Ringdal M, Bergbom I, Nilsson J, Karlsson V. Older patients' recovery following intensive care: A follow-up study with the
RAIN questionnaire.
Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2021;
65:103038. [PMID:
33775549 DOI:
10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103038]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate older patient recovery (65 years+) up to two years following discharge from an intensive care unit (ICU) using the Recovery After Intensive Care (RAIN) instrument and to correlate RAIN with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD).
METHODS
An explorative and descriptive longitudinal design was used. Eighty-two patients answered RAIN and HAD at least twice following discharge. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient records.
RESULTS
Recovery after the ICU was relatively stable and good for older patients at the four data collection points. There was little variation on the RAIN subscales over time. The greatest recovery improvement was found in existential ruminations from 2 to 24 months. A patient that could look forward and those with supportive relatives had the highest scores at all four measurements. Having lower financial situation was correlated to poorer recovery and was significant at 24 months. The RAIN and HAD instruments showed significant correlations, except for the revaluation of life subscale, which is not an aspect in HAD.
CONCLUSION
The RAIN instrument shows to be a good measurement for all dimensions of recovery, including existential dimensions, which are not covered by any other instrument.
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