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Liu CJ, Ho KT, Tsai YS, Huang HS. Increased renal uptake and urine excretion of oxidized LDL is possibly associated with formation of large calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis: a preliminary study. World J Urol 2023; 41:1423-1430. [PMID: 36977786 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing evidence have suggested an association between nephrolithiasis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) with unclear mechanism. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) induces atherosclerosis and was found to be the possible link between these two diseases. Our study aimed to examine the serum, urine and kidney expression of oxLDL in relation to large calcium oxalate (CaOx) renal stone disease. METHODS A total of 67 large CaOx dominant renal stone patients and 31 stone-free controls were enrolled in the prospective case-control study. All participants were without known CVD history. Serum, urine, and kidney biopsy were collected before and during percutaneous nephrolithotomy, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess serum and urine oxLDL, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). RESULTS There was no significantly difference in circulating oxLDL, but serum hsCRP was significantly near two-fold higher in nephrolithiasis patients. Serum hsCRP was also correlated with stone maximal length. Urine oxLDL was significantly higher in the nephrolithiasis group and correlated with serum hsCRP and stone maximal length. Increased oxLDL uptake in kidney was found in nephrolithiasis patients, whereas no significantly renal expression of oxLDL was observed in controls. CONCLUSIONS The renal uptake of oxLDL with increased oxLDL excretion from large CaOx renal stone formers, independent of increased circulating oxLDL, is a novel pathological finding in kidney stone disease and brings attention to the possible involvement of renal steatosis in the process of urolithiasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Jung Liu
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ta Ho
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan.
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan.
| | - Ho-Shiang Huang
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan.
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Liu Y, Li Y, Chen M, Liu Y, Liang J, Zhang Y, Qian ZJ. Mechanism of two alkaloids isolated from coral endophytic fungus for suppressing angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaque in HUVEC. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108931. [PMID: 35704971 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a significant cause of many cardiovascular diseases. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) are crucial in developing atherosclerosis. In this study, we researched the effects of two alkaloids epi-aszonalenin A (EAA) and aszonalenin (AZN) of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus C23-3 from coral Pavona, on ox-LDL-induced inflammation, apoptosis and angiogenesis in HUVEC, and evaluated related factors and mechanism. The results reveal that EAA and AZN inhibit HUVEC migration, invasion, angiogenesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation on a non-cytotoxic basis. Then, EAA and AZN suppressed the ox-LDL-induced of LOX-1, VEGF protein expression, MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways phosphorylation. Furthermore, AZN suppressed the ox-LDL-induced inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and VEGF receptor VEGFR-2 and platelet-derived growth factor PDGF. In addition, it inhibited ox-LDL-induced atherosclerosis by blocking inflammation and apoptosis through nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 pathways. Molecular docking results confirm that the effect of AZN on atherosclerosis inhibitory activity may be attributed to hydrogen bonds formed into LOX-1 and VEGFR-2. These data indicate that EAA and AZN can effectively prevent ox-LDL-induced HUVEC damage and angiogenesis by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Therefore, EAA and AZN may have potential beneficial effects in regulating atherosclerosis and plaque angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524-088, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524-088, China
| | - Minqi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524-088, China
| | - Yayue Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524-088, China
| | - Jinyue Liang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524-088, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524-088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524-088, China.
| | - Zhong-Ji Qian
- School of Chemistry and Environment, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524-088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524-088, China.
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Pei Y, Lui Y, Cai S, Zhou C, Hong P, Qian ZJ. A Novel Peptide Isolated from Microalgae Isochrysis zhanjiangensis Exhibits Anti-apoptosis and Anti-inflammation in Ox-LDL Induced HUVEC to Improve Atherosclerosis. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2022; 77:181-189. [PMID: 35476173 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the early stage, oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) caused atherosclerosis, followed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) damage, leading to a variety of cardiovascular related diseases. This study investigated the mechanism of nonapeptide (EMFGTSSET, ETT) isolated from in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of Isochrysis zhanjiang on endothelial cell inflammation and apoptosis induced by ox-LDL in atherosclerosis. At the cellular level, the results shown that ETT inhibited the up-regulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) induced by ox-LDL. Furthermore, ETT inhibited the fluorescence intensity of ROS, inflammatory factors (interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and the expression of cell adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion protein 1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1). In addition, it also upregulates nuclear red blood cell 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO -1), p-Akt, and bcl-2 levels. But down-regulated the expression of p-p65, p-IκB-α, p-p38, p-ERK, p-JNK, bax, and cleaved caspase-9/-3 (c-c-9/-3), thereby inhibited ox-LDL induction inflammation and apoptosis of atherosclerosis. Through molecular docking, it was judged that the stable interaction between ETT and LOX-1 and VCAM-1 was maintained through hydrogen bonding. These results can provide a theoretical basis for ETT as a potential substance for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, and further improve the value of Isochrysis zhanjiangensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pei
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088 and Shenzhen 518114, China
| | - Yi Lui
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088 and Shenzhen 518114, China
| | - Shengxuan Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088 and Shenzhen 518114, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088 and Shenzhen 518114, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088 and Shenzhen 518114, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China.
| | - Zhong-Ji Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088 and Shenzhen 518114, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China.
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Singh P, Goncalves I, Tengryd C, Nitulescu M, Persson AF, To F, Bengtsson E, Volkov P, Orho-Melander M, Nilsson J, Edsfeldt A. Reduced oxidized LDL in T2D plaques is associated with a greater statin usage but not with future cardiovascular events. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:214. [PMID: 33317535 PMCID: PMC7737372 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients are at a greater risk of cardiovascular events due to aggravated atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) has been shown to be increased in T2D plaques and suggested to contribute to plaque ruptures. Despite intensified statin treatment during the last decade the higher risk for events remains. Here, we explored if intensified statin treatment was associated with reduced oxLDL in T2D plaques and if oxLDL predicts cardiovascular events, to elucidate whether further plaque oxLDL reduction would be a promising therapeutic target. Methods Carotid plaque OxLDL levels and plasma lipoproteins were assessed in 200 patients. Plaque oxLDL was located by immunohistochemistry. Plaque cytokines, cells and scavenger receptor gene expression were quantified by Luminex, immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing, respectively. Clinical information and events during follow-up were obtained from national registers. Results Plaque oxLDL levels correlated with markers of inflammatory activity, endothelial activation and plasma LDL cholesterol (r = 0.22-0.32 and p ≤ 0.01 for all). T2D individuals exhibited lower plaque levels of oxLDL, sLOX-1(a marker of endothelial activation) and plasma LDL cholesterol (p = 0.001, p = 0.006 and p = 0.009). No increased gene expression of scavenger receptors was identified in T2D plaques. The lower oxLDL content in T2D plaques was associated with a greater statin usage (p = 0.026). Supporting this, a linear regression model showed that statin treatment was the factor with the strongest association to plaque oxLDL and plasma LDL cholesterol (p < 0.001 for both). However, patients with T2D more frequently suffered from symptoms and yet plaque levels of oxLDL did not predict cardiovascular events in T2D (findings are summarized in Fig. 1a). Conclusions This study points out the importance of statin treatment in affecting plaque biology in T2D. It also implies that other biological components, beyond oxLDL, need to be identified and targeted to further reduce the risk of events among T2D patients receiving statin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Singh
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Isabel Goncalves
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Dept. of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Tengryd
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mihaela Nitulescu
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ana F Persson
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fong To
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Bengtsson
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Petr Volkov
- Diabetes Center Bioinformatics Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Edsfeldt
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. .,Dept. of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden. .,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Nansseu JR, Ama Moor VJ, Takam RDM, Zing-Awona B, Azabji-Kenfack M, Tankeu F, Tchoula CM, Moukette BM, Ngogang JY. Cameroonian professional soccer players and risk of atherosclerosis. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:186. [PMID: 28577561 PMCID: PMC5455176 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated titers of antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (ox-LDL-Ab) have been reported among professional athletes, paradoxically reflecting an increased risk of developing atherogenic and/or cardiovascular events. This study aimed to determine titers of ox-LDL-Ab in a group of Cameroonian professional soccer players, and evaluate their evolution during part of a competition season as well as the plasmatic antioxidant status to find out if this latter correlates with ox-LDL-Ab . Methods We conducted a descriptive cohort study in 2012 including 18 healthy male soccer players. Three samplings were performed in March (T1), May (T2), and July 2012 (T3) to assess the lipid profile, titers of ox-LDL-Ab, and plasmatic concentrations of four antioxidants: the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and uric acid. Results Ages ranged from 16 to 28 years with a median (interquartile range) of 19.5 (19–23) years. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides varied within normal ranges throughout the three samplings. While total cholesterol and LDL-C titers increased significantly (p = 0.003 and p = 0.006, respectively), triglycerides and HDL-C values varied non-significantly throughout the measurements (p = 0.061 and p = 0.192, respectively). The median ox-LDL-Ab titers were respectively: 653.3 (468.2–838.8) mIU/ml at T1, 777.7 (553.7–1150.7) mIU/ml at T2, and 1037.7 (901.7–1481.5) mIU/ml at T3. Overall, ox-LDL-Ab titers increased significantly from T1 to T3 (p = 0.006). Concomitantly, uric acid and FRAP concentrations decreased significantly (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively); on the contrary, GSH and SOD values increased, but insignificantly (p = 0.115 and p = 0.110, respectively). There was a positive and significant correlation between ox-LDL-Ab and HDL-C (ρ = 0.519, p = 0.027), and between ox-LDL-Ab and SOD (ρ = 0.504, p = 0.033) at T2. Ox-LDL-Ab values were expected to increase with each new visit (β = 201.1; p = 0.041) and each IU/ml of SOD titers (β = 23.6; p = 0.019). Conclusion These Cameroonian professional soccer players exhibited high levels of ox-LDL-Ab reflecting elevated levels of oxidatively-modified LDL-C particles with an increment over time, this being insufficiently counterbalanced by the antioxidant defense mechanisms. As a consequence, they may be at increased atherogenic and cardiovascular risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobert Richie Nansseu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Department for the control of Diseases, Epidemics and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Vicky Jocelyne Ama Moor
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Bertrand Zing-Awona
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Mathematical Engineering and Information System Laboratory, National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,African Center of Excellence in Information and Communication Technologies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marcel Azabji-Kenfack
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Francine Tankeu
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Jeanne Y Ngogang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Mountains, Bangangté, Cameroon
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Polovina M, Petrović I, Brković V, Ašanin M, Marinković J, Ostojić M. Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Predicts the Development of Renal Dysfunction in Atrial Fibrillation. Cardiorenal Med 2016; 7:31-41. [PMID: 27994600 DOI: 10.1159/000449173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To investigate the role of oxidative stress (OS) in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS We compared OS burden, determined at study inclusion as plasma concentrations of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), between stable AF patients (n = 256, mean age: 62.8 ± 9.3 years; 60.9% males) with preserved renal function, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2, and a matched control group in sinus rhythm (n = 138, mean age: 61.5 ± 11.2 years; 60.9% males). During the prospective follow-up of AF patients, we investigated the association and prognostic validity of oxLDL for CKD development, diagnosed as a sustained decline in eGFR to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. RESULTS AF patients had a higher mean oxLDL (76.2 ± 21.7 U/l) compared to sinus rhythm controls (61.6 ± 13.1 U/l; p < 0.001). AF presence independently predicted increased oxLDL levels in the study cohort [β = 14.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 10.7-18.7; p < 0.001]. Over a median 4-year follow-up, 19.9% of AF patients developed CKD. Adjusting for all clinical covariates, oxLDL (per tertile) was associated with a hazard ratio of 2.17 for CKD occurrence (95% CI, 1.40-3.35; p < 0.001). AF patients in the upper oxLDL tertile (≥88.7 U/l) had a 3.70-fold (95% CI, 1.55-8.81) higher risk for CKD compared to the lower oxLDL tertile (<67.0 U/l) patients (p < 0.001). oxLDL improved discriminative validity (c-statistic increment: 0.041, 95% CI, 0.007-0.075, p = 0.017), and increased the net reclassification and integrated discrimination for CKD risk by 12.4 and 6.0%, respectively (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS oxLDL is increased in AF patients compared to sinus rhythm controls. oxLDL has an independent association and an incremental predictive value that might complement clinical CKD risk assessment in AF patients following further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Polovina
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Petrović
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Voin Brković
- Nephrology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milika Ašanin
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Marinković
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Ostojić
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Di Pietro N, Formoso G, Pandolfi A. Physiology and pathophysiology of oxLDL uptake by vascular wall cells in atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 84:1-7. [PMID: 27256928 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease in which endothelial cell dysfunction, macrophage foam cell formation, and smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, lead to the loss of vascular homeostasis. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) may play a pre-eminent function in atherosclerotic lesion formation, even if their role is still debated. Several types of scavenger receptors (SRs) such as SR-AI/II, SRBI, CD36, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), toll-like receptors (TLRs) and others can promote the internalization of oxLDL. They are expressed on the surface of vascular wall cells (endothelial cells, macrophages and smooth muscle cells) and they mediate the cellular effects of oxLDL. The key influence of both oxLDL and SRs on the atherogenic process has been established in atherosclerosis-prone animals, in which antioxidant treatment and/or silencing of SRs has been shown to reduce atherogenesis. Despite some discrepancies, the indication from cohort studies that there is an association between oxLDL and cardiovascular (CV) events seems to point toward a role for oxLDL in atherosclerotic plaque progress and disruption. Finally, randomized clinical trials using antioxidants have demonstrated benefits only in high-risk patients, suggesting that additional proofs are still needed to better define the involvement of each type of modified LDL in the development of atherosclerosis.
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García-Gómez C, Bianchi M, de la Fuente D, Badimon L, Padró T, Corbella E, Pintó X. Inflammation, lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: A qualitative relationship? World J Orthop 2014; 5:304-311. [PMID: 25035833 PMCID: PMC4095023 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v5.i3.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is reduced compared to the general population owing to an increase in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) not fully explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. In recent years, interest has been focused on the alterations in lipid metabolism in relation to chronic inflammation as one of the possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis of RA patients. Research regarding this issue has revealed quantitative alterations in lipoproteins during the acute-phase reaction, and has also demonstrated structural alterations in these lipoproteins which affect their functional abilities. Although many alterations in lipid metabolism have been described in this regard, these structural changes associated with inflammation are particularly important in high-density lipoproteins as they affect their cardioprotective functions. In this respect, excessive oxidation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increased lipoprotein(a) with a predominance of smaller apolipoprotein(a) isoforms has also been reported. This article will discuss proinflammatory high-density lipoproteins (piHDL), oxidized LDL and lipoprotein(a). Elevated concentrations of these lipoproteins with marked pro-atherogenic properties have been observed in RA patients, which could help to explain the increased cardiovascular risk of these patients.
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Charach G, Rabinovich A, Argov O, Weintraub M, Charach L, Ayzenberg O, George J. Anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibodies in chronic heart failure. World J Cardiol 2012; 4:302-8. [PMID: 23185651 PMCID: PMC3505849 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v4.i11.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). Antibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL Abs) reflect an immune response to LDL over a prolonged period and may represent long-term oxidative stress in HF. The oxLDL plasma level is a useful predictor of mortality in HF patients, and measurement of the oxLDL Abs level may allow better management of those patients. Antibodies to oxLDL also significantly correlate with the New York Heart Association score. Hypercholesterolemia, smoking, hypertension, and obesity are risk factors for atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) leading to HF, but these factors account for only one-half of all cases, and understanding of the pathologic process underlying HF remains incomplete. Nutrients with antioxidant properties can reduce the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. Antioxidant therapy may be an adjunct to lipid-lowering, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and metformin (in diabetes) therapy for the greatest impact on CHD and HF. Observational data suggest a protective effect of antioxidant supplementation on the incidence of HD. This review summarizes the data on oxLDL Abs as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Charach
- Gideon Charach, Alexander Rabinovich, Ori Argov, Moshe Weintraub, Lior Charach, Departments of Internal Medicine "C", Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel
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