1
|
Badmos FO, Muhammad HL, Dabara A, Adefolalu F, Salubuyi S, Abdulkadir A, Oyetunji VT, Apeh DO, Muhammad HK, Mwanza M, Monjerezi M, Matumba L, Makun HA. Assessment of dietary exposure and levels of mycotoxins in sorghum from Niger State of Nigeria. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:74-90. [PMID: 38109413 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2293998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
This study reports levels of mycotoxins in sorghum from Niger State, Nigeria, and provides a comprehensive assessment of their potential health risks by combining mycotoxin levels and dietary exposure assessment. A total of 240 samples of red and white sorghum were collected from both stores and markets across four microclimatic zones. Fungal species were identified using a dilution plate method. Aflatoxins (AFs), deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and ochratoxin (OTA) were quantified using HPLC, whereas cyclopiazonic acid, fumonisins (FUMs) and zearalenone were quantified using ELISA. A. flavus and A. fumigatus were dominant fungal species followed by F. verticilloides, A. oryzae and P. verrucosum. Aflatoxins (mean: 29.97 µg/kg) were detected in all samples, whereas OTA (mean: 37.5 µg/kg) and FUMs (mean: 3269.8 µg/kg) were detected in 72% and 50% of the samples, respectively. Mycotoxins frequently co-occurred in binary mixtures of AFs + OTA and AFs + FUMs. Dietary exposure estimates were highest for FUMs at 230% of TDI and margin of exposures (MOEs) for both AFs and OTA (<10,000) indicating a potential risk associated with combined exposure to AFs and OTA. The Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma cases (HCC/year) attributable to AFs and OTA exposure from sorghum was estimated to be 5.99 × 105 and 0.24 × 105 cases for HBsAg + individuals based on 13.6% HBV incidence. Similarly, the HCC/year for AFs and OTA were assessed to be 3.59 × 105 and 0.14 × 105 at an 8.1% prevalence rate. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate the high prevalence and dietary exposure to mycotoxins through sorghum consumption, raising public health and trade concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Omolola Badmos
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Lami Muhammad
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | - Achi Dabara
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | - Funmilola Adefolalu
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | - Susan Salubuyi
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Abdulkadir
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | - Victor Tope Oyetunji
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Ojochenemi Apeh
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Confluence University of Science and Technology, Osara, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Kudu Muhammad
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | - Mulunda Mwanza
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
- Department of Animal Health, Northwest University, Mafikeng, South Africa
| | - Maurice Monjerezi
- Department of Animal Health, Northwest University, Mafikeng, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Limbikani Matumba
- Centre for Resilient Agri-Food Systems (CRAFS), University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
- Food Technology and Nutrition Group-NRC, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Hussaini Anthony Makun
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Majiya H, Aliyu-Paiko M, Balogu VT, Musa DA, Salihu IM, Kawu AA, Bashir IY, Sani AR, Baba J, Muhammad AT, Jibril FL, Bala E, Obaje NG, Aliyu YB, Muhammad RG, Mohammed H, Gimba UN, Uthman A, Liman HM, Alhaji SA, James JK, Makusidi MM, Isah MD, Abdullahi I, Ndagi U, Waziri B, Bisallah CI, Dadi-Mamud NJ, Ibrahim K, Adamu AK. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Niger State: Pilot Cross-Sectional Study. JMIRx Med 2023; 4:e29587. [PMID: 37855218 PMCID: PMC10595504 DOI: 10.2196/29587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is causing ongoing human and socioeconomic losses. Objective To know how far the virus has spread in Niger State, Nigeria, a pilot study was carried out to determine the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, patterns, dynamics, and risk factors in the state. Methods A cross-sectional study design and clustered, stratified random sampling strategy were used to select 185 test participants across the state. SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM rapid test kits (colloidal gold immunochromatography lateral flow system) were used to determine the presence or absence of antibodies to the virus in the blood of sampled participants across Niger State from June 26 to 30, 2020. The test kits were validated using the blood samples of some of the Nigeria Center for Disease Control-confirmed positive and negative COVID-19 cases in the state. SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM test results were entered into the Epi Info questionnaire administered simultaneously with each test. Epi Info was then used to calculate the arithmetic mean and percentage, odds ratio, χ2 statistic, and regression at a 95% CI of the data generated. Results The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Niger State was found to be 25.4% (47/185) and 2.2% (4/185) for the positive IgG and IgM results, respectively. Seroprevalence among age groups, genders, and occupations varied widely. The COVID-19 asymptomatic rate in the state was found to be 46.8% (22/47). The risk analyses showed that the chances of infection are almost the same for both urban and rural dwellers in the state. However, health care workers, those who experienced flulike symptoms, and those who had contact with a person who traveled out of Nigeria in the last 6 months (February to June 2020) were at double the risk of being infected with the virus. More than half (101/185, 54.6%) of the participants in this study did not practice social distancing at any time since the pandemic started. Participants' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 are also discussed. Conclusions The observed Niger State SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and infection patterns meansuggest that the virus has widely spread, far more SARS-CoV-2 infections have occurred than the reported cases, and there is a high asymptomatic COVID-19 rate across the state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussaini Majiya
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Aliyu-Paiko
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Vincent Tochukwu Balogu
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Dickson Achimugu Musa
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Maikudi Salihu
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Abubakar Kawu
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Computer Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Ishaku Yakubu Bashir
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Geography, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Aishat Rabiu Sani
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - John Baba
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Amina Tako Muhammad
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Mathematics, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Fatimah Ladidi Jibril
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Ezekiel Bala
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Nuhu George Obaje
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Yahaya Badeggi Aliyu
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Mathematics, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Ramatu Gogo Muhammad
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Mohammed
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Usman Naji Gimba
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Abduljelili Uthman
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Muhammad Liman
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Geography, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Ibrahim Abdullahi
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Computer Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Umar Ndagi
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- General Hospital, Minna, Nigeria
- Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida Specialised Hospital, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Bala Waziri
- Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida Specialised Hospital, Minna, Nigeria
| | | | - Naomi John Dadi-Mamud
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Kolo Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Abu Kasim Adamu
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kura Shehu I, Ahmad HB, Kayode Olayemi I, Solomon D, Hassan Ahmad A, Salim H. Insecticide susceptibility status in two medically important mosquito vectors, Anopheles gambiae, and Culex quinquefasciatus to three insecticides commonly used in Niger State, Nigeria. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103524. [PMID: 36660609 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High resistance ability on insecticides among major mosquito vectors of diseases in Nigeria is of growing concern for severe control strategies. The objective of this study was to assess the susceptibility status of females Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus complexes mosquitoes to permethrin (21.5 μg/bottle-pyrethroids), propoxur(12.5 μg/bottle-carbamate) and malathion (50 μg/bottle organophosphate), in Niger State, North-Central, Nigeria. Anopheline and Culecine larvae were collected from the larval habitats of the studied sites (Bosso, Katcha, Lapai, and Shiroro) larvae and pupae were identified guided by standard keys and reared to adults in troughs. Insecticide susceptibility bioassays were performed according to the CDC bottle bioassay standard operating procedures on 3 days old, sugar-fed female Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes. Post-exposure mortality after 24hr and knockdown values for KDT50 were calculated. Knock-down at 1-hour insecticide exposure ranged (84-96 %) permethrin, (94-100 %) propoxur and (100 %) malathion for An. gambiae and (86-97 %) permethrin, (92-100 %) propoxur and (96-100 %) malathion for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Mortality, after 24hr post-exposure was 100 % in malathion, indicating the high effect of the insecticide. Tested samples were found potentially resistant to permethrin recorded against mosquitoes collected from all study sites, in two locations of the study sites to propoxur and one location site to malathion. All the tested mosquitoes were found to be potentially resistant to permethrin, however, mosquitoes tested in Katcha and Shiroro resist potentially to propoxur. Except, Culex quinqufasciatus from Lapai that partially resist malathion, all the tested mosquitoes were found to be susceptible to malathion, across the study sites.
Collapse
|
5
|
Robinson RS, Adams T. Building social accountability to improve reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health in Nigeria. Int J Equity Health 2022; 21:46. [PMID: 35392914 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Like many places in Nigeria, Niger, a predominantly rural and poor state in the north of the country, has high fertility, low contraceptive prevalence, and high maternal mortality. This paper presents a descriptive, contextualized case study of a social accountability campaign run by the nongovernmental organization White Ribbon Alliance Nigeria to strategically mobilize collective action to demand quality maternal health care and improve government responsiveness to those demands. We treat maternal health as a component of reproductive health, while recognizing it as a less contested area. Methods Data come from more than 40 interviews with relevant actors in Niger State in 2017 and 2018 during the initial phase of the campaign, and follow-up interviews with White Ribbon Alliance Nigeria staff in 2019 and 2021. Other data include White Ribbon Alliance Nigeria’s monthly reports. We analyzed these data both deductively and inductively using qualitative techniques. Results During its first phase, the campaign used advocacy techniques to convince the previously reticent state government to engage with citizens, and worked to amplify citizen voice by hosting community dialogues and town halls, training a cadre of citizen journalists, and shoring up ward health development committees. Many of these efforts were unsustainable, however, so during the campaign’s second phase, White Ribbon Alliance Nigeria worked to solidify state commitment to durable accountability structures intended to survive beyond the campaign’s involvement. Key challenges have included a nontransparent state budget release process and the continued need for significant support from White Ribbon Alliance Nigeria. Conclusion These findings reveal the significant time and resource inputs associated with implementing a strategic social accountability campaign, important compromises around the terminology used to describe “accountability,” and the constraints on government responsiveness posed by unrealistic budgeting procedures. The campaign’s contributions towards increased social accountability for maternal health should, however, also benefit accountability for reproductive health, as informed and empowered woman are better prepared to demand health services in any sector.
Collapse
|