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Lu MY, Fang CY, Hsieh PL, Liao YW, Tsai LL, Yu CC. miR-509 inhibits cancer stemness properties in oral carcinomas via directly targeting PlK1. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:653-658. [PMID: 35756764 PMCID: PMC9201550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Oral cancer is one of the common cancers worldwide. Emerging evidence has indicated that microRNAs (non-coding RNA molecules of approximately 22 nucleotides in length) are implicated in the regulation of cancer stemness. However, the functional role of microRNA-509 (miR-509) in the characteristics of oral cancer stem cells (CSCs) has not been unraveled. Materials and methods The expression level of miR-509 in ALDH1+ and sphere oral CSCs was examined by qRT-PCR. The aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) activity and CD44 expression were assessed using flow cytometry. Self-renewal, transwell migration, and colony formation assays were conducted to measure the CSC phenotypes. Besides, a luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the direct interaction between miR-509 and its target polo-like kinase 1 (plk1). Results We showed the expression of miR-509 was downregulated in the CSCs derived from oral cancer cells (SAS), and upregulation of miR-509 diminished the several CSCs features, including ALDH1 activity, self-renewal capacity, CD44 expression, migration, and colony-forming abilities. Moreover, the result from the luciferase reporter assay validated the direct binding of miR-509 to plk1. Conclusion Our results suggest that the miR-509/plk1 axis may mediate the cancer stemness in oral cancer, and targeting this axis may attenuate the progression of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Lu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Fang
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lo-Lin Tsai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Education and Research, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Li Z, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Tang S, Lin T, Huang J, Li B, Jiang C. Design, synthesis and evaluation of d-amino acid-containing peptidomimetics targeting the polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:534-540. [PMID: 30807896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of d-amino acid-containing peptidomimetics were designed, synthesized as novel polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) polo-box domain (PBD) inhibitors based on the reported peptide Plk1 PBD inhibitor. Their inhibitory activity to Plk1, Plk2, and Plk3 PBD were evaluated using our fluorescence polarization (FP) assay. Compound 18 bound to Plk1 PBD with IC50 of 0.80 μM and showed nearly no inhibition to Plk2 PBD or Plk3 PBD at 100 μM. Compound 18 induced Hela cells to undergo apoptosis by increasing the ratio of the cells at the G2/M phase by decreasing the neosynthesized proteins in a dose-dependent manner from 50 to 150 μM. Compound 18 showed improved stability in rat plasma compared to l-peptide inhibitor LHSpTA. These novel d-amino acid modified selective Plk1 PBD inhibitors may provide new lead compounds for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shijun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tongyuan Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingfang Huang
- Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Chen Y, Li Z, Liu Y, Lin T, Sun H, Yang D, Jiang C. Identification of novel and selective non-peptide inhibitors targeting the polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:278-288. [PMID: 30170276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of non-peptide inhibitors targeting the polo-box domain (PBD) of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) was designed based on the potent and selective minimal tripeptide Plk1 PBD inhibitor. Seven compounds were designed, synthesized and evaluated for fluorescence polarization (FP) assay. The most promising compound 10 bound to Plk1 PBD with IC50 of 3.37 μM and had no binding to Plk2 PBD or Plk3 PBD at 100 μM. Molecular docking study was performed and possible binding mode was proposed. MM/GBSA binding free energy calculation were in agreement with the observed experimental results. These novel non-peptide selective Plk1 PBD inhibitors provided new lead compounds for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhiyan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tongyuan Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huiyong Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dasong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Benada J, Burdová K, Lidak T, von Morgen P, Macurek L. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibits DNA damage response during mitosis. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:219-31. [PMID: 25607646 PMCID: PMC4613155 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.977067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to genotoxic stress, cells protect their genome integrity by activation of a conserved DNA damage response (DDR) pathway that coordinates DNA repair and progression through the cell cycle. Extensive modification of the chromatin flanking the DNA lesion by ATM kinase and RNF8/RNF168 ubiquitin ligases enables recruitment of various repair factors. Among them BRCA1 and 53BP1 are required for homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining, respectively. Whereas mechanisms of DDR are relatively well understood in interphase cells, comparatively less is known about organization of DDR during mitosis. Although ATM can be activated in mitotic cells, 53BP1 is not recruited to the chromatin until cells exit mitosis. Here we report mitotic phosphorylation of 53BP1 by Plk1 and Cdk1 that impairs the ability of 53BP1 to bind the ubiquitinated H2A and to properly localize to the sites of DNA damage. Phosphorylation of 53BP1 at S1618 occurs at kinetochores and in cytosol and is restricted to mitotic cells. Interaction between 53BP1 and Plk1 depends on the activity of Cdk1. We propose that activity of Cdk1 and Plk1 allows spatiotemporally controlled suppression of 53BP1 function during mitosis.
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Key Words
- 53BP1
- 53BP1, p53 binding protein 1
- ATM, ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase
- BRCA1, breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein
- Cdk, cyclin dependent kinase
- DDR, DNA damage response
- DNA damage response
- H2AX, histone variant H2AX
- IR – ionizing radiation
- MDC1, mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1
- NCS – neocarzinostatin
- NZ – nocodazole
- PTIP, PAX transactivation activation domain-interacting protein
- Plk1, Polo-like kinase 1
- Polo like kinase 1
- RIF1, Rap1-interacting factor 1 homolog
- RNAi, RNA interference
- RNF168, RING finger protein 168
- RNF8, RING finger protein 8
- mitosis
- phosphorylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Benada
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Burdová
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Lidak
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick von Morgen
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Macurek
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based therapeutics are an emerging class of drugs that hold the promise for silencing "un-druggable" targets,thus creating unique opportunities for innovative medicines. As opposed to gene therapy, oligonucleotides are considered to be more akin to small molecule therapeutics because they are small,completely synthetic in origin, do not integrate into the host genome,and have a defined duration of therapeutic activity after which effects recover to baseline. They offer a high degree of specificity at the genetic level, thereby reducing off-target effects.At the same time, they provide a strategy for targeting any gene in the genome, including transcripts that produce mutated proteins.Oligonucleotide-based therapeutics include short interfering RNA (siRNA), that degrade target mRNA through RISC mediated RNAi; anti-miRs, that target miRNAs; miRNA mimics, that regulate target mRNA; antisense oligonucleotides, that may be working through RNAseH mediated mRNA decay; mRNA upregulation,by targeting long non-coding RNAs; and oligonucleotides induced alternative splicing [1]. All these approaches require some minimal degree of homology at the nucleic acid sequence level for them to be functional. The different mechanisms of action and their relevant activity are outlined in Fig. 1. Besides homology,RNA secondary structure has also been exploited in the case of ribozymes and aptamers, which act by binding to nucleic acids or proteins, respectively. While there have been many reports of gene knockdown and gene modulation in cell lines and mice with all these methods, very few have advanced to clinical stages.The main obstacle to date has been the safe and effective intracellular delivery of these compounds in higher species, including humans. Indeed, their action requires direct interaction with DNA/RNA within the target cell so even when one solves the issues of tissue and cellular access, intracellular/intranuclear location represents yet another barrier to overcome. To date,hepatic delivery of oligonucleotides has been the area with greatest progress, and thus we have focused on liver-targeted therapeutics that have shown promise at the preclinical and/or clinical level.The liver is the largest internal organ in the body, playing a central role in metabolism, detoxification, synthesis, and secretion of major plasma proteins (carrier proteins, coagulation factors,complement components, hormones, and apolipoproteins),and iron homeostasis. It is therefore not surprising that a large number of disease targets reside in the liver where they are susceptible to modulation by oligonucleotide therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfica Sehgal
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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