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Shin SP, Jin CN, Sohn H, Kim J, Lee J. Ortholinea nupchi n. sp. (Myxosporea: Ortholineidae) from the urinary bladder of the cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, South Korea. Parasitol Int 2023; 94:102734. [PMID: 36708802 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A new myxosporean parasite, Ortholinea nupchi n. sp. (Myxozoa; Bivalvulida), was isolated from the urinary bladder of the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus cultured on Jeju Island, Korea. Mature spores were subspherical in the valvular and apical views and ellipsoidal in the sutural view. The spores measured 7.6 ± 0.5 μm in length, 6.7 ± 0.3 μm in thickness, and 7.3 ± 0.5 μm in width. Two pyriform polar capsules measured 3.2 ± 0.1 μm in length and 2.7 ± 0.1 μm in width and were located at the same level at the anterior half of the myxospores. The suture line was straight in the middle of the spores, and the surface ridges ranged between five and seven, forming an intricate pattern. The result of the 18S rDNA comparison showed ≤ 93.0% similarity with other Ortholinea species. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that O. nupchi n. sp. was closest to O. auratae and clustered with oligochaete-infecting myxosporeans (OIM) having urinary system infection tropism. Based on the comparison of environmental and host factors in the phylogenetic groups of the OIM clade, we propose that the infection of O. nupchi n. sp. originated from marine oligochaetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Phil Shin
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Nam Jin
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanchang Sohn
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Liu X, Ren S, Zhongyuan C, Xiping Y, Rui S, Yu J, Li D, Xiang J, Zhang J. Two new species of Bacillidium (Microsporidia) from coelomocytes of Branchiura sowerbyi (Oligochaeta: Naididae) in China. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 192:107785. [PMID: 35671793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacillidium spp. exclusively infect oligochaetes and these microsporidian pathogens are typically characterized by their rod-shaped spores. Seven Bacillidium spp. are presently reported from different organs of oligochaetes. Here, we describe two new Bacillidium species, Bacillidium sinensis n. sp. and Bacillidium branchilis n. sp., from coelomocytes of Branchiura sowerbyi. This is the first report of Bacillidium spp. in oligochaetes from China. Both species of Bacillidium elicit the formations of opaque xenoma-like lesions in coelomocytes of the host. A diplokaryotic nucleus occurs in all life stages of these two new Bacillidium species. Mature spores of B. sinensis are 15.9 ±0.6 (14.7-17.1) μm long (average ± standard error, range, n = 50) and 2.5 ±0.1 (2.3-2.7) μm wide in fresh preparations. A new type of exospore (sixteen-layered exospore) is discovered from B. sinensis n. sp. which is distinctly different from B. branchilis n. sp., and other Bacillidium spp. (double-layered exospore) reported previously. These two Bacillidium species are morphologically distinguished from each other and all Bacillidium spp. described previously in terms of hosts, infection sites, spore size, spore wall or polar filament thickness. BLASTn searches indicated that these two new microsporidian parasites are surprisingly most similar to Janacekia tainanus (94.76% for B. sinensis and 90. 2% for B. branchilis) isolated from the fat body of midge larva (Kiefferulus tainanus). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that the two novel taxons cluster with J. debaisieuxi, J. tainanus, and Bacillidium sp. within the Jirovecia-Bacillidium-Janacekia clade. Other available 18S rRNA gene sequences for microsporidia that infect oligochaetes include J. sinensis, B. vesiculoformis, Neoflabelliforma aurantiae, and Bacillidium sp., but these do not form a single cluster with B. sinensis and B. branchilis, but are instead dispersed through the clade. Based on the ultrastructural features and molecular characteristics, two new species within the genus Bacillidium, B. sinensis n. sp. and B. branchilis n. sp., are designated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shisi Ren
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chen Zhongyuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Immunity Technology of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science
| | - Yuan Xiping
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Song Rui
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Deliang Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianguo Xiang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shangdong Province, 266109, China.
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Ksepka SP, Rash JM, Cai W, Bullard SA. Detection of Myxobolus cerebralis (Bivalvulida: Myxobolidae) in two non-Tubifex tubifex oligochaetes in the southeastern USA. Dis Aquat Organ 2021; 143:51-56. [PMID: 33506815 DOI: 10.3354/dao03554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Myxobolus cerebralis (Hofer, 1903), the etiological agent of salmonid whirling disease, reportedly matures in only the oligochaete 'Tubifex tubifex'. The concept of 'T. tubifex' is problematic because it is renowned as a species complex (or having 'strains'), and many sequences ascribed to this taxon in GenBank are misidentified or indicate several cryptic species. These facts cast doubt on the long-held notion that M. cerebralis is strictly host-specific to the single definitive host, T. tubifex. Herein, as part of an ongoing regional whirling disease monitoring project, oligochaetes (452 specimens) were collected from 31 riverine sites in western North Carolina (August through September 2015) and screened for infection by M. cerebralis. The species-specific nested PCR for M. cerebralis was positive for 8 oligochaete specimens from the French Broad River Basin (Mill Creek and Watauga River) and New River Basin (Big Horse Creek). We individually barcoded these M. cerebralis-positive oligochaete specimens using cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) primers and then conducted a Bayesian inference phylogenetic analysis. We identified 2 oligochaete genotypes: one sister to a clade comprising Limnodrilus udekemianus (Haplotaxida: Naididae) and another sister to Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri. This is the first detection of M. cerebralis from an oligochaete in the SE USA and the first detection of M. cerebralis from an oligochaete other than T. tubifex. These results suggest that other non-T. tubifex definitive hosts can harbor the pathogen and should be considered in the context of fish hatchery biosecurity and monitoring wild trout streams for M. cerebralis and whirling disease in the southeastern USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Ksepka
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Bicho RC, Faustino AMR, Carvalho F, Soares AMVM, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJB. Embryotoxicity of silver nanomaterials (Ag NM300k) in the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus - Functional assay detects Ca channels shutdown. NanoImpact 2021; 21:100300. [PMID: 35559787 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite that silver (Ag) is among the most studied nanomaterials (NM) in environmental species and Ag's embryotoxicity is well known, there are no studies on Ag NMs embryotoxicity in soil invertebrates. Previous Full Life Cycle (FLC) studies in Enchytraeus crypticus, a standard soil invertebrate, showed that Ag materials decreased hatching success, which was confirmed to be a hatching delay effect for silver nitrate (AgNO3) and mortality for Ag NM300K. In the present study, we aimed to investigate if the impact of Ag takes place during the embryonic development, using histology and immunohistochemistry. E. crypticus cocoons were exposed to a range of concentrations of Ag NM300K (0-10-20-60-115 mg Ag/kg) and AgNO3 (0-20-45-60-96 mg Ag/kg) in LUFA 2.2 soil, in an embryotoxicity test, being sampled at days 1, 2, 3 and 6 (3, 4, 5 and 7 days after cocoon laying). Measured endpoints included the number of embryonic structures, expression of transferrin receptor (TfR) and L type calcium channels (LTCC) through histological and immunohistochemistry analysis, respectively. Results confirmed that Ag materials affected the embryonic development, specifically at the blastula stage (day 3). The expression and localization of TfR in E. crypticus was shown in the teloblasts cells, although this transcytosis mechanism was not activated. Ag affected calcium (Ca) metabolism during embryonic development: for AgNO3, LTCC was initially activated, compensating the impact, for Ag NM300K, LTCC was not activated, hence no Ca balance, with irreversible consequences, i.e. terminated embryonic development. An Adverse Outcome Pathway was drafted, integrating the mechanisms here discovered with previous knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Bicho
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Augusto M R Faustino
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carvalho
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Janeck J Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO BOX 314, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Rocha O, Neto AJG, Dos Santos Lima JC, Freitas EC, Miguel M, da Silva Mansano A, Moreira RA, Daam MA. Sensitivities of three tropical indigenous freshwater invertebrates to single and mixture exposures of diuron and carbofuran and their commercial formulations. Ecotoxicology 2018; 27:834-844. [PMID: 29679314 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As compared to their temperate counterparts, few toxicity tests have been conducted so far into the evaluation of the sensitivity of indigenous tropical species to pesticides. Especially mixture toxicity assessments appear to be scarce. To contribute to increase our knowledge in this arena, we evaluated the acute toxicity of diuron and carbofuran and their mixtures to the neotropical oligochaetes Allonais inaequalis and Dero furcatus, and the ostracod Strandesia trispinosa. Tests were performed with both the pure active ingredients, as well as their formulated products. The toxicity of the latter to the three test organisms was generally greater than that of the pure active ingredients, although absolute differences were rather small. The sensitivity of the indigenous species was slightly greater than temperate test species from the same taxonomic groups. The concentration addition conceptual model best described the results of the mixture toxicity data. Derived deviations of this model appeared to be dependent on the test organism and as to whether the pesticides were applied as active ingredients or their commercial products. Reported field concentrations of the two pesticides indicate risks to freshwater biota, especially if they are both present. The test species used in the present study are concluded to be suitable candidates as surrogate test organisms in local pesticide risk evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odete Rocha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Antônio José Gazonato Neto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Dos Santos Lima
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos - SP, 13.560-970, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Cristina Freitas
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos - SP, 13.560-970, Brazil
| | - Mariana Miguel
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos - SP, 13.560-970, Brazil
| | - Adrislaine da Silva Mansano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos - SP, 13.560-970, Brazil
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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Prosser RS, Gillis PL, Milani D, Holman EAM, Ikert H, Schissler D, Toito J, Palabrica V, Parrott JL, Bartlett AJ, Balakrishnan VK. Bioaccumulation of sediment-associated substituted phenylamine antioxidants in Tubifex tubifex and Lampsilis siliquoidea. Ecotoxicology 2018; 27:578-589. [PMID: 29644543 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Substituted phenylamine antioxidants (SPAs) are additives in a variety of commercial polymers (e.g., lubricants, plastics, etc.). Based on their physicochemical properties, if SPAs were to enter an aquatic system, they would likely partition into sediment and have the capacity to bioaccumulate in biota. This study investigated the potential of four sediment-associated SPAs, diphenylamine (DPA), N-phenyl-1-naphthalene (PNA), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPDA), and 4,4'-methylene-bis[N-sec-butylaniline] (MBA) to accumulate in the tissues of freshwater mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and oligochaete worms (Tubifex tubifex). Mussels and worms were exposed to sediment spiked with individual SPAs for 28 d. The concentration of SPAs was measured in the gill, gonad, and remaining viscera of the mussels and entire body of the worms. The majority of biota-sediment accumulation factors (28-d BSAFs) for the different tissues of mussels were < 1. The highest concentrations of SPAs were consistently observed in the gill tissue of mussels relative to the gonad and viscera. The 28-d BSAFs for DPPDA and MBA for worms were < 1, and for DPA and PNA, they ranged from 0.38-2.13 and 1.54-33.24, respectively. The higher 28-d BSAFs observed for worms compared to mussels were likely because worms are endobenthic and feed on sediment-associated organic matter. PNA and DPPDA have similar octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow) but greater 28-d BSAFs were observed for PNA compared to DPPDA for both species. This observation provides evidence that biota may be able to metabolize and/or excrete SPAs with similar physicochemical properties at considerably different rates. The 28-d BSAFs observed for sediment-associated SPAs are lower than those typically required for a chemical to be classified as bioaccumulative.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Prosser
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, ON, Canada.
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - P L Gillis
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - D Milani
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - E A M Holman
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - H Ikert
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - D Schissler
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - J Toito
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - V Palabrica
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - J L Parrott
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - A J Bartlett
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - V K Balakrishnan
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, ON, Canada
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Vought V, Wang HS. Impact of common environmental chemicals bisphenol A and bisphenol S on the physiology of Lumbriculus variegatus. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 60:225-229. [PMID: 29763883 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a component of polycarbonate plastics and a near ubiquitous environmental endocrine disrupting chemical. Bisphenol S (BPS), a substitute of BPA, is also hormonally active. This study examines the effects of aqueous exposure to BPA and BPS on the freshwater annelids Lumbriculus variegatus, a keystone species in shallow water ecosystems. Both BPA and BPS, at both low dose (10-9 M) and high dose (10-6 M), retarded the initial phase of body regrowth after cutting/fragmentation, which is the main mode of reproduction of L. variegatus. Both acute and five day exposure to BPA and BPS increased pulse rate of the dorsal blood vessel. For all the measured endpoints, the effects of BPA and BPS were nearly indistinguishable. These results indicate that BPA and BPS have similar and significant effects on the physiology of L. variegatus. These findings have implication for the potential impact of these bisphenols on invertebrates in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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Milanin T, Atkinson SD, Silva MRM, Alves RG, Tavares LER, Ribeiro AM, Maia AAM. Occurrence of two novel actinospore types (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) in fish farms in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:1757-64. [PMID: 29713902 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5856-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the involvement of oligochaetes in the life cycles of fresh water myxozoan parasites in Brazil. In a fish farm in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, we examined 192 oligochaetes and found that two (1%) released Aurantiactinomyxon type actinospores. We identified infected oligochaetes by morphology: both were Pristina synclites, from family Naididae. This is the first report of the involvement of this species in the life cycle of myxozoans. Small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences of Aurantiactinomyxon type 1 (1882 nt) and Aurantiactinomyxon type 2 (1900 nt) did not match any previously sequenced myxozoan in the NCBI database, with the highest BLAST search similarities of 83% with Myxobolus batalhensis MF361090 and 93% with Henneguya maculosus KF296344, respectively, and the two aurantiactinomyxons were only 75% similar to each other (over ~ 1900 bases). Phylogenetic analyses showed that Aurantiactinomyxon type 1 had closest affinities with myxozoans from fish hosts in Order Characiformes, and Aurantiactinomyxon type 2 had affinities with myxozoans from fish of Order Siluriformes.
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Milani D, Bartlett AJ, de Solla SR, Parrott JL, Intini KD, Legault D, Unsworth J, Balakrishnan VK. Comparative toxicity of azo dyes to two infaunal organisms (Hexagenia spp. and Tubifex tubifex) in spiked-sediment exposures. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:6937-6950. [PMID: 29273984 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes are synthetic compounds used as industrial colorants, and some are predicted to be inherently toxic, bioaccumulative, and/or persistent based upon their chemical composition. This study addresses data gaps in current research which include the need to evaluate the toxicity of hydrophobic azo dyes to benthic invertebrates. The toxicity of a solvent dye, Sudan Red G (SRG), and two disperse dyes, Disperse Yellow 7 (DY7) and Disperse Orange 13 (DO13), to Hexagenia spp. and Tubifex tubifex was assessed in spiked-sediment exposures. The dye compounds appeared to degrade readily in the equilibrium and exposure periods, suggesting a limited persistence of the parent compounds in the environment under test conditions. Although azo dye degradation products could not be reliably quantified, one was detected in DY7 sediment samples that elicited toxic effects to Hexagenia and Tubifex, providing evidence that DY7 degrades. Hexagenia survival and growth endpoints responded with similar sensitivity to the dyes, but DY7 was the most toxic, with a 21-day IC25 (concentration associated with 25% inhibition) for growth of 9.6 μg/g. Comparatively, Tubifex reproduction was the most sensitive endpoint for all dyes with 28-day IC25s for young production ranging from 1.3 to 11.8 μg/g. At sublethal concentrations, toxic effects to Tubifex differed between dyes: the solvent dye exerted an effect primarily on gametogenesis (cocoon production), while disperse dyes, most notably DY7, caused effects on embryogenesis (development of worm inside the cocoon). This study indicates that there could be potential hazard to oligochaetes based on the observed effect concentrations, but given the lack of environmental measurements, the risk of these compounds is unknown. Further research is required to determine if degradation products were formed in all dye samples and whether toxicity was caused by the parent molecules, which have limited persistence under test conditions, or by their degradation products. To avoid underestimating toxicity, this study stresses the need to use an infaunal deposit feeder such as the oligochaete Tubifex in sediment toxicity assessments where highly hydrophobic compounds are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Milani
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Water Science and Technology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Adrienne J Bartlett
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne L Parrott
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Kyna D Intini
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Water Science and Technology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - David Legault
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Water Science and Technology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jennifer Unsworth
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Water Science and Technology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Vimal K Balakrishnan
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, Canada
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Prosser RS, Bartlett AJ, Milani D, Holman EAM, Ikert H, Schissler D, Toito J, Parrott JL, Gillis PL, Balakrishnan VK. Variation in the toxicity of sediment-associated substituted phenylamine antioxidants to an epibenthic (Hyalella azteca) and endobenthic (Tubifex tubifex) invertebrate. Chemosphere 2017; 181:250-258. [PMID: 28448906 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Substituted phenylamine antioxidants (SPAs) are produced in relatively high volumes and used in a range of applications (e.g., rubber, polyurethane); however, little is known about their toxicity to aquatic biota. Therefore, current study examined the effects of chronic exposure (28 d) to four sediment-associated SPAs on epibenthic (Hyalella azteca) and endobenthic (Tubifex tubifex) organisms. In addition, acute (96-h), water-only exposures were conducted with H. azteca. Mortality, growth and biomass production were assessed in juvenile H. azteca exposed to diphenylamine (DPA), N-phenyl-1-napthylamine (PNA), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPDA), or 4,4'-methylene-bis[N-sec-butylaniline] (MBA). Mortality of adult T. tubifex and reproduction were assessed following exposure to the four SPAs. The 96-h LC50s for juvenile H. azteca were 1443, 109, 250, and >22 μg/L and 28-d LC50s were 22, 99, 135, and >403 μg/g dry weight (dw) for DPA, PNA, DPPDA, and MBA, respectively. Reproductive endpoints for T. tubifex (EC50s for production of juveniles > 500 μm: 15, 9, 4, 3.6 μg/g dw, for DPA, PNA, DPPDA, and MBA, respectively) were an order of magnitude more sensitive than endpoints for juvenile H. azteca and mortality of adult worms. The variation in toxicity across the four SPAs was likely related to the bioavailability of the sediment-associated chemicals, which was determined by the chemical properties of the SPAs (e.g., solubility in water, Koc). The variation in the sensitivity between the two species was likely due to differences in the magnitude of exposure, which is a function of the life histories of the epibenthic amphipod and the endobenthic worm. The data generated from this study will support effect characterization for ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Prosser
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
| | - A J Bartlett
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Milani
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - E A M Holman
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Ikert
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Schissler
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Toito
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - J L Parrott
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - P L Gillis
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - V K Balakrishnan
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Bicho RC, Santos FCF, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJB. Effects of copper oxide nanomaterials (CuONMs) are life stage dependent - full life cycle in Enchytraeus crypticus. Environ Pollut 2017; 224:117-124. [PMID: 28216133 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanomaterials (CuONMs) have various applications in industry and enter the terrestrial environment, e.g. via sewage sludge. The effects of CuONMs and copper chloride (CuCl2) were studied comparing the standard enchytraeid reproduction test (ERT) and the full life cycle test (FLCt) with Enchytraeus crypticus. CuONMs mainly affected growth or juveniles' development, whereas CuCl2 mainly affected embryo development and/or hatching success and adults survival. Compared to the ERT, the FLCt allowed discrimination of effects between life stages and provided indication of the underlying mechanisms; further, the FLCt showed increased sensitivity, e.g. reproductive effects for CuONMs: EC10 = 8 mg Cu/kg and EC10 = 421 mg Cu/kg for the FLCt and the ERT respectively. The performance of the FLCt is preferred to the ERT and we recommend it as a good alternative to assess hazard of NMs. Effects of CuONMs and CuCl2 are life stage dependent and are different between Cu forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Bicho
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Fátima C F Santos
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Janeck J Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO BOX 314, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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12
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Bicho RC, Ribeiro T, Rodrigues NP, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJB. Effects of Ag nanomaterials (NM300K) and Ag salt (AgNO3) can be discriminated in a full life cycle long term test with Enchytraeus crypticus. J Hazard Mater 2016; 318:608-614. [PMID: 27474850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Information on effects of silver nanoparticles on soil invertebrates, especially using long-term exposures, is scarce. In this study we investigated the effects of the reference Ag (NM300K) (compared to AgNO3) using the full life cycle test (FLCt) of the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus. Results showed that effects were higher compared to the standard reproduction test, which is shorter and does not cover the FLC. Both Ag forms caused a reduction on hatching success, juvenile and adult survival and reproduction with similar ECx. Differences between AgNO3 and Ag NM300K could be discriminated using the FLCt: AgNO3 decreased hatching success was shown to be a delay in the process, whereas Ag NM300K caused irreversible effects during the same time frame. These effects may have occurred during the embryo development, hatching (inhibition) or survival of hatched juveniles. Ag NM300K caused non-monotonic concentration-response effect as observed by the high effect of the lowest concentration (20mgkg-1). It is known that dispersion is higher at lower concentrations - this could explain the increased effect at low concentration. Non monotonic responses are well described in the literature, where effects of high cannot predict for low concentrations, hence special attention should be given for NMs low concentration effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Bicho
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Natália P Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Janeck J Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO BOX 314, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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13
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Ito M, Ito K, Ohta K, Hano T, Onduka T, Mochida K, Fujii K. Evaluation of bioremediation potential of three benthic annelids in organically polluted marine sediment. Chemosphere 2016; 163:392-399. [PMID: 27565306 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the possible remedial effects of three marine benthic annelids on organically polluted sediments from the waters of Hatsukaichi Marina, Hiroshima, Japan. Two polychaetes, Perinereis nuntia and Capitella cf. teleta, and an oligochaete, Thalassodrilides sp., were incubated in sediments for 50 days. Their effects on physicochemical properties such as organic matter (loss on ignition), redox potential (Eh), acid volatile sulfides (AVS), and degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were assessed. The polychaetes P. nuntia and C. cf. teleta significantly increased Eh level and decreased AVS level compared with the oligochaete Thalassodrilides sp. and control (without benthic organisms). Total PAH concentration significantly decreased from the initial level with all three groups; Thalassodrilides sp. had a marked ability to reduce PAHs in sediment. These results indicate that benthic organisms have species-specific remediation properties and ecological functions in organically polluted sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Ito
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Maruishi 2-17-5, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan.
| | - Katsutoshi Ito
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Maruishi 2-17-5, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan.
| | - Kohei Ohta
- South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, 1289-1, Funakoshi, Ainan, Ehime, 798-4292, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Hano
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Maruishi 2-17-5, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan.
| | - Toshimitsu Onduka
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Maruishi 2-17-5, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Mochida
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Maruishi 2-17-5, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Fujii
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Maruishi 2-17-5, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan.
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14
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Staples C, Mihaich E, Ortego L, Caspers N, Klečka G, Woelz J, Hentges S. Characterizing the effects of bisphenol A on sediment-dwelling benthic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016; 35:652-659. [PMID: 26297924 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume chemical intermediate used primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. It primarily enters surface water and sediment via effluent discharges during its manufacture and use. The physical properties of BPA suggest that sediment is a potential sink and may result in exposure to benthic organisms. Currently there are no studies measuring the chronic toxicity of BPA to benthic organisms via direct sediment exposure. The present study examined the chronic toxicity of BPA to 3 commonly used test organisms that are generally representative of invertebrates occupying the base of the benthic food web and for which standardized testing protocols are available: the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus (mean numbers and biomass), the midge Chironomus riparius (emergence and development rate), and the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus (survival, growth, and reproduction). No-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs) for the 3 species ranged from 12 mg/kg to 54 mg/kg dry weight. All NOEC values were higher than all measured concentrations of BPA in freshwater and marine sediments reported in reliable, fully reported studies from North America and Europe from the 1990s to the present. For the first time, there are studies with BPA measuring the chronic toxicity to 3 taxa of sediment dwelling invertebrates, which are suitable to support region-specific risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Mihaich
- ER2, on behalf of SABIC Innovative Plastics, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa Ortego
- Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Gary Klečka
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, USA
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15
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Salvio C, Menone ML, Rafael S, Iturburu FG, Manetti PL. Survival, Reproduction, Avoidance Behavior and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Earthworm Octolasion cyaneum Exposed to Glyphosate. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 96:314-9. [PMID: 26754543 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The massive use of glyphosate (GLY) in several countries has increased the interest in investigating its potential adverse effects in non-target organisms. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential effects in survival and reproduction; avoidance behavior and oxidative stress under short-term (48 h) and subchronic exposures (28 days) to GLY in the earthworm Octolasion cyaneum. After 48 h no significant changes in the behavior was observed. In addition, a lower catalase activity at 498 μg GLY kg(-1) dry soil section relative to earthworms from the control section was obtained. After 28 days of exposure inhibition of glutathione S-transferase activity was observed at 535 μg GLY kg(-1) dry soil while no changes in the other endpoints were detected. These results indicate that environmentally relevant concentrations of GLY (up to 996 µg GLY kg(-1) dry soil) did not exert a toxic effect to O. cyaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Salvio
- Unidad Integrada Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNMdP) - EEA INTA Balcarce, C.C. 276 (7620), Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Mirta L Menone
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sergio Rafael
- Unidad Integrada Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNMdP) - EEA INTA Balcarce, C.C. 276 (7620), Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Fernando G Iturburu
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo L Manetti
- Unidad Integrada Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNMdP) - EEA INTA Balcarce, C.C. 276 (7620), Balcarce, Argentina
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16
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Mackenbach EM, Harwood AD, Mills MA, Landrum PF, Lydy MJ. Application of a Tenax model to assess bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls in field sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:286-292. [PMID: 24127319 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent literature has shown that bioavailability-based techniques, such as Tenax extraction, can estimate sediment exposure to benthos. In a previous study by the authors, Tenax extraction was used to create and validate a literature-based Tenax model to predict oligochaete bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from sediment; however, its ability to assess sediment remediation was unknown. The present study further tested the Tenax model by examining the impacts of remediation on surface sediment concentrations, Tenax extractable concentrations, and tissue concentrations of laboratory-exposed Lumbriculus variegatus. Tenax extractable concentration was an effective exposure metric to evaluate changes in Lumbriculus exposure preremediation and postremediation, with 75% of the postremediation data corresponding to the Tenax model. At nondredged sites, bioaccumulation was better predicted by the Tenax model, with 86% of the data falling within the 95% confidence intervals, than at dredged sites, for which only 64% of the data fit the Tenax model. In both pre- and postdredge conditions, when the model failed, it was conservative, predicting higher PCB concentrations than observed in the oligochaetes, particularly for the postdredge data. The present study advances understanding of the applicability of the Tenax model for use when examining systems that may have undergone significant disturbances. The Tenax model provides a unique tool for quickly quantifying potential exposure to benthic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Mackenbach
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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