction with the α-barrel tip region of TolC. These observations provide a structural milestone for understanding multidrug resistance in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, and may also lead to the design of new antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongseop Jeong
- Nano-Bio Electron Microscopy Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sik Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Saemee Song
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Hideki Shigematsu
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoyama
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jaekyung Hyun
- Nano-Bio Electron Microscopy Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam-Chul Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
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15
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García-León G, Ruiz de Alegría Puig C, García de la Fuente C, Martínez-Martínez L, Martínez JL, Sánchez MB. High-level quinolone resistance is associated with the overexpression of smeVWX in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:464-7. [PMID: 25753190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is the only known bacterium in which quinolone-resistant isolates do not present mutations in the genes encoding bacterial topoisomerases. The expression of the intrinsic quinolone resistance elements smeDEF, smeVWX and Smqnr was analysed in 31 clinical S. maltophilia isolates presenting a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range to ciprofloxacin between 0.5 and > 32 μg/mL; 11 (35.5%) overexpressed smeDEF, 2 (6.5%) presenting the highest quinolone MICs overexpressed smeVWX and 1 (3.2%) overexpressed Smqnr. Both strains overexpressing smeVWX presented changes at the Gly266 position of SmeRv, the repressor of smeVWX. Changes at the same position were previously observed in in vitro selected S. maltophilia quinolone-resistant mutants, indicating this amino acid is highly relevant for the activity of SmeRv in repressing smeVWX expression. For the first time SmeVWX overexpression is associated with quinolone resistance of S. maltophilia clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G García-León
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Ruiz de Alegría Puig
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, Santander, Spain
| | - C García de la Fuente
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, Santander, Spain
| | - L Martínez-Martínez
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, Santander, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Cantabria, Cardenal Herrera Oria, s/n, Santander, Spain
| | - J L Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M B Sánchez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effect of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) on multidrug resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).
METHODS: H. pylori strains were isolated and cultured on Brucella agar plates with 10% sheep’s blood. The multidrug resistant (MDR) H. pylori were obtained with the inducer chloramphenicol by repeated doubling of the concentration until no colony was seen, then the susceptibilities of the MDR strains and their parents to 9 antibiotics were assessed with agar dilution tests. The present study included periods before and after the advent of the EPIs, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), reserpine and pantoprazole), and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined accordingly. In the same way, the effects of 5 proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), used in treatment of H. pylori infection, on MICs of antibiotics were evaluated.
RESULTS: Four strains of MDR H. pylori were induced successfully, and the antibiotic susceptibilities of MDR strains were partly restored by CCCP and pantoprazole, but there was little effect of reserpine. Rabeprazole was the most effective of the 5 PPIs which could decrease the MICs of antibiotics for MDR H. pylori significantly.
CONCLUSION: In vitro, some EPIs can strengthen the activities of different antibiotics which are the putative substrates of the efflux pump system in H. pylori.
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