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Otocka-Kmiecik A, Orłowska-Majdak M, Stawski R, Szkudlarek U, Padula G, Gałczyński S, Nowak D. Effect of Exercise Repetitions on Arylesterase Activity of PON1 in Plasma of Average-Trained Men-The Dissociation between Activity and Concentration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1296. [PMID: 37372026 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise may increase the antioxidant capacity of plasma by stimulating antioxidant enzymes. The study aimed to measure the effect of three repetitions of acute exercise on arylesterase (ARE) activity of the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme. Eleven average-trained men (age 34.0 ± 5.2 years) completed three treadmill runs. ARE activity in plasma was evaluated spectrophotometrically and compared with PON1 concentration (PON1c), paraoxonase (PON) activity, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) at rest and after exercise. In all repetitions of the exercise, ARE activity remained stable, and ARE activity standardized for PON1c (ARE/PON1c) was lower post- than pre-exercise. The ARE/PON1c ratio changes returned to baseline levels during rest after each exercise session. Pre-exercise ARE activity correlated negatively with post-exercise C-reactive protein (CRP) (ρ = -0.35, p = 0.049), white blood cell count (WBC) (ρ = -0.35, p = 0.048), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) (ρ = -0.37, p = 0.037), and creatine kinase (CK) (ρ = -0.37, p = 0.036). ARE activity may be depleted under conditions of oxidative stress, as increases in PON1c during acute exercise did not result in parallel increases in ARE activity. No adaptation of the response of ARE activity to exercise was detected in subsequent exercise sessions. Individuals with lower pre-exercise ARE activity may develop a higher inflammatory response to strenuous exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Otocka-Kmiecik
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Interfaculty Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Orłowska-Majdak
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Interfaculty Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Robert Stawski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Interfaculty Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Urszula Szkudlarek
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Interfaculty Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Gianluca Padula
- Academic Laboratory of Movement and Human Physical Performance, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Szymon Gałczyński
- Academic Laboratory of Movement and Human Physical Performance, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Interfaculty Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Ponce-Ruiz N, Murillo-González FE, Rojas-García AE, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Bernal-Hernández YY, González-Arias CA, Ortega-Cervantes L, Ponce-Gallegos J, López-Guarnido O, Medina-Díaz IM. PON1 status and homocysteine levels as potential biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. Exp Gerontol 2020; 140:111062. [PMID: 32827712 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death. The mainly risks factors for CVD are diabetes, hypertension and high levels of homocysteine (Hcys), among others. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) has been proposed as an antiatherogenic target for its ability to hydrolyzing oxi-Low-Density-Lipoproteins (LDL) and Hcys-thiolactone. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of Hcys levels, and the activities and concentration of PON1, as well as vitamin B from the diet with a risk for CVD. METHODS A case-control study was carry out in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), Arterial hypertension, but not CVD (AH), and in healthy controls (control group) from the Mexican Institute of Social Security. Lipid profile, intake of vitamin B, Hcys, serum amyloid A (SAA), PON1 concentration, and PON1 activities (Arylesterase activity (ARE), Lactonase activity (LAC), and CMPA activity (CMPA)) were evaluated. RESULTS The CVD group had the highest concentration of Hcys and SAA than in the AH and control groups (p < 0.01). ARE, LAC, and CMPA activities and PON1 concentration were lowest in the CVD group. A positive-independent association between Hcys levels and CVD was found (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.69-2.56) and this increase when it was adjusted by age, BMI, ApoA1, vitamin B intake, SAA, and PON1 (OR = 14.41; 95% CI: 1.75-118.71). LAC and CMPA, as well as PON1 concentration, were inversely associated with CVD. CONCLUSION LAC activity, PON1 concentration, and Hcys levels might be good biomarkers for CVD and their association could be modified by the intake of vitamin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ponce-Ruiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - F E Murillo-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - A E Rojas-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - B S Barrón-Vivanco
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Y Y Bernal-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - C A González-Arias
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - L Ortega-Cervantes
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico
| | | | - O López-Guarnido
- Dept. Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Spain.
| | - I M Medina-Díaz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
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Ponce-Ruiz N, Murillo-González FE, Rojas-García AE, Bernal Hernández YY, Mackness M, Ponce-Gallegos J, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Hernández-Ochoa I, González-Arias CA, Ortega Cervantes L, Cardoso-Saldaña G, Medina-Díaz IM. Phenotypes and concentration of PON1 in cardiovascular disease: The role of nutrient intake. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:40-48. [PMID: 31757567 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is considered to play a crucial role as an anti-atherosclerotic factor. The PON1 activity is affected by genetic polymorphisms, environmental factors, age, sex, lifestyle, pharmaceutical drugs, and dietary factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between macro- and micronutrients as well as PON1 concentration and activities in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cardiovascular risk factors but no CVD (CRF), and in healthy controls (control group). METHODS AND RESULTS A case-control study was carried out with 356 volunteers from the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico. Clinical parameters, lipid profile, PON1 activities (AREase, LACase, CMPAase and PONase), and PON1 concentration were evaluated. There was a differential intake of macro- and micronutrients among the study groups. The intake of proteins and carbohydrates was higher in the CVD group than in the CFR and control groups (p < 0.05). AREase, LACase, and CMPAase activities and PON1 concentration were lowest in the CVD group. CONCLUSION LACase and CMPAase activities, as well as PON1 concentration, could be included in the battery of CVD predictive biomarkers in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Ponce-Ruiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Fátima E Murillo-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Aurora E Rojas-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Yael Y Bernal Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Briscia S Barrón-Vivanco
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Isabel Hernández-Ochoa
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Toxicología, Mexico.
| | - Cyndia A González-Arias
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Laura Ortega Cervantes
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | | | - Irma M Medina-Díaz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
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González FEM, Ponce-RuÍz N, Rojas-GarcÍa AE, Bernal-Hernández YY, Mackness M, Ponce-Gallegos J, Cardoso-Saldaña G, Jorge-Galarza E, Torres-Tamayo M, Medina-Díaz IM. PON1 concentration and high-density lipoprotein characteristics as cardiovascular biomarkers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:e47-54. [PMID: 31211270 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2019.84447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is now known to be related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PON1 concentration and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses in patients with proven CVD, cardiovascular risk factors but no CVD (CRF), and in healthy controls (control group). Material and methods A case-control study was carried out with 69 volunteers from the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico. Clinical parameters, lipid profile, PON1 concentration, PON1 activities (AREase and CMPAase), and HDL subclasses were evaluated. Results Patients with CVD had significantly higher glucose and lower total cholesterol than the control group had (p < 0.01). AREase activity was not different between the control (122.57 ±30.72 U/ml), CRF (115.81 ±32.81 U/ml), and CVD (109.34 ±29.60 U/ml) groups. PON1 concentration was significantly lower in CVD patients than in CRF and control patients (p < 0.001); a positive correlation was observed between AREase activity and PON1 concentration in the CVD group (Rho = 0.58; p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the decrease in PON1 level was associated with the CVD group (RRR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.09–0.45) but not with the CRF group (RRR = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.89–1.90). Significant differences were observed in HDL 2a and HDL 3a concentrations between the control group and CRF and CVD groups (p < 0.05), but not between the CRF and CVD groups. Conclusions Our data suggest that PON1 status and HDL characteristics could be early biomarkers that predict the potential for developing CVD.
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