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Arkat S, Poovitha S, Vijayakumar A, Dhat R, Sitasawad SL, Mahapatra NR. Regulation of peroxiredoxin-3 gene expression under basal and hyperglycemic conditions: Key roles for transcription factors Sp1, CREB and NF-κB. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166691. [PMID: 36933848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin-3 (Prx-3), a thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase located exclusively in the mitochondrial matrix, catalyses peroxides/peroxinitrites. Altered levels of Prx-3 is associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, molecular mechanisms of Prx-3 gene regulation remain partially understood. We undertook a systemic analysis of the Prx-3 gene to identify the key motifs and transcriptional regulatory molecules. Transfection of promoter-reporter constructs in the cultured cells identified -191/+20 bp domain as the core promoter region. Stringent in silico analysis of this core promoter revealed putative binding sites for specificity protein 1 (Sp1), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Interestingly, while co-transfection of the -191/+20 bp construct with Sp1/CREB plasmid diminished Prx3 promoter-reporter activity, mRNA and protein levels, co-transfection with NF-κB expression plasmid augmented the same. Consistently, inhibition of Sp1/CREB/NF-κB expression reversed the promoter-reporter activity, mRNA and protein levels of Prx-3, thereby confirming their regulatory effects. ChIP assays provided evidence for interactions of Sp1/CREB/NF-κB with the Prx-3 promoter. H9c2 cells treated with high glucose as well as streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats showed time-dependent reduction in promoter activity, endogenous transcript and protein levels of Prx-3. Augmentation of Sp1/CREB protein levels and their strong binding with Prx-3 promoter are responsible for diminished Prx-3 levels under hyperglycemia. The activation/increase in the NF-κB expression under hyperglycemia was not sufficient to restore the reduction of endogenous Prx-3 levels owing to its weak binding affinity. Taken together, this study elucidates the previously unknown roles of Sp1/CREB/NF-κB in regulating Prx-3 gene expression under hyperglycemic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpa Arkat
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sundar Poovitha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Anupama Vijayakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Rohini Dhat
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S.P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandhya L Sitasawad
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S.P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitish R Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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Li H, Wang Z, Xie X, Luo M, Shen H, Li X, Li H, Wang Z, Li X, Chen G. Peroxiredoxin-3 plays a neuroprotective role in early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Brain Res Bull 2023; 193:95-105. [PMID: 36566946 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a type of hemorrhagic stroke, is a neurological emergency associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. After SAH, early brain injury (EBI) is the leading cause of poor prognosis in SAH patients. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are a family of sulphhydryl-dependent peroxidases. Peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3) is mainly located in the mitochondria of neurons, which can remove hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); however, the effect of PRDX3 on EBI after SAH remains unclear. In this study, an endovascular perforation model was used to mimic SAH in Sprague Dawley rats in vivo. The results revealed that after SAH, PRDX3 levels decreased in the neurons. PRDX3 overexpression by neuron-specific adeno-associated viruses upregulated PRDX3 levels. Furthermore, PRDX3 overexpression improved long- and short-term behavioral outcomes and alleviated neuronal impairment in rats. Nissl staining revealed that the upregulation of PRDX3 promoted cortical neuron survival. PRDX3 overexpression decreased the H2O2 content and downregulated caspase-9 expression. In conclusion, PRDX3 participates in neuronal protection by inhibiting the neuronal mitochondria-mediated death pathway; PRDX3 may be an important target for EBI intervention after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Zongqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Xueshun Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Muyun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Karunakaran U, Elumalai S, Moon JS, Won KC. CD36 dependent redoxosomes promotes ceramide-mediated pancreatic β-cell failure via p66Shc activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:505-515. [PMID: 30735834 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Altered metabolism is implicated in the pathogenesis of beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Plasma and tissue levels of ceramide species play positive roles in inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in T2D. However, oxidative targets and mechanisms underlying ceramide signaling are unclear. We investigated the role of CD36-dependent redoxosome (redox-active endosome), a membrane-based signaling agent, in ceramide-induced beta-cell dysfunction and failure. Exposure of beta cells to C2-ceramide (N-acetyl-sphingosine) induced a CD36-dependent non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src-mediated redoxosome (Vav2-Rac1-NOX) formation. Activated Rac1-GTP-NADPH oxidase complex induced c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and nuclear factor (NF)-kB transcription, which was associated with thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) upregulation and thioredoxin activity suppression. Upregulated JNK expression induced p66Shc serine36 phosphorylation and peroxiredoxin-3 hyperoxidation, causing beta-cell apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction. CD36 inhibition by sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate (SSO) or CD36 siRNA blocked C2-ceramide-induced redoxosome activation, thereby decreasing JNK-dependent p66Shc serine36 phosphorylation. CD36 inhibition downregulated TXNIP expression and promoted thioredoxin activity via enhanced thioredoxin reductase activity, which prevented peroxiredoxin-3 oxidation. CD36 inhibition potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and prevented beta-cell apoptosis. Our results reveal a new role of CD36 during early molecular events that lead to Src-mediated redoxosome activation, which contributes to ceramide-induced pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayakumar Karunakaran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Suma Elumalai
- Institute of Medical Science, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Chang Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Medical Science, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Jin Y, Yang Q, Liang L, Ding L, Liang Y, Zhang D, Wu B, Yang T, Liu H, Huang T, Shen H, Tu H, Pan Y, Wei Y, Yang Y, Zhou F. Compound kushen injection suppresses human acute myeloid leukaemia by regulating the Prdxs/ROS/Trx1 signalling pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:277. [PMID: 30454068 PMCID: PMC6245615 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients has been previously described; thus, it is important to regulate ROS levels in AML. METHODS Flow cytometry were used to assess the in vitro effect of compound kushen injection (CKI). Quantitative proteomics were used to analyse the mechanism. The AML patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model were used to evaluate the in vivo effect of CKI. RESULTS We found that intracellular ROS levels in AML cells were decreased, the antioxidant capacity were increased when treated with CKI. CKI inhibited the proliferation of AML cells and enhanced the cytotoxicity of AML cells, which has few toxic effects on haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and T cells. At the single-cell level, individual AML cells died gradually by CKI treatment on optofluidic chips. CKI promoted apoptosis and arrested cell cycle at G1/G0 phase in U937 cells. Furthermore, higher peroxiredoxin-3 (Prdx3) expression levels were identified in CKI-treated U937 cells through quantitative proteomics detection. Mechanically, the expression of Prdx3 and peroxiredoxin-2 (Prdx2) was up-regulated in CKI-treated AML cells, while thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) was reduced. Laser confocal microscopy showed that the proteins Prdx2 could be Interacted with Trx1 by CKI treatment. In vivo, the survival was longer and the disease was partially alleviated by decreased CD45+ immunophenotyping in peripheral blood in the CKI-treated group in the AML PDX model. CONCLUSIONS Antioxidant CKI possess better clinical application against AML through the Prdxs/ROS/Trx1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Jin
- Department of Haematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Haematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Haematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuxing Liang
- Department of Haematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Haematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Balu Wu
- Department of Haematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Hailing Liu
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Haematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Haematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Honglei Tu
- Department of Haematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yunbao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yongchang Wei
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Haematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China.
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Olson DH, Burrill JS, Kuzmicic J, Hahn WS, Park JM, Kim DH, Bernlohr DA. Down regulation of Peroxiredoxin-3 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes leads to oxidation of Rictor in the mammalian-target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1311-1317. [PMID: 28986255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrially-derived oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance and is correlated with down regulation of Peroxiredoxin-3 (Prdx3). Prdx3 knockout mice exhibit whole-body insulin resistance, while Prdx3 transgenic animals remain insulin sensitive when placed on a high fat diet. To define the molecular events linking mitochondrial oxidative stress to insulin action, Prdx3 was silenced in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (Prdx3 KD) and the resultant cells evaluated for mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) and insulin signaling. Prdx3 KD cells exhibit a two-fold increase in H2O2, reduced insulin-stimulated glucose transport and attenuated S473 phosphorylation of the mTORC2 substrate, Akt. Importantly, the decrease in glucose uptake can be rescued by pre-treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). The changes in insulin sensitivity occur independently from activation of the ER stress or mtUPR pathways. Analysis of mTORC2, the complex responsible for phosphorylating Akt at S473, reveals increased cysteine oxidation of Rictor in Prdx3 KD cells that can be rescued with NAC. Taken together, these data suggest mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes may attenuate insulin signaling via oxidation of the mammalian-target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalay H Olson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joel S Burrill
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jovan Kuzmicic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wendy S Hahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ji-Man Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Lee S, Wi SM, Min Y, Lee KY. Peroxiredoxin-3 Is Involved in Bactericidal Activity through the Regulation of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species. Immune Netw 2016; 16:373-380. [PMID: 28035213 PMCID: PMC5195847 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.6.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin-3 (Prdx3) is a mitochondrial protein of the thioredoxin family of antioxidant peroxidases and is the principal peroxidase responsible for metabolizing mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide. Recent reports have shown that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) contribute to macrophage-mediated bactericidal activity in response to Toll-like receptors. Herein, we investigated the functional effect of Prdx3 in bactericidal activity. The mitochondrial localization of Prdx3 in HEK293T cells was confirmed by cell fractionation and confocal microscopy analyses. To investigate the functional role of Prdx3 in bactericidal activity, Prdx3-knockdown (Prdx3KD) THP-1 cells were generated. The mROS levels in Prdx3KD THP-1 cells were significantly higher than those in control THP-1 cells. Moreover, the mROS levels were markedly increased in response to lipopolysaccharide. Notably, the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection assay revealed that the Prdx3KD THP-1 cells were significantly resistant to S. Typhimurium infection, as compared with control THP-1 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that Prdx3 is functionally important in bactericidal activity through the regulation of mROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sae Mi Wi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yoon Min
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
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7
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Arkat S, Umbarkar P, Singh S, Sitasawad SL. Mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin-3 protects against hyperglycemia induced myocardial damage in Diabetic cardiomyopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:489-500. [PMID: 27393003 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative stress has emerged as a key contributor towards the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Peroxiredoxin-3 (Prx-3), a mitochondrial antioxidant, scavenges H2O2 and offers protection against ROS related pathologies. We observed a decrease in the expression of Prx-3 in the hearts of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats, and also high glucose treated H9c2 cardiac cells, which may augment oxidative stress mediated damage. Hence we hypothesized that overexpression of Prx-3 could prevent the cardiac damage associated with diabetes. In this study we used quercetin (QUE) to achieve Prx-3 induction in vivo, while a Prx-3 overexpressing H9c2 cell line was employed for carrying out in vitro studies. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Quercetin (50mg/kg body weight) was delivered orally to hyperglycemic and age matched control rats for 2 months. Quercetin treatment induced the myocardial expression of Prx-3 but not Prx-5 both in control and STZ rats. Prx-3 induction by quercetin prevented diabetes induced oxidative stress as confirmed by decrease in expression of markers such as 4-HNE and mitochondrial uncoupling protein, UCP-3. It was also successful in reducing cardiac cell apoptosis, hypertrophy and fibrosis leading to amelioration of cardiac contractility defects. Overexpression of Prx-3 in cultured H9c2 cardiac cells could significantly diminish high glucose inflicted mitochondrial oxidative damage and apoptosis, thus strengthening our hypothesis. These results suggest that diabetes induced cardiomyopathy can be prevented by elevating Prx-3 levels thereby providing extensive protection to the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpa Arkat
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S.P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S.P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Sarojini Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S.P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Sandhya L Sitasawad
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S.P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India.
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Myers CR. Enhanced targeting of mitochondrial peroxide defense by the combined use of thiosemicarbazones and inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 91:81-92. [PMID: 26686468 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin-3 (Prx3) accounts for about 90% of mitochondrial peroxidase activity, and its marked upregulation in many cancers is important for cell survival. Prx3 oxidation can critically alter peroxide signaling and defense and can be a seminal event in promoting cell death. Here it is shown that this mechanism can be exploited pharmacologically by combinations of clinically available drugs that compromise Prx3 function in different ways. Clinically relevant levels of the thiosemicarbazone iron chelators triapine (Tp) and 2,2'-Dipyridyl-N,N-dimethylsemicarbazone (Dp44mT) promote selective oxidation of mitochondrial Prx3, but not cytosolic Prx1, in multiple human lung and ovarian cancer lines. Decreased cell survival closely correlates with Prx3 oxidation. However, Prx3 oxidation is not merely an indicator of cell death as cytotoxic concentrations of cisplatin do not cause Prx3 oxidation. The siRNA-mediated suppression of either Prx3 or thioredoxin-2, which supports Prx3, enhances Tp's cytotoxicity. Tp-mediated Prx3 oxidation is driven by enhanced peroxide generation, but not by nitric oxide. Many tumors overexpress thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) which supports Prx activity. Direct inhibitors of TrxR (e.g. auranofin, cisplatin) markedly enhanced Tp's cytotoxicity, and auranofin enhanced Prx3 oxidation by low dose Tp. Together, these results support an important role for Prx3 oxidation in the cytotoxicity of Tp, and demonstrate that TrxR inhibitors can significantly enhance Tp's cytotoxicity. Thiosemicarbazone-based regimens could prove effective for targeting Prx3 in a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Ranjan M, Gruber J, Ng LF, Halliwell B. Repression of the mitochondrial peroxiredoxin antioxidant system does not shorten life span but causes reduced fitness in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 63:381-9. [PMID: 23722165 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial free radical theory of aging proposes that aging is a consequence of progressive mitochondrial dysfunction caused by lifelong accumulation of oxidative damage. Aging is therefore expected to accelerate if the rate of this oxidative damage accumulation increases. Studies attempting to test this prediction through modulation of oxidative damage by altering antioxidant defenses have reported conflicting results. Here we investigated the effects of repressing prdx-3, responsible for the detoxification of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide, in developmentally normal wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans. We report that life span and levels of oxidative protein damage were not altered when prdx-3 was repressed in adult nematodes. We further found evidence that mitochondrial uncoupling increased in response to repression of prdx-3. Nevertheless repression of prdx-3 led to reductions in steady-state levels of ATP, motility, and brood size, indicating the importance of this enzyme to normal life in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manickaratnam Ranjan
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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