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Li Z, Ge J, Yang M, Feng J, Qiao M, Jiang R, Bi J, Zhan G, Xu X, Wang L, Zhou Q, Zhou C, Pan Y, Liu S, Zhang H, Yang J, Zhu B, Hu Y, Hashimoto K, Jia Y, Wang H, Wang R, Liu C, Yang C. Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:916-919. [PMID: 32169498 PMCID: PMC7102670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, more than 79,000 people have been diagnosed with infection of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). A large number of medical staff was sent to Wuhan city and Hubei province to aid COVID-19 control. Psychological stress, especially vicarious traumatization caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, should not be ignored. To address this concern, the study employed a total of 214 general public and 526 nurses (i.e., 234 front-line nurses and 292 non-front-line nurses) to evaluate vicarious traumatization scores via a mobile app-based questionnaire. Front-line nurses are engaged in the process of providing care for patients with COVID-19. The results showed that the vicarious traumatization scores for front-line nurses including scores for physiological and psychological responses, were significantly lower than those of non-front-line nurses (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the vicarious traumatization scores of the general public were significantly higher than those of the front-line nurses (P < 0.001); however, no statistical difference was observed compared to the scores of non-front-line nurses (P > 0.05). Therefore, increased attention should be paid to the psychological problems of the medical staff, especially non-front-line nurses, and general public under the situation of the spread and control of COVID-19. Early strategies that aim to prevent and treat vicarious traumatization in medical staff and general public are extremely necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jingwu Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianping Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Mei Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Riyue Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jiangjiang Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Chenliang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yinbing Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shijiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Haiwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Yimin Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Haofei Wang
- Department of Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Cunming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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