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Cipriano A, Kapil RP, Zhou M, Shet MS, Whiteside GT, Willsie SK, Harris SC. Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Single- and Multiple-Ascending Doses of Sunobinop in Healthy Participants. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024. [PMID: 38476082 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Sunobinop is an investigational, potent, selective partial agonist at the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor in vitro. Three phase 1 studies were conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of escalating single- and multiple-dose administration of sunobinop in healthy participants. Study 1 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending dose study. Study 2 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending dose study. Study 3 was a randomized, open-label, single-dose, 4-way crossover study of oral and sublingual sunobinop comparing morning (AM) and bedtime (PM) administration. Seventy participants were included. Systemic exposure (peak plasma concentration [Cmax ], area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to the time of last quantifiable concentration [AUC0-t ], and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity [AUCinf ]) of sunobinop was characterized by dose proportionality from 0.6 to 2 mg and increased less than proportionally from 3 to 30 mg. The PKs of sunobinop were similar, regardless of AM or PM administration, for both the oral and sublingual formulations. The majority of absorbed sunobinop was excreted unchanged in the urine within 8 hours of dosing, thereby showing rapid elimination with no appreciable accumulation following 14 consecutive days of once-daily dosing and suggesting exclusive renal elimination. Most treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild in severity; 1 severe TEAE occurred and all TEAEs resolved by the end of the studies. Sunobinop was generally well-tolerated and safe across the range of doses evaluated and presents a clinical profile suitable for continued development.
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Wu Q, Liu L. ORL 1 Activation Mediates a Novel ORL 1 Receptor Agonist SCH221510 Analgesia in Neuropathic Pain in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:10-16. [PMID: 30074175 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Opioid receptor like 1 (ORL1) receptor activation displayed an anti-nociceptive effect at spinal level for acute and neuropathic pain. SCH221510, an orally active non-peptide ORL1 agonist, was reported to be effective in treating neuropathic pain. The present study used ORL1 antagonist and siRNA to investigate that ORL1 activation mediates intrathecal SCH221510 analgesia in neuropathic pain induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) to rat sciatic nerve. Paw withdrawal latency and 50% mechanical threshold were measured for thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in rats. CCI significantly decreased paw withdrawal latency and mechanical threshold. SCH221510 (3, 10, 30 μg) or ORL1 antagonist ([Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2, 10 μg) was intrathecally injected to test the behavioral effects on neuropathic pain. Intrathecal siRNA was started on 1 day before CCI surgery and maintained for 7 days. L4-L5 spinal cord ORL1 mRNA and protein were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot. The effect of intrathecal siRNA on SCH2210510 was tested in CCI rats on day 7. Intrathecal SCH221510 dose-dependently reduced thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity induced by CCI. [Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2 blocked SCH221510 analgesia in CCI rats. Intrathecal siRNA blocked ORL1 mRNA and protein increase induced by CCI. Intrathecal ORL1 siRNA did not change thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity induced by nerve injury. Intrathecal siRNA blocked SCH221510 analgesia in neuropathic pain at spinal level. Conclusively, ORL1 activation mediates SCH221510 analgesia in neuropathic pain at spinal level. The results warrant a potential clinically applicable drug in treating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, 56 Jin Hui Da Street, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang First People's Hospital, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
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Zhang L, Drummond E, Brodney MA, Cianfrogna J, Drozda SE, Grimwood S, Vanase-Frawley MA, Villalobos A. Design, synthesis and evaluation of [(3)H]PF-7191, a highly specific nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor radiotracer for in vivo receptor occupancy (RO) studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5219-23. [PMID: 25442316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the identification of (+)-N-(2-((1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-((1R,3r,5S)-6'-fluoro-8-azaspiro[bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,1'-isochroman]-8-yl)propyl)-N-[(3)H]-methylacetamide {[(3)H]PF-7191 [(+)-11]} as a promising radiotracer for the nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor. (+)-11 demonstrated high NOP binding affinity (Ki = 0.1 nM), excellent selectivity over other opioid receptors (>1000×) and good brain permeability in rats (C(b,u)/C(p,u) = 0.29). Subsequent characterization of [(3)H](+)-11 showed a high level of specific binding and a brain bio-distribution pattern consistent with known NOP receptor expression. Furthermore, the in vivo brain binding of [(3)H](+)-11 in rats was inhibited by a selective NOP receptor antagonist in a dose-responsive manner. This overall favorable profile indicated that [(3)H](+)-11 is a robust radiotracer for pre-clinical in vivo receptor occupancy (RO) measurements and a possible substrate for carbon-11 labeling for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in higher species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Elena Drummond
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael A Brodney
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julie Cianfrogna
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Susan E Drozda
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Sarah Grimwood
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Rutten K, Tzschentke TM, Koch T, Schiene K, Christoph T. Pharmacogenomic study of the role of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor and opioid receptors in diabetic hyperalgesia. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:264-71. [PMID: 25169429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Targeting functionally independent receptors may provide synergistic analgesic effects in neuropathic pain. To examine the interdependency between different opioid receptors (µ-opioid peptide [MOP], δ-opioid peptide [DOP] and κ-opioid peptide [KOP]) and the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic polyneuropathy, nocifensive activity was measured using a hot plate test in wild-type and NOP, MOP, DOP and KOP receptor knockout mice in response to the selective receptor agonists Ro65-6570, morphine, SNC-80 and U50488H, or vehicle. Nocifensive activity was similar in non-diabetic wild-type and knockout mice at baseline, before agonist or vehicle administration. STZ-induced diabetes significantly increased heat sensitivity in all mouse strains, but MOP, DOP and KOP receptor knockouts showed a smaller degree of hyperalgesia than wild-type mice and NOP receptor knockouts. For each agonist, a significant antihyperalgesic effect was observed in wild-type diabetic mice (all P<0.05 versus vehicle); the effect was markedly attenuated in diabetic mice lacking the cognate receptor compared with wild-type diabetic mice. Morphine was the only agonist that demonstrated near-full antihyperalgesic efficacy across all non-cognate receptor knockouts. Partial or near-complete reductions in efficacy were observed with Ro65-6570 in DOP and KOP receptor knockouts, with SNC-80 in NOP, MOP and KOP receptor knockouts, and with U50488H in NOP and DOP receptor knockouts. There was no evidence of NOP and MOP receptor interdependency in response to selective agonists for these receptors. These findings suggest that concurrent activation of NOP and MOP receptors, which showed functional independence, may yield an effective and favorable therapeutic analgesic profile.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Hyperalgesia/genetics
- Hyperalgesia/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Nociceptin Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Rutten
- Grünenthal GmbH, Global Preclinical Drug Development, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Zieglerstrasse 6, 52078 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas M Tzschentke
- Grünenthal GmbH, Global Preclinical Drug Development, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Zieglerstrasse 6, 52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Koch
- Grünenthal GmbH, Global Preclinical Drug Development, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Schiene
- Grünenthal GmbH, Global Preclinical Drug Development, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Zieglerstrasse 6, 52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Christoph
- Grünenthal GmbH, Global Preclinical Drug Development, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Zieglerstrasse 6, 52078 Aachen, Germany
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Brunton PJ, Russell JA, Hirst JJ. Allopregnanolone in the brain: protecting pregnancy and birth outcomes. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 113:106-36. [PMID: 24012715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A successful pregnancy requires multiple adaptations in the mother's brain that serve to optimise foetal growth and development, protect the foetus from adverse prenatal programming and prevent premature delivery of the young. Pregnancy hormones induce, organise and maintain many of these adaptations. Steroid hormones play a critical role and of particular importance is the progesterone metabolite and neurosteroid, allopregnanolone. Allopregnanolone is produced in increasing amounts during pregnancy both in the periphery and in the maternal and foetal brain. This review critically examines a role for allopregnanolone in both the maternal and foetal brain during pregnancy and development in protecting pregnancy and birth outcomes, with particular emphasis on its role in relation to stress exposure at this time. Late pregnancy is associated with suppressed stress responses. Thus, we begin by considering what is known about the central mechanisms in the maternal brain, induced by allopregnanolone, that protect the foetus(es) from exposure to harmful levels of maternal glucocorticoids as a result of stress during pregnancy. Next we discuss the central mechanisms that prevent premature secretion of oxytocin and consider a role for allopregnanolone in minimising the risk of preterm birth. Allopregnanolone also plays a key role in the foetal brain, where it promotes development and is neuroprotective. Hence we review the evidence about disruption to neurosteroid production in pregnancy, through prenatal stress or other insults, and the immediate and long-term adverse consequences for the offspring. Finally we address whether progesterone or allopregnanolone treatment can rescue some of these deficits in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Brunton
- Division of Neurobiology, The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| | - John A Russell
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Jonathan J Hirst
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, N.S.W., Australia
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Otsuka A, Doi H, Egawa G, Maekawa A, Fujita T, Nakamizo S, Nakashima C, Nakajima S, Watanabe T, Miyachi Y, Narumiya S, Kabashima K. Possible new therapeutic strategy to regulate atopic dermatitis through upregulating filaggrin expression. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:139-46.e1-10. [PMID: 24055295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsense mutations in filaggrin (FLG) represent a significant genetic factor in the cause of atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE It is of great importance to find drug candidates that upregulate FLG expression and to determine whether increased FLG expression controls the development of AD. METHODS We screened a library of bioactives by using an FLG reporter assay to find candidates that promoted FLG mRNA expression using a human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). We studied the effect of the compound on keratinocytes using the human skin equivalent model. We examined the effect of the compound on AD-like skin inflammation in NC/Nga mice. RESULTS JTC801 promoted FLG mRNA and protein expression in both HaCaT and normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Intriguingly, JTC801 promoted the mRNA and protein expression levels of FLG but not the mRNA levels of other makers for keratinocyte differentiation, including loricrin, keratin 10, and transglutaminase 1, in a human skin equivalent model. In addition, oral administration of JTC801 promoted the protein level of Flg and suppressed the development of AD-like skin inflammation in NC/Nga mice. CONCLUSION This is the first observation that the compound, which increased FLG expression in human and murine keratinocytes, attenuated the development of AD-like skin inflammation in mice. Our findings provide evidence that modulation of FLG expression can be a novel therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Doi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Maekawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujita
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamizo
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chisa Nakashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miyachi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Small KM, Nag S, Mokha SS. Activation of membrane estrogen receptors attenuates opioid receptor-like1 receptor-mediated antinociception via an ERK-dependent non-genomic mechanism. Neuroscience 2013; 255:177-90. [PMID: 24452062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To our knowledge, the present data are the first to demonstrate that activation of membrane estrogen receptors (mERs) abolishes opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) receptor-mediated analgesia via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent non-genomic mechanisms. Estrogen was shown previously to both attenuate ORL1-mediated antinociception and down-regulate the ORL1 gene expression. The present study investigated whether non-genomic mechanisms contribute to estrogen-induced attenuation of ORL1-mediated antinociception by the mERs GPR30, Gq-coupled mER, ERα, and ERβ. E2BSA [β-estradiol-6-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime: bovine serum albumin] (0.5mM), a membrane impermeant analog of estradiol, injected intrathecally immediately prior to orphanin FQ (OFQ;10 nmol), the endogenous ligand for the ORL1 receptor, abolished OFQ's antinociceptive effect in both male and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats, assessed using the heat-induced tail-flick assay. This effect was not altered by protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin (125 μg), given intrathecally 15 min prior to E2BSA and OFQ. Intrathecal application of selective receptor agonists permitted the relative contributions of various estrogen receptors in mediating this blockade of the antinociceptive response of OFQ. Activation of GPR30, Gq-mER, ERα, but not ERβ abolished ORL1-mediated antinociception in males and OVX females. E2BSA produced a parallel and significant increase in the phosphorylation of ERK 2 only in OVX females, and pre-treatment with MEK/ERK 1/2 inhibitor, U0126 (10 μg), blocked the mER-mediated abolition of ORL1-mediated antinociception in OVX females. Taken together, the data are consistent with the interpretations that mER activation attenuates ORL1-mediated antinociception through a non-genomic, ERK 2-dependent mechanism in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Small
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - S Nag
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - S S Mokha
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
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