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Lee SA, Rodriguez DA, Paulk CB, Stein HH. Pelleting and particle size reduction of corn increase net energy and digestibility of fiber, protein, and fat in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:52. [PMID: 38576049 PMCID: PMC10996252 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction of the particle size of corn increases energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy. Pelleting may also reduce particle size of grain, but it is not known if there are interactions between particle size reduction and pelleting. The objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that particle size reduction and pelleting, separately or in combination, increase N balance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of fiber and fat, and net energy (NE) in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs. METHODS Six corn-soybean meal-based diets were used in a 3 × 2 factorial design with 3 particle sizes of corn (i.e., 700, 500, or 300 μm) and 2 diet forms (i.e., meal or pelleted). Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water. Twenty-four castrated male pigs (initial weight: 29.52 kg; standard diviation: 1.40) were allotted to the 6 diets using a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 calorimeter chambers (i.e., 4 pigs/chamber) and 6 periods. Oxygen consumption and CO2 and CH4 productions were measured during fed and fasting states and fecal and urine samples were collected. RESULTS Regardless of particle size of corn, the ATTD of gross energy (GE), N, and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), and the concentration of NE were greater (P < 0.05) in pelleted diets than in meal diets. Regardless of diet form, the ATTD of GE, N, and AEE, and the concentration of NE were increased (linear; P < 0.05) by reducing the particle size of corn, but the increase was greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets (interaction; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both pelleting and reduction of corn particle size increased nutrient digestibility and NE, but increases were greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su A Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Diego A Rodriguez
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Chad B Paulk
- Department of Grain Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Hans H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Ghorbani M, Kianmehr MH, Sarlaki E, Angelidaki I, Yang Y, Tabatabaei M, Pan J, Aghbashlo M. Ozonation- pelleting of nitrogen-enriched wheat straw: Towards improved pellet properties, enhanced digestibility, and reduced methane emissions. Sci Total Environ 2023:164526. [PMID: 37257609 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The livestock industry needs to use crop straws that are highly digestible to improve feed productivity and reduce ruminal methane emissions. Hence, this study aimed to use the ozonation and pelleting processes to enhance the digestibility and reduce the ruminal methane emissions of wheat straw enriched with two nitrogen sources (i.e., urea and heat-processed broiler litter). Various analyses were conducted on the pellets, including digestibility indicators, mechanical properties, surface chemistry functionalization, chemical-spectral-structural features, and energy requirements. For comparison, loose forms of the samples were also analyzed. The nitrogen-enriched ozonated wheat straw pellets had 43.06 % lower lignin, 28.30 % higher gas production for 24 h, 12.28 % higher metabolizable energy, 13.78 % higher in vitro organic matter digestibility for 24 h, and 28.81 % higher short-chain fatty acid content than the nitrogen-enriched loose sample. The reduction of methane emissions by rumen microorganisms of nitrogen-enriched wheat straw by ozonation, pelleting, and ozonation-pelleting totaled 89.15 %, 23.35 %, and 66.98 %, respectively. The ozonation process resulted in a 64 % increase in the particle density, a 5.5-time increase in the tensile strength, and a 75 % increase in the crushing energy of nitrogen-enriched wheat straw. In addition, ozone treatment could also reduce the specific and thermal energy consumption required in the pelleting process by 15.10 % and 7.61 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ghorbani
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Agrotechnology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Sarlaki
- Department of Agrotechnology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yadong Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, India; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Junting Pan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
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Cardoso DM, Cardeal PC, Soares KR, Sousa LS, Castro FLS, Araújo ICS, Lara LJC. Feed form and nutritional level for rearing growing broilers in thermoneutral or heat stress environments. J Therm Biol 2022; 103:103159. [PMID: 35027203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different physical forms of feed and feeding programs on nutrient digestibility and performance of grower-finisher broilers under thermoneutrality or thermal stress. Three experiments were conducted using male broiler chickens (n = 720) aged 19-42 d. The design of two of the experiments was fully randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two forms of feed (mash and pellet) and two nutritional levels (13.19 MJ/kg and 194.8 g/kg CP - normal level and 13.61 MJ/kg and 210.3 g/kg CP - high level). The experiments took place in a climate-controlled room: Experiment 1 at thermoneutrality (21-23 °C and 58-60% relative humidity) for 24 h/day; Experiment 2 under thermal stress cycle (31-32 °C and 63-65% relative humidity), for 6h/day and thermoneutrality (21-23 °C, 58-60% relative humidity) for 18h/day. The nutrient digestibility and performance was analyzed. The design of the third experiment was fully randomized with two ambient condition treatments (thermoneutral and thermal stress) on heat production, caloric increment and net energy. Pellet feed obtained higher digestibility of dry matter, digestibility of crude protein, AME and AMEn (P < 0.05) than mash feed for broilers reared in the thermoneutral environment. At the high nutritional level there was no effect of treatments on the coefficient of dry matter and crude protein (DCCP) (P > 0.05), while the highest digestibility of AME and AMEn were obtained by the high nutritional level diet (P < 0.05). Pellet feed had higher DCCP (P < 0.05) than mash feed for broilers reared under cyclic heat stress. Broiler chickens under cyclic stress experienced increased caloric increment, rectal temperature and respiratory rate. The appropriate strategy to minimize these effects in both ambient conditions is to pellet feed.
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Avetyan D, Chavushyan A, Ghazaryan H, Melkonyan A, Stepanyan A, Zakharyan R, Hayrapetyan V, Atshemyan S, Khachatryan G, Sirunyan T, Davitavyan S, Martirosyan G, Melik-Andreasyan G, Sargsyan S, Ghazazyan A, Aleksanyan N, Yin X, Arakelyan A. SARS-CoV-2 detection by extraction-free qRT-PCR for massive and rapid COVID-19 diagnosis during a pandemic in Armenia. J Virol Methods 2021; 295:114199. [PMID: 34091213 PMCID: PMC8175123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted the healthcare and economy on a global scale. It is widely recognized that mass testing is an efficient way to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as aid in the development of informed policies for disease management. However, the current COVID-19 worldwide infection rates increased the demand for rapid and reliable screening of infection. We compared the performance of qRT-PCR in direct heat-inactivated (H), heat-inactivated and pelleted (HC) samples against RNA in a group of 74 subjects (44 positive and 30 negative). Then we compared the sensitivity of HC in a larger group of 196 COVID-19 positive samples. Our study suggests that HC samples show higher accuracy for SARS-CoV-2 detection PCR assay compared to direct H (89 % vs 83 % of the detection in RNA). The sensitivity of detection using direct samples varied depending on the sample transport and storage media as well as the viral loads (as measured by qRT-PCR Ct levels). Altogether, all the data suggest that purified RNA provides more accurate results, however, direct sample testing with qRT-PCR may help to significantly increase testing capacity. Switching to the direct sample testing is justified if the number of tests is doubled at least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Avetyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia; Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, 0051, Armenia.
| | - Andranik Chavushyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
| | - Hovsep Ghazaryan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
| | - Ani Melkonyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
| | - Ani Stepanyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
| | - Roksana Zakharyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia; Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, 0051, Armenia
| | - Varduhi Hayrapetyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
| | - Sofi Atshemyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
| | - Gisane Khachatryan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia; Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, 0051, Armenia
| | - Tamara Sirunyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia; Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, 0051, Armenia
| | - Suren Davitavyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia; Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, 0051, Armenia
| | - Gevorg Martirosyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia; Davidyants Laboratories, Yerevan, 0054, Armenia
| | - Gayane Melik-Andreasyan
- National Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health RA, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Shushan Sargsyan
- National Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health RA, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Armine Ghazazyan
- National Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health RA, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Naira Aleksanyan
- National Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health RA, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Xiushan Yin
- Applied Biology Laboratory, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China; Biotech & Biomedicine Science (Shenyang)Co. Ltd, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Arsen Arakelyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
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Paës C, Aymard P, Debrusse AM, Laperruque F, Bannelier C, Bébin K, Duperray J, Gohier C, Guené-Grand E, Rebours G, Gidenne T, Fortun-Lamothe L, Combes S. Data set on early feed intake and growth performances of rabbits fed during the suckling period with pellets differing in diameter or compression rate using a double-choice testing design. Data Brief 2020; 29:105196. [PMID: 32071976 PMCID: PMC7013332 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning is a critical period for the health of rabbits, with a high sensitivity to digestive diseases. Allowing early consumption of solid feed in the nest of the suckling rabbit could help to maintain its health around weaning. In general, previous studies have focused on feed intake of rabbits when they are able to leave the nest, i.e. around 16 days. Herein, we provide a unique dataset of the dynamics of the onset of feed intake in suckling rabbits from 8 days to weaning. We quantified the solid feed intake behaviour and determined the dietary preferences for pellets according to their physical properties using nine pellets differing in diameter or compression rate. Additionally to the data provided in Paës et al. [1] we provide (i) the description of the nine pellets processing (ii) the description of the 3 point-scale system for nest quality evaluation, (iii) details on the device used to provide pellets in the nest, (iv) milk intake data and milk intake curve calculation and (v) pellet intake data according to physical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Paës
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse INP, 31320 Castanet Tolosan, France.,CCPA, ZA du Bois de Teillay, 35150 Janzé, France
| | - Patrick Aymard
- INRAE, UE1322 PECTOUL, 24 Chemin de Borde-Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Anne-Marie Debrusse
- INRAE, UE1322 PECTOUL, 24 Chemin de Borde-Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - François Laperruque
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse INP, 31320 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Carole Bannelier
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse INP, 31320 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Karine Bébin
- CCPA, ZA du Bois de Teillay, 35150 Janzé, France
| | - Joël Duperray
- EVIALIS, Lieu dit Talhouët, 56250 Saint Nolff, France
| | - Charly Gohier
- MiXscience, 2 avenue de Ker Lann, 35170 Bruz, France
| | | | - Gwénaël Rebours
- TECHNA, Route de St-Étienne-de-Montluc, 44220 Couëron, France
| | - Thierry Gidenne
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse INP, 31320 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Sylvie Combes
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse INP, 31320 Castanet Tolosan, France
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Yang YY, Fan YF, Cao YH, Guo PP, Dong B, Ma YX. Effects of exogenous phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, and pelleting on nutrient digestibility, available energy content of wheat and performance of growing pigs fed wheat-based diets. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 30:57-63. [PMID: 27004820 PMCID: PMC5205592 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of adding exogenous phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, as well as pelleting on nutrient digestibility, available energy content of wheat and the performance of growing pigs fed wheat-based diets. METHODS In Experiment 1, forty-eight barrows with an initial body weight of 35.9±0.6 kg were randomly assigned to a 2×4 factorial experiment with the main effects being feed form (pellet vs meal) and enzyme supplementation (none, 10,000 U/kg phytase, 4,000 U/kg xylanase or 10,000 U/kg phytase plus 4,000 U/kg xylanase). The basal diet contained 97.8% wheat. Pigs were placed in metabolic cages for a 7-d adaptation period followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine. Nutrient digestibility and available energy content were determined. Experiment 2 was conducted to evaluate the effects of pelleting and enzymes on performance of wheat for growing pigs. In this experiment, 180 growing pigs (35.2±9.0 kg BW) were allocated to 1 of 6 treatments according to a 2×3 factorial treatment arrangement with the main effects being feed form (meal vs pellet) and enzyme supplementation (0, 2,500 or 5,000 U/kg xylanase). RESULTS In Experiment 1, there were no interactions between feed form and enzyme supplementation. Pelleting reduced the digestibility of acid detergent fiber (ADF) by 6.4 percentage units (p<0.01), increased the digestibility of energy by 0.6 percentage units (p<0.05), and tended to improve the digestibility of crude protein by 0.5 percentage units (p = 0.07) compared with diets in mash form. The addition of phytase improved the digestibility of phosphorus (p<0.01) and calcium (p<0.01) by 6.9 and 7.6 percentage units respectively compared with control group. Adding xylanase tended to increase the digestibility of crude protein by 1.0 percentage units (p = 0.09) and increased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p<0.01) compared with control group. Supplementation of the xylanase-phytase combination improved the digestibility of phosphorus (p<0.01) but impaired NDF digestibility (p<0.05) compared with adding xylanase alone. In Experiment 2, adding xylanase increased average daily gain (p<0.01) and linearly improved the feed:gain ratio (p<0.01) compared with control group. CONCLUSION Pelleting improved energy digestibility but decreased ADF digestibility. Adding xylanase increased crude protein digestibility and pig performance. Phytase increased the apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus and calcium. The combination of phytase-xylanase supplementation impaired the effects of xylanase on NDF digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Y F Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Y H Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - P P Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - B Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Y X Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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