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Ren F, Yan J, Wang X, Xie Y, Guo N, Swevers L, Sun J. Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein S5 of Bombyx mori Facilitates the Proliferation of Bombyx mori Cypovirus 1. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:6338-6347. [PMID: 37053003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori cypovirus 1 (BmCPV1), a primary pathogen of the silkworm, is a typical dsRNA virus belonging to the Reoviridae family. In this study, a total of 2520 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA-seq analysis of the silkworm midgut after BmCPV1 infection and Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation showed that the DEGs predominantly functioned in binding (molecular function), cell (cellular component), and cellular processes (biological process). Additionally, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional annotation revealed that the DEGs were mainly distributed in global and overview metabolism maps, translation, and signal transduction. Among the identified DEGs, BmPGRP-S5 belongs to the peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) family. Previous studies have revealed that PGRPs were involved in the interactions between silkworm and BmCPV1. Here, we explored the effect of BmPGRP-S5 on BmCPV1 replication and demonstrated that BmPGRP-S5 promotes the proliferation of BmCPV1 in BmN cells through overexpression or knockdown experiments. Knocking down of BmPGRP-S5 in silkworm larvae similarly promoted the proliferation of BmCPV1. Through experimental validation, we therefore determined that BmPGRP-S5 acts as a proviral host factor for BmCPV1 infection. This study clarifies the proliferation mechanism of BmCPV1 and provides new insights into the functional role of BmPGRP-S5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiming Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yukai Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Nan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Athens 15341, Greece
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Zhang P, Yao Z, Bai S, Zhang H. The Negative Regulative Roles of BdPGRPs in the Imd Signaling Pathway of Bactrocera dorsalis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010152. [PMID: 35011714 PMCID: PMC8750024 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are key regulators in insects' immune response, functioning as sensors to detect invading pathogens and as scavengers of peptidoglycan (PGN) to reduce immune overreaction. However, the exact function of PGRPs in Bactrocera dorsalis is still unclear. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized the genes BdPGRP-LB, BdPGRP-SB1 and BdPGRP-SC2 in B. dorsalis. The results showed that BdPGRP-LB, BdPGRP-SB1 and BdPGRP-SC2 all have an amidase-2 domain, which has been shown to have N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-Alanine amidase activity. The transcriptional levels of BdPGRP-LB and BdPGRP-SC2 were both high in adult stages and midgut tissues; BdPGRP-SB1 was found most abundantly expressed in the 2nd instar larvae stage and adult fat body. The expression of BdPGRP-LB and BdPGRP-SB1 and AMPs were significantly up-regulated after injury infected with Escherichia coli at different time points; however, the expression of BdPGRP-SC2 was reduced at 9 h, 24 h and 48 h following inoculation with E. coli. By injection of dsRNA, BdPGRP-LB, BdPGRP-SB1 and BdPGRP-SC2 were knocked down by RNA-interference. Silencing of BdPGRP-LB, BdPGRP-SB1 and BdPGRP-SC2 separately in flies resulted in over-activation of the Imd signaling pathway after bacterial challenge. The survival rate of the ds-PGRPs group was significantly reduced compared with the ds-egfp group after bacterial infection. Taken together, our results demonstrated that three catalytic PGRPs family genes, BdPGRP-LB, BdPGRP-SB1 and BdPGRP-SC2, are important negative regulators of the Imd pathway in B. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongyu Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87286962; Fax: +86-27-87384670
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Vaz F, Kounatidis I, Covas G, Parton RM, Harkiolaki M, Davis I, Filipe SR, Ligoxygakis P. Accessibility to Peptidoglycan Is Important for the Recognition of Gram-Positive Bacteria in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2480-2492.e6. [PMID: 31116990 PMCID: PMC6533200 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila, it is thought that peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) SA and LC structurally discriminate between bacterial peptidoglycans with lysine (Lys) or diaminopimelic (DAP) acid, respectively, thus inducing differential antimicrobial transcription response. Here, we find that accessibility to PG at the cell wall plays a central role in immunity to infection. When wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are genetically removed from S. aureus (Lys type) and Bacillus subtilis (DAP type), thus increasing accessibility, the binding of both PGRPs to either bacterium is increased. PGRP-SA and -LC double mutant flies are more susceptible to infection with both WTA-less bacteria. In addition, WTA-less bacteria grow better in PGRP-SA/-LC double mutant flies. Finally, infection with WTA-less bacteria abolishes any differential activation of downstream antimicrobial transcription. Our results indicate that accessibility to cell wall PG is a major factor in PGRP-mediated immunity and may be the cause for discrimination between classes of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Vaz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., OX1 3QU Oxford, UK; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ilias Kounatidis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., OX1 3QU Oxford, UK; Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, UK
| | - Gonçalo Covas
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Richard M Parton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., OX1 3QU Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Harkiolaki
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, UK
| | - Ilan Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., OX1 3QU Oxford, UK
| | - Sergio Raposo Filipe
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Petros Ligoxygakis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., OX1 3QU Oxford, UK.
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Dukhanina EA, Lukyanova TI, Dukhanin AS, Georgieva SG. The role of S100A4 protein in anticancer cytotoxicity: its presence is required on the surface of CD 4+CD 25+PGRPs+S100A4 + lymphocyte and undesirable on the surface of target cells. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:479-485. [PMID: 29251175 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1415678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A4 is a Ca2+-binding protein that performs an important role in metastasis. It is also known for its antitumor functions. S100A4 is expressed by a specialized subset of CD4+CD25+ lymphocytes and is present on those cell's membranes along with peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs). There, by interacting with major heat shock protein Hsp70, S100A4 plays an important cytotoxic role. The resulting stably formed complex of PGRPs, S100A4 and Hsp70 is required for the identification and binding between a lymphocyte and a target cell. Here, we investigated the S100A4 functions in CD4+CD25+PGRPs+S100A4+ lymphocyte cytotoxicity against target cells. We demonstrated that those lymphocytes do not form a stable complex with the tumor target cells that themselves have S1004A on their surface. That observation can be explained by our finding that S100A4 precludes the formation of a stable complex between PGRPs, S100A4 (on the lymphocytes' surface), and Hsp70 (on the target cells' surface). The decrease in S100A4 level in CD4+CD25+PGRPs+S100A4+ lymphocytes inhibits their cytotoxic activity, while the addition of S100A4 in the medium restores it. Thus, the resistance of target cells to CD4+CD25+PGRPs+ S100A4+ lymphocyte cytotoxicity depends on their S100A4 expression level and can be countered by S100A4 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Dukhanina
- a Department of Transcription Factors , Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - T I Lukyanova
- b M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - A S Dukhanin
- c Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Radiobiology , SBEI HPE "National Research Medical University" , Moscow , Russia
| | - S G Georgieva
- a Department of Transcription Factors , Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
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Capo F, Charroux B, Royet J. Bacteria sensing mechanisms in Drosophila gut: Local and systemic consequences. Dev Comp Immunol 2016; 64:11-21. [PMID: 26778296 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
All insects are colonized by microorganisms on their exoskeleton, their gut and even in some cases within their own somatic and germ line cells. This microbiota that can represent up to a few percent of the insect biomass may have a pervasive impact on many aspects of insect biology including physiology, nutrient acquisition, ageing, behaviour and resistance to infection. Mainly through ingestion of contaminated food, the mouth-gut axis represents the first and principal access of external bacteria to the host. Soon after ingestion, the feeding insect needs to rapidly and accurately identify the ingested microbes and decide whether to preserve them if beneficial or neutral, or to eliminate them if potentially harmful. We will review here the recent data acquired in Drosophila on the mechanisms that invertebrate enterocytes rely on to detect the presence of bacteria in the gut. We will compare these modes of bacteria sensing to those in other immune competent tissues and try to rationalize differences that may exist. We will also analyse the physiological consequences of bacteria detection not only locally for the gut itself but also for remote tissues. Finally, we will describe the physiological disorders that can occur due to inaccurate bacteria identification by the gut epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Capo
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Charroux
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Royet
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, 13288, Marseille, France.
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