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Ruffo P, De Amicis F, La Bella V, Conforti FL. Investigating Repeat Expansions in NIPA1, NOP56, and NOTCH2NLC Genes: A Closer Look at Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients from Southern Italy. Cells 2024; 13:677. [PMID: 38667292 PMCID: PMC11049433 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of hexanucleotide repeats expansion (RE) in Chromosome 9 Open Reading frame 72 (C9orf72) as the major genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the association between intermediate repeats in Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) with the disorder suggest that repetitive sequences in the human genome play a significant role in ALS pathophysiology. Investigating the frequency of repeat expansions in ALS in different populations and ethnic groups is therefore of great importance. Based on these premises, this study aimed to define the frequency of REs in the NIPA1, NOP56, and NOTCH2NLC genes and the possible associations between phenotypes and the size of REs in the Italian population. Using repeat-primed-PCR and PCR-fragment analyses, we screened 302 El-Escorial-diagnosed ALS patients and compared the RE distribution to 167 age-, gender-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls. While the REs distribution was similar between the ALS and control groups, a moderate association was observed between longer RE lengths and clinical features such as age at onset, gender, site of onset, and family history. In conclusion, this is the first study to screen ALS patients from southern Italy for REs in NIPA1, NOP56, and NOTCH2NLC genes, contributing to our understanding of ALS genetics. Our results highlighted that the extremely rare pathogenic REs in these genes do not allow an association with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ruffo
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo La Bella
- ALS Clinical Research Centre and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
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Nagy ZF, Pál M, Engelhardt JI, Molnár MJ, Klivényi P, Széll M. Beyond C9orf72: repeat expansions and copy number variations as risk factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis across various populations. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:30. [PMID: 38254109 PMCID: PMC10804878 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by the loss of both upper and lower motor neurons in the central nervous system. In a significant fraction of ALS cases - irrespective of family history- a genetic background may be identified. The genetic background of ALS shows a high variability from one ethnicity to another. The most frequent genetic cause of ALS is the repeat expansion of the C9orf72 gene. With the emergence of next-generation sequencing techniques and copy number alteration calling tools the focus in ALS genetics has shifted from disease causing genes and mutations towards genetic susceptibility and risk factors.In this review we aimed to summarize the most widely recognized and studied ALS linked repeat expansions and copy number variations other than the hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene. We compare and contrast their involvement and phenotype modifying roles in ALS among different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Flóra Nagy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Margit Pál
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN - SZTE Functional Clinical Genetics Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Mária Judit Molnár
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SE Multiomics Neurodegeneration Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márta Széll
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN - SZTE Functional Clinical Genetics Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
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Jiang M, Song Y, Ren MX, He RC, Dong XH, Li XH, Lu ZF, Li S, Wu J, Bei YR, Liu F, Long Y, Wu SG, Liu XH, Wu LM, Yang HL, McVey DG, Dai XY, Ye S, Hu YW. LncRNA NIPA1-SO confers atherosclerotic protection by suppressing the transmembrane protein NIPA1. J Adv Res 2023; 54:29-42. [PMID: 36736696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important players in gene regulation and cardiovascular diseases. However, the roles of lncRNAs in atherosclerosis are poorly understood. In the present study, we found that the levels of NIPA1-SO were decreased while those of NIPA1 were increased in human atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, NIPA1-SO negatively regulated NIPA1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Mechanistically, NIPA1-SO interacted with the transcription factor FUBP1 and the NIPA1 gene. The effect of NIPA1-SO on NIPA1 protein levels was reversed by the knockdown of FUBP1. NIPA1-SO overexpression increased, whilst NIPA1-SO knockdown decreased BMPR2 levels; these effects were enhanced by the knockdown of NIPA1. The overexpression of NIPA1-SO reduced while NIPA1-SO knockdown increased monocyte adhesion to HUVECs; these effects were diminished by the knockdown of BMPR2. The lentivirus-mediated-overexpression of NIPA1-SO or gene-targeted knockout of NIPA1 in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice reduced monocyte-endothelium adhesion and atherosclerotic lesion formation. Collectively, these findings revealed a novel anti-atherosclerotic role for the lncRNA NIPA1-SO and highlighted its inhibitory effects on vascular inflammation and intracellular cholesterol accumulation by binding to FUBP1 and consequently repressing NIPA1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Mei-Xia Ren
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Run-Chao He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Xian-Hui Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Xue-Heng Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Lu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Yan-Rou Bei
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Shao-Guo Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Xue-Hui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Li-Mei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - David G McVey
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences & NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Xiao-Yan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China.
| | - Shu Ye
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510620, China; Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Butler MG, Cowen N, Bhatnagar A. Prader-Willi syndrome, deletion subtypes, and magnesium: Potential impact on clinical findings. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:3278-3286. [PMID: 36190479 PMCID: PMC9548494 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome is a complex neurodevelopmental genetic imprinting disorder with severe congenital hypotonia, failure to thrive with learning and behavioral problems, and hyperphagia with obesity developing in early childhood. Those with the typical 15q11-q13 Type I deletion compared with the smaller Type II deletion have more severe neurobehavioral problems and differ by the absence of four genes in the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 region. Two of the genes encode magnesium transporters supporting brain and neurological function and we report on magnesium levels in the two deletion groups of PWS participants. We measured baseline plasma magnesium and analyzed data from a PWS cohort with and without the Type I or Type II deletion. Significantly lower plasma magnesium levels were found in PWS participants with the larger Type I deletion and more so with females with Type I deletion compared with females having the Type II deletion, although magnesium levels remained within normal range in both subgroups. Those with PWS and the larger 15q11-q13 Type I deletion were more clinically affected than those with the smaller Type II deletion. Two of the four genes missing in those with the larger deletion code for magnesium transporters and may impact magnesium levels. Our study showed lower magnesium levels in those with the larger deletion which could contribute to neurobehavioral differences seen in the two separate 15q11-q13 deletion subtypes and in addition affect both glucose and insulin metabolism impacting comorbidities but will require more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin G Butler
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Neil Cowen
- Soleno Therapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, California, USA
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Fu J, Ma M, Li G, Zhang J. Clinical and Genetic Features of Chinese Patients With NIPA1-Related Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 6. Front Genet 2022; 13:859688. [PMID: 35464835 PMCID: PMC9024055 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.859688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mutations in the NIPA1 gene cause hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) type 6 (SPG6), which is a rare type of HSP with a frequency of less than 1% in Europe. To date, less than 30 SPG6 families and limited NIPA1 mutations have been reported in different ethnic regions. The clinical features are variable. Methods: We screened for NIPA1 mutations by whole exome sequencing or next generation sequencing in 35 unrelated Chinese families with HSP. The clinical manifestations were evaluated. Results: Two variants of NIPA1 were identified in three index patients (3/35, 8.6%), two of whom carried a previously reported common variant c.316G > A (p.G106R), and the third patient harbored a novel likely pathogenic variant c.126C > G (p.N42K). Both variants were de novo in the three index patients. The phenotype was pure HSP in two patients and complicated HSP with epilepsy in the third one. Conclusion:NIPA1-related HSP is more common in China than it in Europe. Both pure and complicated form of HSP can be found. The variant c.316G > A is a hotspot mutation, and the novel variant c.126C > G expands the mutational spectrum. The phenomenon of de novo mutations in NIPA1 emphasizes the need to consider autosomal dominant HSP-related genes in sporadic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- Department of Neurological Diseases, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingming Ma
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurological Diseases, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Center of Neurological Rare Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Boysen S, Elumalai V, ElSheikh RH, Aravindhan A, Veerapandiyan A. Epilepsy in hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with NIPA1 gene. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 100:212-213. [PMID: 35181192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Boysen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vimala Elumalai
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Reem H ElSheikh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Akilandeswari Aravindhan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aravindhan Veerapandiyan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Spagnoli C, Schiavoni S, Rizzi S, Salerno GG, Frattini D, Koskenvuo J, Fusco C. SPG6 ( NIPA1 variant): A report of a case with early-onset complex hereditary spastic paraplegia and brief literature review. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 94:281-285. [PMID: 34863451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
SPG6, caused by NIPA1 (nonimprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome) gene pathogenic variants, is mainly considered as a pure autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (AD-HSP), even if descriptions of complex cases have also been reported. We detected the common c.316G > A, p.(Gly106Arg) pathogenic de novo substitution in a 10-year-old patient with HSP and drug-resistant eyelid myoclonia with absences. In order to assess the significance of this association, we reviewed the literature to find that 25/110 (23%) SPG6 cases are complex, including a heterogeneous spectrum of comorbidities, in which epilepsy is most represented (10%), but also featuring peripheral neuropathy (5.5%), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (3.6%), memory deficits (3.6%) or cognitive impairment (2.7%), tremor (2.7%) and dystonia (0.9%). From this literature review and our single case experience, two main conclusions can be drawn. First, SPG6 is an AD-HSP with both pure and complex presentation, and frequent occurrence of epilepsy within the spectrum of genetic generalized epilepsies (absences, bilateral tonic-clonic, bilateral tonic-clonic with upper limbs myoclonic seizures and eyelid myoclonia with absences). Second, opposed to previous descriptions, seizures might not always be drug responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Spagnoli
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Schiavoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Susanna Rizzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Grazia Gabriella Salerno
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Daniele Frattini
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Fusco
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurophysiology Laboratory, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Chu FC, Shaw SW, Lee CH, Lo LM, Hsu JJ, Hung TH. Adverse Perinatal and Early Life Outcomes following 15q11.2 CNV Diagnosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1480. [PMID: 34680874 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The copy number variation (CNV) of 15q11.2, an emerging and common condition observed during prenatal counseling, is encompassed by four highly conserved and non-imprinted genes—TUBGCP5, CYFIP1, NIPA1, and NIPA2—which are reportedly related to developmental delays or general behavioral problems. We retrospectively analyzed 1337 samples from genetic amniocentesis for fetal CNV using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis between January 2014 and December 2019. 15q11.2 CNV showed a prevalence of 1.5% (21/1337). Separately, 0.7% was noted for 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 microdeletion and 0.8% for 15q11.2 microduplication. Compared to the normal array group, the 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 microdeletion group had more cases of neonatal intensive care unit transfer, an Apgar score of <7 at 1 min, and neonatal death. Additionally, the group was symptomatic with developmental delays and had more infantile deaths related to congenital heart disease (CHD). Our study makes a novel contribution to the literature by exploring the differences in the adverse perinatal outcomes and early life conditions between the 15q11.2 CNV and normal array groups. Parent-origin gender-based differences may help in the prognosis of the fetal phenotype; development levels should be followed up in the long term and echocardiography should be offered prenatally and postnatally for the prevention of a delayed diagnosis of CHD.
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Rafi SK, Butler MG. The 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Microdeletion ( Burnside-Butler) Syndrome: In Silico Analyses of the Four Coding Genes Reveal Functional Associations with Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093296. [PMID: 32384786 PMCID: PMC7246448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 microdeletion (Burnside–Butler) syndrome is emerging as the most frequent pathogenic copy number variation (CNV) in humans associated with neurodevelopmental disorders with changes in brain morphology, behavior, and cognition. In this study, we explored functions and interactions of the four protein-coding genes in this region, namely NIPA1, NIPA2, CYFIP1, and TUBGCP5, and elucidate their role, in solo and in concert, in the causation of neurodevelopmental disorders. First, we investigated the STRING protein-protein interactions encompassing all four genes and ascertained their predicted Gene Ontology (GO) functions, such as biological processes involved in their interactions, pathways and molecular functions. These include magnesium ion transport molecular function, regulation of axonogenesis and axon extension, regulation and production of bone morphogenetic protein and regulation of cellular growth and development. We gathered a list of significantly associated cardinal maladies for each gene from searchable genomic disease websites, namely MalaCards.org: HGMD, OMIM, ClinVar, GTR, Orphanet, DISEASES, Novoseek, and GeneCards.org. Through tabulations of such disease data, we ascertained the cardinal disease association of each gene, as well as their expanded putative disease associations. This enabled further tabulation of disease data to ascertain the role of each gene in the top ten overlapping significant neurodevelopmental disorders among the disease association data sets: (1) Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS); (2) Angelman Syndrome (AS); (3) 15q11.2 Deletion Syndrome with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder & Learning Disability; (4) Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); (5) Schizophrenia; (6) Epilepsy; (7) Down Syndrome; (8) Microcephaly; (9) Developmental Disorder, and (10) Peripheral Nervous System Disease. The cardinal disease associations for each of the four contiguous 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 genes are NIPA1- Spastic Paraplegia 6; NIPA2—Angelman Syndrome and Prader–Willi Syndrome; CYFIP1—Fragile X Syndrome and Autism; TUBGCP5—Prader–Willi Syndrome. The four genes are individually associated with PWS, ASD, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and Down syndrome. Except for TUBGCP5, the other three genes are associated with AS. Unlike the other genes, TUBGCP5 is also not associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disability, developmental disorder, or peripheral nervous system disease. CYFIP1 was the only gene not associated with microcephaly but was the only gene associated with developmental disorders. Collectively, all four genes were associated with up to three-fourths of the ten overlapping neurodevelopmental disorders and are deleted in this most prevalent known pathogenic copy number variation now recognized among humans with these clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed K. Rafi
- Correspondence: (S.K.R.); (M.G.B.); Tel.: +816-787-4366 (S.K.R.); +913-588-1800 (M.G.B.)
| | - Merlin G. Butler
- Correspondence: (S.K.R.); (M.G.B.); Tel.: +816-787-4366 (S.K.R.); +913-588-1800 (M.G.B.)
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10
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Butler MG. Magnesium Supplement and the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Microdeletion (Burnside-Butler) Syndrome: A Potential Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2914. [PMID: 31207912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 microdeletion (Burnside–Butler) syndrome is an emerging disorder that encompasses four genes (NIPA1, NIPA2, CYFIP1, and TUBGCP5). When disturbed, these four genes can lead to cognitive impairment, language and/or motor delay, psychiatric/behavioral problems (attention-deficit hyperactivity, autism, dyslexia, schizophrenia/paranoid psychosis), ataxia, seizures, poor coordination, congenital anomalies, and abnormal brain imaging. This microdeletion was reported as the most common cytogenetic finding when using ultra-high- resolution chromosomal microarrays in patients presenting for genetic services due to autism with or without additional clinical features. Additionally, those individuals with Prader–Willi or Angelman syndromes having the larger typical 15q11–q13 type I deletion which includes the 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 region containing the four genes, show higher clinical severity than those having the smaller 15q11–q13 deletion where these four genes are intact. Two of the four genes (i.e., NIPA1 and NIPA2) are expressed in the brain and encode magnesium transporters. Magnesium is required in over 300 enzyme systems that are critical for multiple cellular functions, energy expenditure, protein synthesis, DNA transcription, and muscle and nerve function. Low levels of magnesium are found in those with seizures, depression, and acute or chronic brain diseases. Anecdotally, parents have administered magnesium supplements to their children with the 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 microdeletion and have observed improvement in behavior and clinical presentation. These observations require more attention from the medical community and should include controlled studies to determine if magnesium supplements could be a treatment option for this microdeletion syndrome and also for a subset of individuals with Prader–Willi and Angelman syndromes.
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Chang X, Qu H, Liu Y, Glessner J, Hou C, Wang F, Li J, Sleiman P, Hakonarson H. Microduplications at the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 locus are enriched in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 113:34-38. [PMID: 30878790 PMCID: PMC6486445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microduplication at 15q11.2 have been reported in genetic association studies of schizophrenia and autism. Given the potential overlap in psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia and autism with anorexia nervosa (AN), we were inspired to test the association of this CNV locus with the genetic susceptibility of AN using ParseCNV, a highly quality controlled CNV pipeline developed by our group. The CNV analysis was performed in 1017 AN cases and 7250 controls using the Illumina HumanHap610 SNP arrays data. We uncovered association of the 15q11.2 microduplication with AN with P = 0.00023, while no genetic association between the microdeletion of this region and AN was identified. Among four genes in this region that are not imprinted, NIPA1 has the highest expression in brain and encodes a magnesium transporter protein on early endosomes and the cell surface in neurons. Targeting at Mg2+ uptake mediated by NIPA1 presents an interesting research topic for the explorations of novel therapy for AN and other neurobehavioral diseases, such as schizophrenia and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chang
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Huiqi Qu
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yichuan Liu
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joseph Glessner
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cuiping Hou
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Fengxiang Wang
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jin Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Patrick Sleiman
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Tazelaar GHP, Dekker AM, van Vugt JJFA, van der Spek RA, Westeneng HJ, Kool LJBG, Kenna KP, van Rheenen W, Pulit SL, McLaughlin RL, Sproviero W, Iacoangeli A, Hübers A, Brenner D, Morrison KE, Shaw PJ, Shaw CE, Panadés MP, Mora Pardina JS, Glass JD, Hardiman O, Al-Chalabi A, van Damme P, Robberecht W, Landers JE, Ludolph AC, Weishaupt JH, van den Berg LH, Veldink JH, van Es MA. Association of NIPA1 repeat expansions with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a large international cohort. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 74:234.e9-234.e15. [PMID: 30342764 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NIPA1 (nonimprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 1) mutations are known to cause hereditary spastic paraplegia type 6, a neurodegenerative disease that phenotypically overlaps to some extent with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Previously, a genomewide screen for copy number variants found an association with rare deletions in NIPA1 and ALS, and subsequent genetic analyses revealed that long (or expanded) polyalanine repeats in NIPA1 convey increased ALS susceptibility. We set out to perform a large-scale replication study to further investigate the role of NIPA1 polyalanine expansions with ALS, in which we characterized NIPA1 repeat size in an independent international cohort of 3955 patients with ALS and 2276 unaffected controls and combined our results with previous reports. Meta-analysis on a total of 6245 patients with ALS and 5051 controls showed an overall increased risk of ALS in those with expanded (>8) GCG repeat length (odds ratio = 1.50, p = 3.8×10-5). Together with previous reports, these findings provide evidence for an association of an expanded polyalanine repeat in NIPA1 and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs H P Tazelaar
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annelot M Dekker
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joke J F A van Vugt
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rick A van der Spek
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Westeneng
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lindy J B G Kool
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin P Kenna
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara L Pulit
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Russell L McLaughlin
- Population Genetics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - William Sproviero
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute and United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alfredo Iacoangeli
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - David Brenner
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Monica Povedano Panadés
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Jonathan D Glass
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory ALS Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute and United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philip van Damme
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Robberecht
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael A van Es
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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13
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Dekker AM, Seelen M, van Doormaal PT, van Rheenen W, Bothof RJ, van Riessen T, Brands WJ, van der Kooi AJ, de Visser M, Voermans NC, Pasterkamp RJ, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH, van Es MA. Large-scale screening in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identifies genetic modifiers in C9orf72 repeat carriers. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 39:220.e9-15. [PMID: 26777436 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is considered to be a complex disease with multiple genetic risk factors contributing to the pathogenesis. Identification of genetic risk factors that co-occur frequently could provide relevant insight into underlying mechanisms of motor neuron degeneration. To dissect the genetic architecture of sporadic ALS, we undertook a large sequencing study in 755 apparently sporadic ALS cases and 959 controls, analyzing 10 ALS genes: SOD1, C9orf72, TARDBP, FUS, ANG, CHMP2B, ATXN2, NIPA1, SMN1, and UNC13A. We observed sporadic cases with multiple genetic risk variants in 4.1% compared with 1.3% in controls. The overall difference was not in excess of what is to be expected by chance (binomial test, p = 0.59). We did, however, observe a higher frequency than expected of C9orf72 repeat carriers with co-occurring susceptibility variants (ATXN2, NIPA1, and SMN1; p = 0.001), which is mainly because of the co-occurrence of NIPA1 repeats in 15% of C9orf72 repeat carriers (p = 0.006).
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Cafferkey M, Ahn JW, Flinter F, Ogilvie C. Phenotypic features in patients with 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion: further delineation of an emerging syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1916-22. [PMID: 24715682 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
15q11.2 deletions flanked by BP1 and BP2 of the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome region have recently been linked to a range of neurodevelopment disorders including intellectual disability, speech and language delay, motor delay, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. Array CGH analysis of 14,605 patients referred for diagnostic cytogenetic testing found that 83 patients (0.57%) carried the 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion. Phenotypic frequencies in the deleted cohort (n = 83) were compared with frequencies in the non-deleted cohort (n = 14,522); developmental delay, motor delay, and speech and language delay were all more prevalent in the deleted cohort. Notably, motor delay was significantly more common (OR = 6.37). These data indicate that developmental delay, motor delay, and speech and language delay are common clinical features associated with this deletion, providing substantial evidence to support this CNV as a susceptibility locus for a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiala Cafferkey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College, London, UK
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