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Bierut LJ, Hendershot TP, Benowitz NL, Cummings KM, Mermelstein RJ, Piper ME, Vrieze SI, Wagener TL, Nelms MD, Ives C, Maiese D, Hamilton CM, Swan GE. Smoking cessation, harm reduction, and biomarkers protocols in the PhenX Toolkit: Tools for standardized data collection. Addict Neurosci 2023; 7:100081. [PMID: 38645895 PMCID: PMC11027214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The use of standard protocols in studies supports consistent data collection, improves data quality, and facilitates cross-study analyses. Funded by the National Institutes of Health, the PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) Toolkit is a catalog of recommended measurement protocols that address a wide range of research topics and are suitable for inclusion in a variety of study designs. In 2020, a PhenX Working Group of smoking cessation experts followed a well-established consensus process to identify and recommend measurement protocols suitable for inclusion in smoking cessation and smoking harm reduction studies. The broader scientific community was invited to review and provide feedback on the preliminary recommendation of the Working Group. Fourteen selected protocols for measuring smoking cessation, harm reduction, and biomarkers research associated with smoking cessation were released in the PhenX Toolkit ( https://www.phenxtoolkit.org) in February 2021. These protocols complement existing PhenX Toolkit content related to tobacco regulatory research, substance use and addiction research, and other measures of smoking-related health outcomes. Adopting well-established protocols enables consistent data collection and facilitates comparing and combining data across studies, potentially increasing the scientific impact of individual studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jean Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine of St. Louis, 660 South Euclid, Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tabitha P. Hendershot
- RTI International, Center for GenOmics, Bioinformatics and Translational Research, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Neal L. Benowitz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K. Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Megan E. Piper
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott I. Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Theodore L. Wagener
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark D. Nelms
- RTI International, Center for GenOmics, Bioinformatics and Translational Research, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Cataia Ives
- RTI International, Center for GenOmics, Bioinformatics and Translational Research, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Deborah Maiese
- RTI International, Center for GenOmics, Bioinformatics and Translational Research, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Carol M. Hamilton
- RTI International, Center for GenOmics, Bioinformatics and Translational Research, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Gary E. Swan
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Morton CC, Marazita ML, Peter B, Rice ML, Kraft SJ, Barkmeier‐Kraemer J, Balaban C, Phillips M, Schoden J, Maiese D, Hendershot T, Hamilton CM. Tools for standardized data collection: Speech, Language, and Hearing measurement protocols in the PhenX Toolkit. Ann Hum Genet 2022; 86:45-51. [PMID: 34582045 PMCID: PMC8725989 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The PhenX Toolkit (https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/) is an online catalog of recommended measurement protocols to facilitate cross-study analyses for biomedical research. An expert review panel (ERP) reviewed and updated the PhenX Toolkit Speech and Hearing domain to improve the precision and consistency of speech, language, and hearing disorder phenotypes. A three-member ERP convened in August 2018 to review the measurement protocols in the PhenX Speech and Hearing domain. Aided by three additional experts in voice assessment, vertigo, and stuttering, the ERP updated the 28 protocols to reflect the latest science and technology. ERP recommendations include six new protocols, five updated protocols (from the same source), and one retired protocol. New additions include two voice-related, three hearing-related, and two speech-related protocols. Additions reflect new phone/tablet applications for hearing and language, and clinical evaluations of voice. "Language" was added to the domain name, which is now "Speech, Language, and Hearing," to represent language-related protocols. These protocols can facilitate the assessment of speech, language, and hearing in clinical and population research. Common data elements (i.e., use of the same variables across studies) used by geneticists, otolaryngologists, audiologists, speech-language pathologists, and in other disciplines can lead to cross-study data integration and increased statistical power when studies are combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia C. Morton
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Deborah Maiese
- RTI InternationalResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA
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Malinowski AK, Ananth CV, Catalano P, Hines EP, Kirby RS, Klebanoff MA, Mulvihill JJ, Simhan H, Hamilton CM, Hendershot TP, Phillips MJ, Kilpatrick LA, Maiese DR, Ramos EM, Wright RJ, Dolan SM. Research standardization tools: pregnancy measures in the PhenX Toolkit. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 217:249-262. [PMID: 28578176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Only through concerted and well-executed research endeavors can we gain the requisite knowledge to advance pregnancy care and have a positive impact on maternal and newborn health. Yet the heterogeneity inherent in individual studies limits our ability to compare and synthesize study results, thus impeding the capacity to draw meaningful conclusions that can be trusted to inform clinical care. The PhenX Toolkit (http://www.phenxtoolkit.org), supported since 2007 by the National Institutes of Health, is a web-based catalog of standardized protocols for measuring phenotypes and exposures relevant for clinical research. In 2016, a working group of pregnancy experts recommended 15 measures for the PhenX Toolkit that are highly relevant to pregnancy research. The working group followed the established PhenX consensus process to recommend protocols that are broadly validated, well established, nonproprietary, and have a relatively low burden for investigators and participants. The working group considered input from the pregnancy experts and the broader research community and included measures addressing the mode of conception, gestational age, fetal growth assessment, prenatal care, the mode of delivery, gestational diabetes, behavioral and mental health, and environmental exposure biomarkers. These pregnancy measures complement the existing measures for other established domains in the PhenX Toolkit, including reproductive health, anthropometrics, demographic characteristics, and alcohol, tobacco, and other substances. The preceding domains influence a woman's health during pregnancy. For each measure, the PhenX Toolkit includes data dictionaries and data collection worksheets that facilitate incorporation of the protocol into new or existing studies. The measures within the pregnancy domain offer a valuable resource to investigators and clinicians and are well poised to facilitate collaborative pregnancy research with the goal to improve patient care. To achieve this aim, investigators whose work includes the perinatal population are encouraged to utilize the PhenX Toolkit in the design and implementation of their studies, thus potentially reducing heterogeneity in data measures across studies. Such an effort will enhance the overall impact of individual studies, increasing the ability to draw more meaningful conclusions that can then be translated into clinical practice.
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