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Schär RT, Branca M, Raabe A, Jesse CM. Utility of the LACE index to assess risk of mortality and readmission in patients with spinal infections. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:163. [PMID: 38627274 PMCID: PMC11021225 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Retrospective cohort study. To assess the utility of the LACE index for predicting death and readmission in patients with spinal infections (SI). SIs are severe conditions, and their incidence has increased in recent years. The LACE (Length of stay, Acuity of admission, Comorbidities, Emergency department visits) index quantifies the risk of mortality or unplanned readmission. It has not yet been validated for SIs. LACE indices were calculated for all adult patients who underwent surgery for spinal infection between 2012 and 2021. Data were collected from a single academic teaching hospital. Outcome measures included the LACE index, mortality, and readmission rate within 30 and 90 days. In total, 164 patients were analyzed. Mean age was 64.6 (± 15.1) years, 73 (45%) were female. Ten (6.1%) patients died within 30 days and 16 (9.8%) died within 90 days after discharge. Mean LACE indices were 13.4 (± 3.6) and 13.8 (± 3.0) for the deceased patients, compared to 11.0 (± 2.8) and 10.8 (± 2.8) for surviving patients (p = 0.01, p < 0.001), respectively. Thirty-seven (22.6%) patients were readmitted ≤ 30 days and 48 (29.3%) were readmitted ≤ 90 days. Readmitted patients had a significantly higher mean LACE index compared to non-readmitted patients (12.9 ± 2.1 vs. 10.6 ± 2.9, < 0.001 and 12.8 ± 2.3 vs. 10.4 ± 2.8, p < 0.001, respectively). ROC analysis for either death or readmission within 30 days estimated a cut-off LACE index of 12.0 points (area under the curve [AUC] 95% CI, 0.757 [0.681-0.833]) with a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 69%. Patients with SI had high LACE indices that were associated with high mortality and readmission rates. The LACE index can be applied to this patient population to predict the risk of early death or unplanned readmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph T Schär
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.
| | - Mattia Branca
- Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Raabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - C Marvin Jesse
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
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2
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Kulikov A, Gruenbaum SE, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Pugnaloni PP, Lubnin A, Bilotta F. Preoperative Risk Assessment Before Elective Craniotomy: Are Aspirin, Arrhythmias, Deep Venous Thromboses, and Hyperglycemia Contraindications to Surgery? World Neurosurg 2024; 186:68-77. [PMID: 38479642 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perioperative risk assessment and stratification before craniotomy is necessary to identify and optimize modifiable risk factors. Due to the high costs of diagnostic testing and concerns for delaying surgery, some have questioned whether and when surgery delays are warranted and supported by the current body of literature. The objective of this scoping review was to evaluate the available evidence on the prognostic value of preoperative risk assessment before anesthesia for elective craniotomy. METHODS In this scoping review, we reviewed 156 papers that assess preoperative risk assessment before elective craniotomy, of which 27 papers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS There is little high-quality evidence to suggest significant risk reduction when 4 common preexisting abnormalities are present: preoperative chronic aspirin therapy, cardiac arrhythmias, deep vein thrombosis, or hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS The risk of delaying craniotomy should ultimately be weighed against the perceived risks associated the patient's comorbid conditions and should be considered on an individualized basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kulikov
- Department of Anesthesiology, Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Shaun E Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.
| | | | - Pier Paolo Pugnaloni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrey Lubnin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Federico Bilotta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Spanjaards M, Borowski F, Supp L, Ubachs R, Lavezzo V, van der Sluis O. A fast in silico model for preoperative risk assessment of paravalvular leakage. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024:10.1007/s10237-024-01816-8. [PMID: 38341820 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In silico simulations can be used to evaluate and optimize the safety, quality, efficacy and applicability of medical devices. Furthermore, in silico modeling is a powerful tool in therapy planning to optimally tailor treatment for each patient. For this purpose, a workflow to perform fast preoperative risk assessment of paravalvular leakage (PVL) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is presented in this paper. To this end, a novel, efficient method is introduced to calculate the regurgitant volume in a simplified, but sufficiently accurate manner. A proof of concept of the method is obtained by comparison of the calculated results with results obtained from in vitro experiments. Furthermore, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are used to validate more complex stenosis scenarios. Comparing the simplified leakage model to CFD simulations reveals its potential for procedure planning and qualitative preoperative risk assessment of PVL. Finally, a 3D device deployment model and the efficient leakage model are combined to showcase the application of the presented leakage model, by studying the effect of stent size and the degree of stenosis on the regurgitant volume. The presented leakage model is also used to visualize the leakage path. To generalize the leakage model to a wide range of clinical applications, further validation on a large cohort of patients is needed to validate the accuracy of the model's prediction under various patient-specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Spanjaards
- Philips Innovation and Strategy, High Tech Campus 34, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Finja Borowski
- Institute for Implant Technology and Biomaterials e.V., Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4, Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Laura Supp
- Institute for Implant Technology and Biomaterials e.V., Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4, Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
| | - René Ubachs
- Philips Innovation and Strategy, High Tech Campus 34, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Lavezzo
- Philips Innovation and Strategy, High Tech Campus 34, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf van der Sluis
- Philips Innovation and Strategy, High Tech Campus 34, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 15, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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4
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Franssen RFW, Berkel AEM, Ten Cate DWG, van der Palen J, van Meeteren NLU, Vogelaar FJ, Slooter G, Klaase JM, Janssen-Heijnen MLG, Bongers BC. A retrospective analysis of the association of effort-independent cardiopulmonary exercise test variables with postoperative complications in patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 409:7. [PMID: 38093118 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-03197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the association of effort-independent variables derived from the preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) with 30-day postoperative complications after elective colorectal surgery. METHODS A multicenter (n=4) retrospective explorative study was performed using data of patients who completed a preoperative CPET and underwent elective colorectal surgery. The preoperative slope of the relation between minute ventilation and carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2-slope) and the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), as well as 30-day postoperative complications, were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to investigate the prognostic value of the relationship between these preoperative CPET-derived effort-independent variables and postoperative complications. RESULTS Data from 102 patients (60.1% males) with a median age of 72.0 (interquartile range 67.8-77.4) years were analyzed. Forty-four patients (43.1%) had one or more postoperative complications (of which 52.3% general and 77.3% surgical complications). Merely 10 (9.8%) patients had a general complication only. In multivariate analysis adjusted for surgical approach (open versus minimally invasive surgery), the VE/VCO2-slope (odds ratio (OR) 1.08, confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.16) and OUES (OR 0.94, CI 0.89-1.00) were statistically significant associated with the occurrence of 30-day postoperative complications. CONCLUSION The effort-independent VE/VCO2-slope and OUES might be used to assist in future preoperative risk assessment and could especially be of added value in patients who are unable or unwilling to deliver a maximal cardiorespiratory effort. Future research should reveal the predictive value of these variables individually and/or in combination with other prognostic (CPET-derived) variables for postoperative complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05331196.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud F W Franssen
- Department of Clinical Physical Therapy, VieCuri Medical Center, Tegelseweg 210, 5912, BL, Venlo, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Annefleur E M Berkel
- Department of Surgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- General Practice, Rijk-Berkel, Hengelo, The Netherlands
| | - David W G Ten Cate
- Department of Surgery, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Job van der Palen
- Department of Epidemiology, Medisch Spectum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Section Cognition, Data and Education, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nico L U van Meeteren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Top Sector Life Sciences & Health, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - F Jeroen Vogelaar
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Slooter
- Department of Surgery, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joost M Klaase
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maryska L G Janssen-Heijnen
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Bart C Bongers
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Roy JM, Bowers CA, Rumalla K, Covell MM, Kazim SF, Schmidt MH. Frailty Indexes in Metastatic Spine Tumor Surgery: A Narrative Review. World Neurosurg 2023; 178:117-122. [PMID: 37499751 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of preoperative frailty is an important prognostic tool in neurosurgical decision making. Metastatic spine tumor patients undergoing surgery are frail and have unfavorable outcomes that include an increased length of stay, unfavorable discharge disposition, and increased readmission rates. These undesirable outcomes result in higher treatment costs. A heterogeneous mixture of various frailty indexes is available with marked variance in their validation, leading to disparate clinical utility. The lack of a universally accepted definition for frailty, let alone in the method of creation or elements required in the formation of a frailty index, has resulted in a body of frailty literature lacking precision for predicting neurosurgical outcomes. In this review, we examine the role of reported frailty indexes in predicting postoperative outcomes after resection of metastatic spine tumors and aim to assist as a frailty guide for helping clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Roy
- Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, India; Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
| | - Christian A Bowers
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Kavelin Rumalla
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Michael M Covell
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Seattle, Washington DC, USA
| | - Syed Faraz Kazim
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Meic H Schmidt
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Nakagawa T, Fukui T, Ohsumi Y, Miyamoto E, Gotoh M. Association between oxygen consumption and stepping exercise standardized with a triaxial accelerometer. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 71:27-32. [PMID: 35941402 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-022-01860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE According to the current American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guideline, a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is indicated in patients with lung cancer being considered for lung surgery. The measurement of maximum oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text] max) is not sufficiently prevalent because it requires special technical equipment. Considering that stepping is a simple and common exercise, we aimed to establish a simple and reproducible test with standardization of exercise intensity using a triaxial accelerometer. METHODS Twenty healthy volunteers (10 male, 10 female) were included in the study. The subjects were obliged to step on the same spot at the rate of 80 and 110 counts for 1 min each and then step as quickly as possible for the last minute. Oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) (mL/kg/min) for every breath was continuously measured during the exercise. A triaxial accelerometer was attached to the hip of test subjects whereby metabolic equivalents (METs) at each test level were measured. RESULTS The mean age of the study subjects was 42.9 ± 11.4 (mean ± SD). The mean value of [Formula: see text] at each level increased linearly along with the stepping level in each individual but varied among subjects. Using METs instead of step counts minimized the difference in regression lines among subjects. A receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the possibility of [Formula: see text] prediction for the critical values of 10 and 20 mL/kg/min using METs. CONCLUSION A simple and reproducible stepping test was suggested as applicable to standardizing the intensity of exercise using a triaxial accelerometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Nakagawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tenri Hospital, 200 Mishima, Nara, Tenri, 632-8552, Japan.
| | - Takamasa Fukui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tenri Hospital, 200 Mishima, Nara, Tenri, 632-8552, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohsumi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tenri Hospital, 200 Mishima, Nara, Tenri, 632-8552, Japan
| | - Ei Miyamoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tenri Hospital, 200 Mishima, Nara, Tenri, 632-8552, Japan
| | - Masashi Gotoh
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tenri Hospital, 200 Mishima, Nara, Tenri, 632-8552, Japan
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7
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Franssen RFW, Eversdijk AJJ, Kuikhoven M, Klaase JM, Vogelaar FJ, Janssen-Heijnen MLG, Bongers BC. Inter-observer agreement of preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise test interpretation in major abdominal surgery. BMC Anesthesiol 2022; 22:131. [PMID: 35490221 PMCID: PMC9055752 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-022-01680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate determination of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) derived parameters is essential to allow for uniform preoperative risk assessment. The objective of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the inter-observer agreement of preoperative CPET-derived variables by comparing a self-preferred approach with a systematic guideline-based approach. METHODS Twenty-six professionals from multiple centers across the Netherlands interpreted 12 preoperative CPETs of patients scheduled for hepatopancreatobiliary surgery. Outcome parameters of interest were oxygen uptake at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (V̇O2VAT) and at peak exercise (V̇O2peak), the slope of the relationship between the minute ventilation and carbon dioxide production (V̇E/V̇CO2-slope), and the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES). Inter-observer agreement of the self-preferred approach and the guideline-based approach was quantified by means of the intra-class correlation coefficient. RESULTS Across the complete cohort, inter-observer agreement intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57-0.93) for V̇O2VAT, 0.98 (95% CI 0.95-0.99) for V̇O2peak, and 0.86 (95% CI 0.75-0.95) for the V̇E/V̇CO2-slope when using the self-preferred approach. By using a systematic guideline-based approach, ICCs were 0.88 (95% CI 0.74-0.97) for V̇O2VAT, 0.99 (95% CI 0.99-1.00) for V̇O2peak, 0.97 (95% CI 0.94-0.99) for the V̇E/V̇CO2-slope, and 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-0.99) for the OUES. CONCLUSIONS Inter-observer agreement of numerical values of CPET-derived parameters can be improved by using a systematic guideline-based approach. Effort-independent variables such as the V̇E/V̇CO2-slope and the OUES might be useful to further improve uniformity in preoperative risk assessment in addition to, or in case V̇O2VAT and V̇O2peak are not determinable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud F W Franssen
- Department of Clinical Physical Therapy, VieCuri Medical Center, Tegelseweg 210, 5912, BL, Venlo, the Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anne J J Eversdijk
- Department of Sports Medicine, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Mayella Kuikhoven
- Fanaticus Sports Medicine, Sports Medical Center, Groningen and Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Joost M Klaase
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - F Jeroen Vogelaar
- Department of Surgery, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Maryska L G Janssen-Heijnen
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Bart C Bongers
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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8
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Columbo JA, Demsas F, Wanken ZJ, Suckow BD, Beach JM, Henkin S, Goodney PP, Stone DH. Stress testing before abdominal aortic aneurysm repair does not lead to a reduction in perioperative cardiac events. J Vasc Surg 2021; 74:694-700. [PMID: 33684471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress testing is often used before abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Whether stress testing leads to a reduction in cardiac events after AAA repair has remained unclear. Our objective was to study the national stress test usage rates and compare the perioperative outcomes between centers with high and low usage of stress testing. METHODS We used the Vascular Quality Initiative to study patients who had undergone elective endovascular AAA repair (EVAR) or open AAA repair (OAR). We measured the usage rates of stress testing across centers and compared the Vascular Study Group of New England cardiac risk index (VSG-CRI) among patients who had and had not undergone preoperative stress testing. We determined the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a composite of perioperative myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure exacerbation, and death across the centers. We compared the MACE and 1-year mortality between the centers in the highest quintile of stress test usage and the lowest quintile. RESULTS We studied 43,396 EVAR patients and 8935 OAR patients across 324 centers. The median proportion of stress test usage across centers before EVAR was 35.9% and varied from 10.2% (5th percentile) to 73.7% (95th percentile), with similar variability for OAR (median, 57.9%; 5th percentile, 13.0%; 95th percentile, 86.0%). The mean VSG-CRI for the EVAR group with preoperative stress testing was 5.6 ± 2.1 compared with 5.4 ± 2.1 (P < .001) for the EVAR group without preoperative stress testing. The findings were similar for OAR, with a VSG-CRI of 5.1 ± 2.0 vs 4.8 ± 2.1 (P < .001) for those with and without preoperative stress testing, respectively. The rate of MACE was 1.8% after EVAR and 11.6% after OAR. The 1-year mortality was 4.6% for EVAR and 6.6% for OAR. The centers in the highest quintile of stress testing had a higher adjusted likelihood of MACE after both EVAR (odds ratio [OR], 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-2.30) and OAR (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.53-2.59) but similar 1-year mortality (EVAR: OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.37; OAR: OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.65-1.17) compared with the centers in the lowest quintile. The VSG-CRI was not different between the high stress test centers (EVAR, 5.5 ± 2.1; OAR: 5.0 ± 2.0), and low stress test centers (EVAR, 5.5 ± 2.1; P = .403; OAR, 4.9 ± 2.0; P = .563). CONCLUSIONS Stress test usage before AAA repair varied widely across Vascular Quality Initiative centers despite similar patient risk profiles. No reduction was observed in MACE or 1-year mortality among centers with high stress test usage. The value of routine stress testing before AAA repair should be reconsidered, and stress testing should be used more selectively, given these findings and the associated costs of widespread testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A Columbo
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH.
| | - Falen Demsas
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Zachary J Wanken
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Bjoern D Suckow
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Jocelyn M Beach
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Stanislav Henkin
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Philip P Goodney
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - David H Stone
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
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Voorn MJJ, Franssen RFW, Verlinden JMWF, Bootsma GP, de Ruysscher DK, Bongers BC, Janssen-Heijnen MLG. Associations between pretreatment physical performance tests and treatment complications in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 158:103207. [PMID: 33383208 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated which outcome variables and cut-off values of pretreatment exercise tests are associated with treatment complications in patients with stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines were followed. A total of 38 studies with adult patients undergoing treatment for stage I-III NSCLC who completed pretreatment exercise tests, and of whom treatment-related complications were recorded were included. A lower oxygen uptake at peak exercise amongst several other variables on the cardiopulmonary exercise test and a lower performance on field tests, such as the incremental shuttle walk test, stair-climb test, and 6-minute walk test, were associated with a higher risk for postoperative complications and/or postoperative mortality. Cut-off values were reported in a limited number of studies and were inconsistent. Due to the variety in outcomes, further research is needed to evaluate which outcomes and cut-off values of physical exercise tests are most clinically relevant.
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10
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES An increasing proportion of patients who are candidates for endoscopic sinus surgery can be treated as an outpatient. A preoperative risk assessment is needed to evaluate eligibility for day surgery. This study analyses the effectiveness of a risk assessment scoring system which examines medical, procedure-related, and socioeconomic factors. DESIGN Prospective multicenter study. SETTING Three center study including Klinik Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland and HNO-Klinik München-Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany. PARTICIPANTS Patients with endoscopic sinus procedures between January 1st, 2017 and December 31st, 2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The "day surgery risk score" consisted of three subgroups with medical, procedure-related and socioeconomic risk factors were assessed to determine if these predicted the severity of postoperative complications. RESULTS Three-hundred and one patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery were included. The score resulted in a median value of 5 [5, 5]. In the Receiver-Operating Curve (ROC-the true-positive rate against the false-positive rate), the Area Under the Curve (AUC) was 0.59 with 95% confidence interval from 0.49 to 0.69, indicating that the "day surgery risk score" may be no better at predicting the likelihood of a complication than a random classification model. CONCLUSIONS The "day surgery risk score" is a straightforward risk assessment which combines medical, procedure-related, and socioeconomic factors. The score is easy to use but in trying to decide whether a patient is eligible for ambulatory endoscopic sinus surgery it did not predict whether a complication was more likely to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Rudolf Briner
- Center for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinik Hirslanden, Witellikerstrasse 40, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Leunig
- Rhinology Center Munich and ENT-Clinic Dr. Gaertner GmbH, Possartstr. 27-31, 81679, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schlegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000, Lucerne 16, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Simmen
- Center for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinik Hirslanden, Witellikerstrasse 40, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Gomibuchi T, Seto T, Chino S, Mikoshiba T, Komatsu M, Tanaka H, Ichimura H, Yamamoto T, Ohashi N, Fuke M, Wada Y, Okada K. Skeletal muscle quality affects patient outcomes in acute type A aortic dissection. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2020; 30:739-745. [PMID: 32163575 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although skeletal muscle quantity is linked to surgical outcomes, quality remains unexamined. In this study, we evaluated whether skeletal muscle quality and quantity could predict surgical outcomes in acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). METHODS Skeletal muscle quality and quantity were evaluated using computed tomography (CT) values and the psoas muscle mass index, respectively. From May 2004 to December 2017, 324 ATAAD patients underwent aortic replacement after CT scans and psoas muscle mass index measurements. Patients were grouped into intramuscular fat (IMF; n = 55) and non-IMF (n = 269) deposition groups. RESULTS The mean ages of the patients were 72.3 ± 9.7 and 66.8 ± 12.1 years (P = 0.002), and hospital mortality rates were 3.6% (2/55) and 7.4% (20/269; P = 0.393) for IMF and non-IMF deposition groups, respectively. IMF deposition was a risk factor for a deterioration in activities of daily living at discharge by multivariable analysis [odds ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16-0.69; P = 0.003]. The mean follow-up was 43.9 ± 36.8 months. The 5-year survival was significantly worse for the IMF deposition group (IMF 73.8% vs non-IMF 88.2%; P = 0.010). The multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that IMF deposition significantly predicted poor survival (hazard ratio 3.26, 95% CI 1.47-7.24; P = 0.004), unlike psoas muscle mass index and age. CONCLUSIONS Skeletal muscle quality, defined by IMF deposition, was an independent predictor of overall survival and postoperative activities of daily living dependence risk in patients undergoing surgery for ATAAD. Thus, IMF deposition may be an additional risk factor for estimating late outcomes of ATAAD surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Gomibuchi
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuichiro Seto
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Chino
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Toru Mikoshiba
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Komatsu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Haruki Tanaka
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Ichimura
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takateru Yamamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Noburo Ohashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Megumi Fuke
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Wada
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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12
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Bongers BC, Dejong CHC, den Dulk M. Enhanced recovery after surgery programmes in older patients undergoing hepatopancreatobiliary surgery: what benefits might prehabilitation have? Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:551-9. [PMID: 32253075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.03.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to an aging population and the related growing number of less physically fit patients with multiple comorbidities, adequate perioperative care is a new and rapidly developing clinical science that is becoming increasingly important. This narrative review focuses on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) programmes and the growing interest in prehabilitation programmes to improve patient- and treatment-related outcomes in older patients undergoing hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery. Future steps required in the further development of optimal perioperative care in HPB surgery are also discussed. Multidisciplinary preoperative risk assessment in multiple domains should be performed to identify, discuss, and reduce risks for optimal outcomes, or to consider alternative treatment options. Prehabilitation should focus on high-risk patients based on evidence-based cut-off values and should aim for (partly) supervised multimodal prehabilitation tailored to the individual patient's risk factors. The program should be executed in the living context of these high-risk patients to improve the participation rate and adherence, as well as to involve the patient's informal support system. Developing tailored (multimodal) prehabilitation programmes for the right patients, in the right context, and using the right outcome measures is important to demonstrate its potential to further improve patient- and treatment-related outcomes following HPB surgery.
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13
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Columbo JA, Barnes JA, Jones DW, Suckow BD, Walsh DB, Powell RJ, Goodney PP, Stone DH. Adverse cardiac events after vascular surgery are prevalent despite negative results of preoperative stress testing. J Vasc Surg 2020; 72:1584-1592. [PMID: 32247699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiac risk assessment is a critical component of vascular disease management before surgical intervention. The predictive risk reduction of a negative cardiac stress test result remains poorly defined. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of postoperative cardiac events among patients with negative stress test results vs those who did not undergo testing. METHODS We reviewed all patients who underwent elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, suprainguinal bypass, endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), carotid endarterectomy (CEA), and infrainguinal bypass within the Vascular Study Group of New England from 2003 to 2017. We excluded patients with positive stress test results (n = 3312) and studied two mutually exclusive groups: elective surgery patients with a negative stress test result and elective surgery patients with no stress test (total n = 26,910). The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital postoperative cardiac events (dysrhythmia, heart attack, heart failure) or death. RESULTS A preoperative stress test was obtained in 66.3% of open repairs, 42.8% of suprainguinal bypasses, 37.1% of EVARs, 36.0% of CEAs, and 31.2% of infrainguinal bypasses. The proportion of patients receiving a preoperative stress test varied widely across centers, from 37.1% to 80.0%. The crude odds ratio of in-hospital postoperative cardiac event or death was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.76) for open repair and 1.52 (CI, 1.13-2.03) for suprainguinal bypass, indicating that patients with negative stress test results before these procedures were 37% and 52% more likely to suffer a postoperative event or die compared with patients selected to proceed directly to surgery without testing. Conversely, the crude odds ratio was 0.92 (CI, 0.66-1.29) for EVAR, 0.92 (CI, 0.70-1.21) for CEA, and 1.13 (CI, 0.90-1.40) for infrainguinal bypass, indicating that patients undergoing these procedures had a similar likelihood of sustaining an event whether they had a negative stress test result or proceeded directly to surgery without a stress test. CONCLUSIONS The use of cardiac stress testing before vascular surgery varies widely throughout New England. Whereas patients are often appropriately selected to proceed directly to surgery, a negative preoperative stress test result should not assuage the concern for an adverse outcome as these patients retain a substantial likelihood of cardiac events, especially after large-magnitude procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A Columbo
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH.
| | - J Aaron Barnes
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Douglas W Jones
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Bjoern D Suckow
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Daniel B Walsh
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Richard J Powell
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Philip P Goodney
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - David H Stone
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
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14
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Bongers BC, Dejong CHC, den Dulk M. Enhanced recovery after surgery programmes in older patients undergoing hepatopancreatobiliary surgery: what benefits might prehabilitation have? Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 47:551-559. [PMID: 32253075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.03.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to an aging population and the related growing number of less physically fit patients with multiple comorbidities, adequate perioperative care is a new and rapidly developing clinical science that is becoming increasingly important. This narrative review focuses on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) programmes and the growing interest in prehabilitation programmes to improve patient- and treatment-related outcomes in older patients undergoing hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery. Future steps required in the further development of optimal perioperative care in HPB surgery are also discussed. Multidisciplinary preoperative risk assessment in multiple domains should be performed to identify, discuss, and reduce risks for optimal outcomes, or to consider alternative treatment options. Prehabilitation should focus on high-risk patients based on evidence-based cut-off values and should aim for (partly) supervised multimodal prehabilitation tailored to the individual patient's risk factors. The program should be executed in the living context of these high-risk patients to improve the participation rate and adherence, as well as to involve the patient's informal support system. Developing tailored (multimodal) prehabilitation programmes for the right patients, in the right context, and using the right outcome measures is important to demonstrate its potential to further improve patient- and treatment-related outcomes following HPB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart C Bongers
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis H C Dejong
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Uniklinikum RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Marcel den Dulk
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Uniklinikum RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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15
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Kiriya Y, Toshiaki N, Shibasaki I, Ogata K, Ogawa H, Takei Y, Tezuka M, Seki M, Kato T, Lefor AK, Fukuda H. Sarcopenia assessed by the quantity and quality of skeletal muscle is a prognostic factor for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Surg Today 2020; 50:895-904. [PMID: 32112159 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-01977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sarcopenia was assessed as a prognostic factor for patients undergoing cardiac surgery by evaluating the quantity and quality of skeletal muscle. METHODS Sarcopenia was assessed by perioperative abdominal computed tomography using the total psoas muscle index (TPI) and intra-muscular adipose tissue content (IMAC). Patients were classified into high- (HT, n = 143) and low- (LT, n = 63) TPI groups and low- (LI, n = 122) and high- (HI, n = 84) IMAC groups. RESULTS There were significantly more complications in the LT and HI groups than in the HT and LI groups. (HT 15.4% vs. LT 30.2%, P = 0.014) (LI 11.5% vs. HI 31.1%, P < 0.001). There were more respiratory complications in the LT group (HT 0% vs. LT 6.3%, P = 0.002) and more surgical site infections in the HI group than in the LI group (LI 0.8% vs. HI 7.1%, P = 0.014). A multivariable analysis showed that low TPI and high IMAC significantly predicted more major complications than other combinations (odds ratio [OR] 2.375; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.152-5.783; P = 0.036, OR 3.973; 95% CI 1.737-9.088; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is a risk factor for complications. The quantity and quality of muscle must be assessed to predict operative outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000027077.
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16
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van Aalst FM, Verwijmeren L, van Dongen EPA, de Vries JPPM, de Groot E, Noordzij PG. Frailty and functional outcomes after open and endovascular procedures for patients with peripheral arterial disease: A systematic review. J Vasc Surg 2019; 71:297-306.e1. [PMID: 31331651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty has been associated with postoperative complications and mortality across surgical specialties, including vascular surgery. However, the influence of frailty on postoperative functional outcomes is unclear. We sought to determine the influence of frailty on functional outcomes after open or endovascular vascular procedures in patients with peripheral arterial disease. METHODS This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Eligible articles were identified through database searches of Pubmed and EMBASE in April 2017. Studies reporting on frailty and functional outcomes after vascular interventions for peripheral artery disease (PAD) were included. Outcomes of interest were dependency in activities of daily living (ADL), dependent mobility, discharge destination, disability-free survival, and quality of life. Individual studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. RESULTS Eight studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. The risk of bias was low in two studies, intermediate in three studies, and high in three studies. Methods for frailty assessment were different for each study. Frailty was a predictor for discharge to a higher level of care, dependent mobility, and dependency in ADL after vascular procedures for PAD. Both frailty models and individual frailty characteristics seem to be associated with these adverse functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Despite a limited amount of literature and an overall intermediate quality of the included studies, this systematic review shows an association between frailty and adverse functional outcomes after peripheral arterial procedures for PAD, including discharge to a care facility, dependent mobility, and a decline in ADL functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne M van Aalst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Verwijmeren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Eric P A van Dongen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul P M de Vries
- Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther de Groot
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G Noordzij
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
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17
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Abstract
The preanesthesia evaluation is an opportunity to elucidate a patient's underlying medical disease, determine if the patient is optimized, treat modifiable conditions, screen for potentially unrecognized disorders, and present the clear picture of the patient's overall risk for perioperative complications. This article presents the preoperative assessment of pulmonary patients in 2 sections. First, the components of a thorough assessment of patients presenting for preanesthesia evaluation, which should occur for all patients, regardless of the presence of pulmonary pathology, are discussed. Then, the considerations unique to patients with pulmonary diseases commonly encountered are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Selzer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, 12401 East 17th Avenue, 7th floor, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mona Sarkiss
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 409, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The central question of preoperative assessment is not “What can be done?” but “What should be done and how?” Predicting a patient’s risk of unwanted outcomes is vital to answering this question. This review discusses risk prediction tools currently available and anticipates future developments. Recent Findings Simple, parsimonious risk scales and scores are being replaced by complex risk prediction models as high-capacity information systems become ubiquitous. The accuracy of risk estimation will be further increased by improved assessment of physical fitness, frailty, and incorporation of existing and novel biomarkers. However, the limitations of risk prediction for individual patient care must be recognized. Summary Risk prediction is transforming from clinical estimation to statistical science. Predictions should be used within the context of a patient’s baseline risk (life expectancy independent of surgery), personal circumstances, quality of life, their expectations and values, and consideration of outcomes that are meaningful for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Ajitsaria
- 1Department of Anaesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Locked Bag 1 HRMC, Newcastle, NSW 2310 Australia.,2University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Sabry Z Eissa
- 1Department of Anaesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Locked Bag 1 HRMC, Newcastle, NSW 2310 Australia.,2University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Ross K Kerridge
- 1Department of Anaesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Locked Bag 1 HRMC, Newcastle, NSW 2310 Australia.,2University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
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19
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Ikeno Y, Koide Y, Abe N, Matsueda T, Izawa N, Yamazato T, Miyahara S, Nomura Y, Sato S, Takahashi H, Inoue T, Matsumori M, Tanaka H, Ishihara S, Nakayama S, Sugimoto K, Okita Y. Impact of sarcopenia on the outcomes of elective total arch replacement in the elderly†. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2017; 51:1135-1141. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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20
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Bekelis K, Rahmani R, Kim-Hyung J, Calnan D, MacKenzie TA. Association of Prior Falls with Adverse Outcomes After Neurosurgical Operations in the Elderly. World Neurosurg 2016; 99:320-325. [PMID: 28003169 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing number of elderly patients undergoing neurosurgical interventions, there are limited resources for preoperative assessment of frailty in this population. We investigated the association between recent history of falls and surgical outcomes for these patients. METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study of all patients, 65 years and older, undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures from 2014-2015 in a tertiary referral medical center. We examined the association of sustaining a fall in the 6 months before the operation with discharge to a facility, readmissions, and complications in the first 30 days after discharge. In order to control for confounding, we used multivariable regression models and propensity score conditioning. Mixed-effects models were used to control for clustering at the surgeon level. RESULTS During the study period, 143 elderly patients underwent a neurosurgical procedure and met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 53.1% had a history of falls preoperatively. Mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated an association between preoperative falls and discharge to a facility (odds ratio [OR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.47), 30-day readmissions (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.36-1.78), and 30-day complications (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.23). Similar associations were present in propensity score-adjusted models and models stratified by cranial and spinal procedures. CONCLUSIONS History of at least 1 fall in the 6 months before a neurosurgical operation was associated with increased risk of discharge to a facility, readmissions, and complications in the first 30 days after discharge. History of prior falls should be taken into account during the preoperative risk assessment of neurosurgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimon Bekelis
- Section of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
| | - Redi Rahmani
- Section of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Joon Kim-Hyung
- Section of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Daniel Calnan
- Section of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Todd A MacKenzie
- Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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21
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Tomlinson JH, Partridge JSL. Preoperative discussion with patients about delirium risk: are we doing enough? Perioper Med (Lond) 2016; 5:22. [PMID: 27594990 PMCID: PMC5009628 DOI: 10.1186/s13741-016-0047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative delirium is a common complication in the older surgical population, occurring in 10–50 % of cases. It is thought to be more common if an individual is identified as frail. Postoperative delirium is associated with poor outcome including higher mortality rates, prolonged length of hospital stay, increased care needs on discharge and longer term post-traumatic stress disorder. Guidelines from the American Geriatric Society and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence highlight the importance of risk assessment at the time of the preoperative visit. This enables the perioperative team to plan a care pathway that minimises the risk of delirium occurring postoperatively. Risk assessment also informs a discussion with patient and family regarding their risk, as part of a process of informed patient consent. This is an essential step in conforming to current legal and General Medical Council guidance on the process of consent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith H Tomlinson
- Department of Critical Care, University College Hospital, T03, 3RD floor, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU UK
| | - Judith S L Partridge
- Proactive care of Older People undergoing Surgery (POPS), Department of Ageing and Health, St Thomas' Hospital, 9th Floor North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK
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22
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The role of coronary angiography and revascularization, including percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) prior to noncardiac surgery remains poorly defined. The goal of preoperative angiography and PCI is improved risk stratification and ideally risk reduction of postoperative cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction (MI). By current guidelines, these procedures should be performed sparingly in high-risk stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and routinely in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Anatomic assessment of CAD by routine invasive angiography is discouraged, although noninvasive assessment may soon be possible. As prior trials have failed to show a clear benefit in outcomes, PCI should only be considered in patients with high-risk anatomic features. The ideal management of other anatomic disease discovered by angiography is currently unknown. Limited registry data suggest that PCI is used more frequently than recommended, although the features of these procedures remain poorly elaborated. In patients who do undergo preoperative PCI, careful attention must be paid to patient-specific factors including the nature and urgency of surgery and duration of dual antiplatelet therapy. In summary, substantial evidence gaps warrant further research in this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Schulman-Marcus
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1305 York Ave, 8th Avenue, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Raymond A Pashun
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 505 E 70th St, Suite 450, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Dmitriy N Feldman
- Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 520 E 70th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Rajesh V Swaminathan
- Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 520 E 70th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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23
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Kehmeier ES, Schulze VT; European Society of Cardiology., European Society of Anesthesiology. [Cardiovascular assessment and management prior to non-cardiac surgery. Comment on the new 2014 ESC/ESA guidelines]. Herz 2015; 40:1043-7. [PMID: 26612057 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-015-4377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In 2014 the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA) published an update of the guidelines on "non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management". Epidemiological data underline the relevance of these guidelines: a total of 5.7 million surgical procedures are performed per year in patients with increased cardiac risk and approximately 167,000 cardiac complications occur per year in Europe of which 19,000 are life-threatening. This new version of the guidelines highlights the patient characteristics, such as functional capacity and comorbidities and procedure-specific aspects for perioperative risk stratification. Decision-making for preoperative stress tests and coronary angiography has been simplified, procedure-specific risks have been revised and the role of multidisciplinary teamwork for high risk procedures is emphasized. A standardized stepwise approach on how to stratify patient-specific and procedure-associated risks has been established. For the first time, the guidelines recommend perioperative regimens on dual antiplatelet therapy and the new oral anticoagulants (NOAC).
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24
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Abstract
Because most older adults with hip fractures require urgent surgical intervention, the preoperative medical evaluation focuses on the exclusion of the small number of contraindications to surgery, and rapid optimization of patients for operative repair. Although many geriatric fracture patients have significant chronic medical comorbidities, most patients can be safely stabilized for surgery with medical and orthopedic comanagement by anticipating a small number of common physiologic responses and perioperative complications. In addition to estimating perioperative risk, the team should focus on intravascular volume restoration, pain control, and avoidance of perioperative hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Nicholas
- Division of Geriatrics, Highland Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 1000 South Avenue, Box 58, Rochester, NY 14610, USA.
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25
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Stefanelli F, Meoli I, Cobuccio R, Curcio C, Amore D, Casazza D, Tracey M, Rocco G. High-intensity training and cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and non-small-cell lung cancer undergoing lobectomy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 44:e260-5. [PMID: 23892298 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peak VO2, as measure of physical performance is central to a correct preoperative evaluation in patients with both non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because it is closely related both to operability criteria and the rate of postoperative complications. Strategies to improve peak VO2, as a preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation programme (PRP), should be considered favourably in these patients. In order to clarify the role of pulmonary rehabilitation, we have evaluated the effects of 3-week preoperative high-intensity training on physical performance and respiratory function in a group of patients with both NSCLC and COPD who underwent lobectomy. METHODS We studied 40 patients with both NSCLC and COPD, age < 75 years, TNM stages I-II, who underwent lobectomy. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (R and S): Group R underwent an intensive preoperative PRP, while Group S underwent only lobectomy. We evaluated peak VO2 in all patients at Time 0 (T0), after PRP/before surgery in Group R/S (T1) and 60 days after surgery, respectively, in both groups (T2). RESULTS There was no difference between groups in peak VO2 at T0, while a significant difference was observed both at T1 and T2. In Group R, peak VO2 improves significantly from T0 to T1: 14.9 ± 2.3-17.8 ± 2.1 ml/kg/min ± standard deviation (SD), P < 0.001 (64.5 ± 16.5-76.1 ± 14.9% predicted ± SD, P < 0.05) and deteriorates from T1 to T2: 17.8 ± 2.1-15.1 ± 2.4, P < 0.001 (76.1 ± 14.9-64.6 ± 15.5, P < 0.05), reverting to a similar value to that at T0, while in Group S peak VO2 did not change from T0 to T1 and significantly deteriorates from T1 to T2: 14.5 ± 1.2-11.4 ± 1.2 ml/kg/min ± SD, P < 0.00001 (60.6 ± 8.4-47.4 ± 6.9% predicted ± SD, P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS PRP was a valid preoperative strategy to improve physical performance in patients with both NSCLC and COPD and this advantage was also maintained after surgery.
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Robinson TN, Wu DS, Pointer L, Dunn CL, Cleveland JC, Moss M. Simple frailty score predicts postoperative complications across surgical specialties. Am J Surg 2013; 206:544-50. [PMID: 23880071 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our purpose was to determine the relationship between preoperative frailty and the occurrence of postoperative complications after colorectal and cardiac operations. METHODS Patients 65 years or older undergoing elective colorectal or cardiac surgery were enrolled. Seven baseline frailty traits were measured preoperatively: Katz score less than or equal to 5, Timed Up and Go test greater than or equal to 15 seconds, Charlson Index greater than or equal to 3, anemia less than 35%, Mini-Cog score less than or equal to 3, albumin less than 3.4 g/dL, and 1 or more falls within 6 months. Patients were categorized by the number of positive traits as follows: nonfrail: 0 to 1 traits, prefrail: 2 to 3 traits, and frail: 4 or more traits. RESULTS Two hundred one subjects (age 74 ± 6 years) were studied. Preoperative frailty was associated with increased postoperative complications after colorectal (nonfrail: 21%, prefrail: 40%, frail: 58%; P = .016) and cardiac operations (nonfrail: 17%, prefrail: 28%, frail: 56%; P < .001). This finding in both groups was independent of advancing age. Frail individuals in both groups had longer hospital stays and higher 30-day readmission rates. Receiver operating characteristic curves examining frailty's ability to forecast complications were colorectal (.702, P = .004) and cardiac (.711, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS A simple preoperative frailty score defines older adults at higher risk for postoperative complications across surgical specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Robinson
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado at Denver School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Ave, MS C313, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Surgery, Denver Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA.
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