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Diatta C, Klanvi Tovignan T, Sine B, Elohor Ifie B, Martin Faye J, Diatta-Holgate E, Anna Sylla F, Bodian S, Aidara O, Yirenkyi Danquah E, Kwame Offei S, Cisse N. Farmers' production constraints, preferred varietal traits and perceptions on sorghum grain mold in Senegal. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30221. [PMID: 38711662 PMCID: PMC11070805 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving sorghum adoption rates by developing adapted varieties that meet end-user preferences is a major challenge in West Africa. In this study, a participatory rural appraisal was undertaken to identify the main sorghum production constraints, farmers' preferred variety traits and their perceptions on sorghum grain mold. The study was conducted in four representative rural communities located in the main sorghum producing area of Senegal. A total of 260 farmers were interviewed and data were collected through focus group discussions and individual questionnaires. Our results indicated that Striga, insects, poor soil fertility and drought are the major sorghum producing constraints in Senegal. Grain mold was identified as the second most important sorghum disease after the damping-off. Discoloration on grain surface was the most important criteria farmers used to recognize the disease. The most important sorghum traits farmers desired in improved varieties are medium to short plant maturity cycle, medium plant height, large open or semi-compact panicle, big and white grain, and adaptation to local growing conditions. The results showed that the sorghum cropping system is dominated by male farmers who mainly grow local landraces. These results will provide updated recommendations for the breeding products profile to meet end-user preferences in Senegal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Diatta
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Centre d’Etude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), BP 3320, Thiès Escales, Senegal
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques (CNRA) de Bambey, BP 53, Bambey, Senegal
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Ghana, PMB LG 30, Legon, Ghana
| | - Thierry Klanvi Tovignan
- Département de Génétique et des Biotechnologies, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), BP 1947, Cotonou, Benin
- Centre Haïtien d’Innovation en Biotechnologies et pour une Agriculture Soutenable (CHIBAS), Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Environnement, Université Quisqueya, 218 Ave Jean-Paul II, Port-au-Prince 6110, Haiti
| | - Bassirou Sine
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Centre d’Etude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), BP 3320, Thiès Escales, Senegal
| | - Beatrice Elohor Ifie
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Ghana, PMB LG 30, Legon, Ghana
| | - Jacques Martin Faye
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Centre d’Etude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), BP 3320, Thiès Escales, Senegal
| | - Elisabeth Diatta-Holgate
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Centre d’Etude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), BP 3320, Thiès Escales, Senegal
| | - Fatou Anna Sylla
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques (CNRA) de Bambey, BP 53, Bambey, Senegal
| | - Souleymane Bodian
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques (CNRA) de Bambey, BP 53, Bambey, Senegal
| | - Ousmane Aidara
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques (CNRA) de Bambey, BP 53, Bambey, Senegal
| | - Eric Yirenkyi Danquah
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Ghana, PMB LG 30, Legon, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kwame Offei
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Ghana, PMB LG 30, Legon, Ghana
| | - Ndiaga Cisse
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Centre d’Etude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), BP 3320, Thiès Escales, Senegal
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Lin J, Yang D, Zhao X, Xie L, Xiong K, Hu L, Xu Y, Yu S, Huang W, Gong N, Liang X. The action logic of the older adults about health-seeking in South Rural China. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2487. [PMID: 38087231 PMCID: PMC10714459 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chinese government has invested significant resources to build many rural healthcare stations. However, in the face of convenient medical paths and accessible medical resources, the utilization rate of health services for older adults in rural areas is surprisingly low. This study explored why health-seeking behavior among older adults in rural China was not active. METHODS Data were collected through participatory rural appraisal (PRA) with 108 participants in 12 villages in southern China. Daily schedule and social and resource mapping were employed to outline the range of activities and the routine of the older adults, as well as in-depth interviews to understand the logic of their healthcare choices. Data collected were analyzed by content analysis. RESULTS Three themes were generated: (1) perceptions of health status (being healthy or sick): the rural older adults used the ability to handle routine chores as a measure of health status; (2) prioritization of solving symptoms over curing diseases: the older adults preferred the informal self-medication to cope with diseases, as long as there were no symptoms and no pain; (3) 'unpredictable' troubles: they tended to favor the 'optimal' solution of keeping their lives in order rather than the best medical treatment options. CONCLUSION This study showed that the medical practices of the rural elderly were profoundly influenced by their perceptions of health and their life experiences. In the face of diseases, they tended to keep their lives in order, preferring self-treatment practices that address symptoms or selectively following medical advice rather than medical and science-based clinical solutions. In the future, the construction of rural health care should focus on changing the 'inaccessibility' of healthcare resources at the subjective level of the rural elderly and develop culturally adaptable health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Lin
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqiong Xie
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ShanShan Yu
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyong Huang
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ni Gong
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Mutari B, Sibiya J, Bogweh Nchanji E, Simango K, Gasura E. Farmers' perceptions of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production constraints, preferred traits and farming systems and their implications on bean breeding: a case study from South East Lowveld region of Zimbabwe. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2021; 17:13. [PMID: 33712041 PMCID: PMC7953599 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-021-00442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Navy bean is an important legume crop in Zimbabwe. Although its production in Zimbabwe is limited by multiple constraints including biotic, abiotic and socio-economic, there is no documented evidence. Thus, this study aimed at identifying farmers' production constraints, preferred traits and cultivars of navy bean, and strategies used to mitigate some of these constraints. METHODS A Participatory Rural Appraisal approach involving transect walks, focus group discussions (FGDs), and formal surveys with semi-structured questionnaires was conducted in four villages of the Lowveld region of Zimbabwe. In each of the four villages, two FGDs (one for men and one for women) were conducted. A total of 176 (75 males and 101 females) navy bean-growing households were interviewed. Data from household interviews and FGDs was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists computer package. RESULTS The most important constraints to navy bean production were drought stress (Females-86%, Males-73%), heat stress (Females-58%, Males-55%), power outages (Females-46%, Males-54%), poor soil fertility (Females-32%; Males-33%) and susceptibility to pod shattering (Females-32%, Males-43%). Mitigation strategies included mulching (18%), ridges (12%), reduced acreage (11%), and cultivating to retain more soil moisture (11%) for drought stress, while irrigating at night (32%), and adjusting planting dates (29%) were used to manage heat stress. Farmer-preferred traits included tolerance to drought and heat, early maturing varieties and disease resistance. Marketing constraints included non-payment for produce in hard currency, lack of diversity in terms of off-takers, high inflation, low grain producer price, delayed payment and breach of contract by contractors. CONCLUSION There will be increased adoption of improved navy bean cultivars if breeding programs address the aforementioned constraints and consider farmer-preferred traits when developing new cultivars. Breeders should work closely with extension officers to ensure that cultivars released are cultivated with appropriate agronomic packages for increased productivity and high adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Mutari
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
- Department of Research and Specialist Services, Crop Breeding Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Julia Sibiya
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Eileen Bogweh Nchanji
- Alliance Bioversity - International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kennedy Simango
- Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Marondera, Zimbabwe
| | - Edmore Gasura
- University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Sinare B, Miningou A, Nebié B, Eleblu J, Kwadwo O, Traoré A, Zagre B, Desmae H. Participatory analysis of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cropping system and production constraints in Burkina Faso. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2021; 17:2. [PMID: 33397411 PMCID: PMC7784023 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Groundnut is one of the major legume crops grown as food and cash crop across the different agroecological zones of Burkina Faso. It is ranked the 2nd important legume crop for household food, nutrition, and income generation for both rural and urban zones, contributing significantly to food supply and economy of the country. Despite its importance and breeding efforts to develop improved varieties, groundnut productivity remains low. Assessing and describing the present groundnut cropping system and production constraints as well as gender dynamics in the main production areas will help in defining the groundnut breeding priorities. METHODS A participatory rural appraisal study was conducted in three groundnut production regions (central-eastern, central-northern, and central-western). In each region, 4 villages were selected with a total of 124 farmers interviewed to collect data on socio-demographics, farming systems, cropping practices, and production constraints. Data analysis was carried out for qualitative and quantitative variables using STATA 14. Analysis of variance was conducted across regions and gender, and also between and within regions. Kendall's coefficients were determined for qualitative variables across regions for the constraints using the pairwise rank. Pearson's correlation was carried out to assess the relationship between variables, and the chi-square test was used to assess the difference in farmer preferences. RESULTS The study revealed a cropping system of groundnut in an environment largely affected by climate change and in a subsistence and extensive agriculture. There is a variation in the groundnut cropping system across the regions. Gender plays a key role in the production of the groundnut, and 48.39% of women are engaged in groundnut cropping with less access to land and production resources. A yield gap between men and women was observed with men achieving more yield than women. There was a strong correlation between the use of improved varieties and technical assistance. A strong correlation was observed between farm size and production, and farm size and sex denoting an extensive production. Production constraints, although similar, were perceived and ranked differently between regions. The lack of improved varieties, absence of agricultural credit, lack of production tools, the high price of seeds, the high price of fertilizer, drought, and disease are some of the important constraints affecting groundnut productivity. CONCLUSION This study provides a recent view of groundnut cropping, allowing a good understanding of the farmers' situation. The result will contribute to the refining of breeding priorities and guide further activities in groundnut breeding in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boubacar Sinare
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana (UG), PMB 30, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT-WCA), BP 320 Bamako, Mali
- Institut National de l’Environnement et de Recherche Agricole (INERA), Ouagadougou, 04 BP 8645 04 Burkina Faso
| | - Amos Miningou
- Institut National de l’Environnement et de Recherche Agricole (INERA), Ouagadougou, 04 BP 8645 04 Burkina Faso
| | - Baloua Nebié
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT-WCA), BP 320 Bamako, Mali
| | - John Eleblu
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana (UG), PMB 30, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ofori Kwadwo
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana (UG), PMB 30, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Appolinaire Traoré
- Institut National de l’Environnement et de Recherche Agricole (INERA), Ouagadougou, 04 BP 8645 04 Burkina Faso
| | - Bertin Zagre
- Institut National de l’Environnement et de Recherche Agricole (INERA), Ouagadougou, 04 BP 8645 04 Burkina Faso
| | - Haile Desmae
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT-WCA), BP 320 Bamako, Mali
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de Aguiar AL, da Silva RR, Alves SM, da Silva LP, de Morais OR, Lobo RNB. Breeding objectives and selection criteria of a participatory community-based breeding programme of goats and sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:1933-1943. [PMID: 31965413 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The absence of formal markets and the large variability of genetic groups and production systems of goats and sheep in developing countries hinder the implementation of traditional breeding programmes. Community-based breeding programmes (CBBP) for these species have been shown to be effective in these countries. In these programmes, the definition of the objectives and criteria of selection is done in a participatory way, which takes into account the desires and needs of the local farmers. We aimed to define the objectives and criteria of a CBBP for goats and sheep in the Inhamuns region, Ceará, Brazil, using a participatory rural appraisal (PRA). This methodology, which consist in an approach that aims to incorporate the knowledge and opinions of rural people in the planning and management of development projects and programmes, was performed in seven districts of two towns of the region (Tauá and Parambu). One hundred twenty-two farmer families participated in the survey. The PRA was able to provide important information, and its results showed that breeders of this region keep flocks of goats and sheep for social, economic and cultural benefits. In order of importance, the main objectives for goat farming were personal fulfilment (PERF), food source for family (FSF), income generation (INCG), savings (SAV) and cultural/family traditions (CULT), while for sheep farming were CULT, FSF, SAV, PERF and INCG. Disease resistance (RDI), adaptability (ADP), fertility (FERT), growth rate (GRA), host resistance of worms (HRW), body conformation (BC), temperament (TEM), longevity (LONG), body size (BSIZ), age at first kidding (AFK) and milk yield (MIY) were the main selection criteria that farmers use for goats. The most important selection criteria used for selecting sheep were ADP, RDI, HRW, GRA, FERT, LONG, BC, BS and age at first lambing. According to these objectives and criteria, the CBBP must consider the adaptation of the animals to the climate and management conditions of the region, the resistance to diseases and productive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L de Aguiar
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, S/N, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - R R da Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, S/N, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - S M Alves
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, S/N, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - L P da Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, S/N, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - O R de Morais
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos/CNPq PQ Scholarship, Estrada Sobral/Groaíras, km 04, Caixa postal 71, Sobral, CE, 62010-970, Brazil
| | - R N B Lobo
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, S/N, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil. .,Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos/CNPq PQ Scholarship, Estrada Sobral/Groaíras, km 04, Caixa postal 71, Sobral, CE, 62010-970, Brazil.
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Banla EM, Dzidzienyo DK, Beatrice IE, Offei SK, Tongoona P, Desmae H. Groundnut production constraints and farmers' trait preferences: a pre-breeding study in Togo. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2018; 14:75. [PMID: 30497497 PMCID: PMC6267023 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-018-0275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Groundnut is an important legume crop in Togo. However, groundnut yield has been steadily decreasing for decades as a result of lack of organized breeding program to address production constraints. Though, low yielding varieties and late leaf spot have been often reported as the most important constraints, there is no documented evidence. Identifying and documenting the major production constraints is a prerequisite for establishing a good breeding program with clearly defined priority objectives and breeding strategies. Thus, the objectives of this study were to identify groundnut production constraints and assess farmers' preferred traits. METHODS A participatory rural appraisal approach was used to collect data on agronomic practices, farmers' preferences, and possible threats to production through individual and group interviews. Three regions and three villages per region were selected based on the representativeness of groundnut production systems. In each village, 20 farmers were randomly selected and interviewed; thus, a total of 180 farmers were interviewed. Content analysis was carried out for qualitative data and for quantitative data generated within and across regions, comparative descriptive statistics were carried out. Differences in perception and preferences were assessed using chi-square tests. RESULTS The study has revealed that, though there were some variation across the regions, traits pertaining to yield such as pod yield (66.66%) and pod size (12.12%) were the most important. Leaf spot diseases, rosette and peanut bud necrosis (37.77%) and insects such as pod sucking bug and bruchid (27.77%) were considered to be the most important constraints limiting groundnut production. Among diseases, farmers in all the three regions indicated that late leaf spot is of economic importance which they associated to various causes such as maturity, drought, or insects. No gender differences were observed for the perception of constraints and groundnut traits preferences. Land size is significantly influenced by age and gender. Besides, farmers have pointed the lack of improved varieties and the unavailability of groundnut seeds highlighting the necessity of a sustainable groundnut seed system linked with a strong breeding program. CONCLUSION This study has enabled understanding of the farming practices, constraints, and farmers preferred characteristics, thus providing the basis for a participatory breeding program in Togo which should consider that farmers perceive low yielding varieties and diseases as major constraints to production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essohouna Modom Banla
- Togolese Research Institute of Agriculture (ITRA), 13BP267 Lome, Togo
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid tropic (ICRISAT-WCA), BP320 Bamako, Mali
| | - Daniel Kwadjo Dzidzienyo
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana (UG), PMB 30, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ifie Elohor Beatrice
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana (UG), PMB 30, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kwame Offei
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana (UG), PMB 30, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Pangirayi Tongoona
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana (UG), PMB 30, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Haile Desmae
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid tropic (ICRISAT-WCA), BP320 Bamako, Mali
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