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Baudin C, Vacquier B, Thin G, Chenene L, Guersen J, Partarrieu I, Louet M, Ducou Le Pointe H, Mora S, Verdun-Esquer C, Feuardent J, Rousseau F, Roy H, Bensefa-Colas L, Boyer L, Bernier MO. Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation in medical staff: trends during the 2009-2019 period in a multicentric study. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:5675-5684. [PMID: 36930262 PMCID: PMC10326158 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Health workers exposed to ionizing radiation account for + 50% of workers exposed to man-made radiation in France. Over the last decade, the use of radiation in medicine has increased due to the introduction of new practices. The EXposition des Professionnels de santE aux RayonnemenTs ioniSants study aims to evaluate and characterize the trends in radiation exposure of health workers in France between 2009 and 2019. METHODS This retrospective study includes all health workers with at least one dosimetric record in the system for occupational dosimetry registration (Système d'information de la surveillance de l'exposition aux rayonnements ionisants) database for each of the years 2009, 2014, and 2019, in the hospitals included in the study. Individual external doses and socio-professional data were collected. Statistical analyses include descriptions, graphs, and logistic regressions. RESULTS A total of 1457 workers were included (mean age: 39.8 years, 59% women). The average exposure significantly decreased between 2009 and 2019 (-0.008 mSv/year, p < 0.05). There were large discrepancies in trends according to professions, departments, hospitals, and gender. Over the 10-year study period, radiologic technologists and physicians were the most exposed (0.15 mSv (95%CI 0.14-0.16) and 0.13 mSv (0.06-0.21), respectively), but their exposure tended to decrease. Workers in nuclear medicine departments had the highest radiation exposure (0.36 mSv (0.33-0.39)), which remained stable over time. Thirty-eight percent of recorded doses were nonzero in 2009, decreasing to 20% in 2019. CONCLUSIONS This study allowed to identify physicians and radiologic technologists in nuclear medicine departments as the most exposed medical workers in France, and to show an overall decrease trend in radiation exposure. This should be instructive for radiation monitoring and safety of exposed medical workers. KEY POINTS • Radiation exposure of healthcare workers in most medical departments has steadily decreased between 2009 and 2019 in several French hospitals. • The number of zero doses consistently increased during the study period. • Workers in nuclear medicine departments are the most exposed, especially radiologic technologists and physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Baudin
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 31, avenue de la Division Leclerc, F-92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Blandine Vacquier
- Service Santé Travail Environnement, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillemette Thin
- Service de médecine du travail, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lamine Chenene
- Service central de santé au travail, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Joël Guersen
- CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Martine Louet
- Service de médecine du travail, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Mora
- Service Santé Travail Environnement, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Juliette Feuardent
- Bureau d'Analyse et de Suivi des Expositions Professionnelles, Institut de radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frédéric Rousseau
- Bureau d'Analyse et de Suivi des Expositions Professionnelles, Institut de radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Hervé Roy
- Bureau d'Analyse et de Suivi des Expositions Professionnelles, Institut de radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Louis Boyer
- CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Odile Bernier
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 31, avenue de la Division Leclerc, F-92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Du YN, Yang XY, Zeng Q. [Research progress of irradiation injuries anti-agents]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2023; 41:237-240. [PMID: 37006154 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210813-00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Irradiation injuries anti-agents refer to drugs that can inhibit the initial stage of radiation injuries, or reduce the development of radiation injuries and promote the recovery of injuries when used early after irradiation exposure. According to the mechanism of action and the time of intervention, the irradiation injuries anti-agents are divided into four categories: radioprotectors, radiomitigators, radiation therapeutics for external radiation exposure, and anti-agents for internalized radionuclides. In this paper, the research progress of irradiation injuries anti-agents in recent years is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Du
- Institute for Occupational Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - X Y Yang
- Institute for Occupational Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - Q Zeng
- Institute for Occupational Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
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Yang Y, Wang Q, Yu AQ, Bian YF. [Analysis of lens status of 4452 medical radiation workers in a city]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2022; 40:523-526. [PMID: 35915944 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210413-00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the lens condition of radiation workers in a city, explore the factors affecting lens opacity, and provide basis for strengthening the radiation protection management of radiation workers. Methods: In December 2020, according to the national radiation health monitoring project, the occupational health examination data of radiation workers in an occupational health examination institution in a city from December 2018 to November 2020 were collected, including the basic information of radiation workers and ophthalmic examination results. The lens conditions of radiation workers in different subgroups were analyzed, and the influencing factors of lens opacity were analyzed by multifactor logistic regression. Results: A total of 4452 radiation workers were included, of which 439 (9.9%) had lens opacity. The lens opacity rate of male radiation workers was higher than that of female radiation workers (P<0.05) . With the increase of age and length of service, the lens abnormalities of radiation workers increased (r(s)=0.269, 0.212, P<0.01) . The lens opacity rate of radiation workers engaged in nuclear medicine was high (12.7%, 9/71) . The rate of lens opacity in off-the-job medical examination radiation workers was high (18.3%, 26/142) . By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk of lens opacification in the age ≤30-year-old group and the >30-<50-year-old group were 0.087 times (95%CI: 0.058-0.132) and 0.076 times (95%CI: 0.054-0.107) that in the age ≥50-year-old group, respectively. The risk of lens opacification in the age ≤10-year-old group, >10-<20-year-old group and 20-30-year-old group were 0.293 (95%CI: 0.189-0.456) , 0.413 (95%CI: 0.256-0.666) and 0.318 (95%CI: 0.204-0.497) times, respectively. Conclusion: The lens opacity rate of radiation workers is related to age and working age.Attention should be paid to high-age and long-term radiation workers to ensure their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiological Health, Hangzhou Hospital for Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiological Health, Hangzhou Hospital for Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - A Q Yu
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiological Health, Hangzhou Hospital for Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Y F Bian
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiological Health, Hangzhou Hospital for Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Su YW, Lin QY, Wang JY, Zhang Y, Huang HB, Zhang WF, Liu YM. [Analysis of occupational health status of radiation workers in Guangdong Province]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2021; 39:278-281. [PMID: 33910288 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200302-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To discuss the effect of low-dose ionizing radiation on the health of radiation workers, and provide a basis for occupational health risk assessment of radiation workers. Methods: In January 2020, 3165 radiation workers who performed radiation occupational health examinations in Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Hospital for Occupational Disease from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected as the research objects, and compared and analyzed the health status of radiation workers with different examination types (pre-job, in-job and off-job) , types of work, gender, and length of service. Results: The off-job occupational radiological health examination was rare at 2.3% (74/3165) . The abnormal detection rate of chest radiographs, renal function, thyroid function, and blood routine of the radiation workers in-job group was higher than that of the pre-job group (P<0.05) . No statistical difference was found in the abnormal detection rate of the examination items during the in-job group and the off-job group (P>0.05) . The blood routine abnormality detection rate of medical application group and industrial application group were higher than those of nuclear fuel group (P<0.05) . The abnormal detection rate of blood pressure and renal function of male radiation workers was higher than that of females, while the abnormal detection rate of blood routine of females was higher than that of males (P<0.05) . The abnormal detection rate of electrocardiogram, chest radiograph, blood pressure, renal function, thyroid function, and blood routine of radiation workers increased with increasing working age (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Occupational health status of radiation workers is not optimistic. Radiation occupational health monitoring should be strengthened, special attention should be paid to off-job radiation occupational health examination, focusing on the sensitive indicators of sensitive personnel, improving radiation protection conditions, and effectively protecting the occupational health of radiation workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Su
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Q Y Lin
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - J Y Wang
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - H B Huang
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - W F Zhang
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Y M Liu
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
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Yar O, Onur MR, İdilman İS, Akpınar E, Akata D. Excessive z-axis scan coverage in body CT: frequency and causes. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:4358-4366. [PMID: 33241517 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and causing factors of excessive z-axis coverage in body CT examinations. METHODS A total of 2032 body CT examinations performed between 1 March and 1 April 2018 in 1531 patients were included in this study. The over-scanned length values in the z-axis for each CT examination on each patient were determined by calculating the difference between the actual scanned length and optimal scan length in the z-axis. Over-scanning and over-scanning ratios were interrogated in terms of potential underlying factors that can be affected by patient demography, time, the throughput of CT, and the experience of technologists. RESULTS Over-scanned CTs in z-axis were 66% of all CTs performed. CT scans were over-scanned in the cranial side in 18.4% and caudal side in 48.5% of patients. Over-scanning was found to be more frequent in 55-64-year-old age group (74%), thorax CTs (89.2%), patients with consciousness change (88.9%), patients with misleading findings related to lung apex or diaphragm on the scout images (76.6%), CTs performed in day shift (66.8 %), in CT with low daily scan (72.4%), and CT scans performed by less-experienced technologists (75.9%). CONCLUSIONS Over-scanning in z-axis in body CT examinations is not infrequently encountered in routine practice. Awareness of causes of over-scanning in z-axis can be helpful to prevent over-scanning in CT and unnecessary ionizing radiation exposure in patients. KEY POINTS • Over-scanning in z-axis frequently occurs in body CT. • The frequency of over-scanning in caudal side is higher than cranial side. • Chest CT and any CT performed in following situation were more prone to over-scanning: older patients, patients with consciousness change, presence of misleading findings on the scout images related to lung apex or diaphragm, day shift, CT with low daily scan, less-experienced technologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Yar
- Department of Radiology, Artvin Public Hospital, 08000, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ruhi Onur
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe Universitesi Tıp Fakultesi Hastanesi Sıhhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Erhan Akpınar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Akata
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Limirio PHJO, Soares PBF, Emi ETP, Lopes CDCA, Rocha FS, Batista JD, Rabelo GD, Dechichi P. Ionizing radiation and bone quality: time-dependent effects. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:15. [PMID: 30670063 PMCID: PMC6343359 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the ionizing radiation (IR) effects on rat bone 30 and 60 days after irradiation. Methods Wistar rats were submitted to IR (30 Gy) on the left leg and were euthanized after 30 and 60 days. The legs were divided into four groups according to the treatment and euthanization time: C30 and C60 (right leg–without IR), IR30 and IR60 (left leg-with IR). Results CT analysis showed more radiodensity in C60 compared with other groups, and IR60 showed more radiodensity than IR30. In histomorphometric analysis, C30 showed lower bone matrix values compared with IR30 and C60. Lacunarity analyses showed more homogeneous bone channel distribution in C30 than IR30. ATR-FTIR showed decrease in ratio of mature and immature crosslinks in IR30 compared with C30. Crystallinity Index was decrease in IR60 compared with C60. The Amide III + Collagen/HA ratio was increased in C60 compared with C30; however this ratio decreased in IR60 compared with IR30. Biomechanical analysis showed lower values in IR groups in both time. Conclusions IR damaged bone quality and decreased stiffness. Moreover, the results suggested that the deleterious effects of IR increased in the late time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Justino Oliveira Limirio
- Integrated Dental Clinic Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38.400-902, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares
- Integrated Dental Clinic Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38.400-902, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tadashi Pinto Emi
- Integrated Dental Clinic Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38.400-902, Brazil
| | - Camila de Carvalho Almança Lopes
- Integrated Dental Clinic Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38.400-902, Brazil
| | - Flaviana Soares Rocha
- Integrated Dental Clinic Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38.400-902, Brazil
| | - Jonas Dantas Batista
- Integrated Dental Clinic Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38.400-902, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Davi Rabelo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Faculdade de Odontologia - Campus Universitário - Bairro Martelos -, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-300, Brazil
| | - Paula Dechichi
- Integrated Dental Clinic Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38.400-902, Brazil.
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Wang R, Zhang N, Wang RH, Gao J, Zhao ZQ, Jia YP, Sun M. [Study on the three-dimensional mapping to reduce the X-ray exposure dose of interventional doctors in radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2018; 35:614-616. [PMID: 29081135 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the advantage of radiofrequency catheter ablation under the three-dimensional mapping in the treatment of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) in reducing the X-ray exposure dose of interventional doctors. Methods: 79 patients with AVNRT, in the first hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2015 to June 2016, performed to do radiofrequency catheter ablation treatment were selected, and according to the random number method were divided into two-dimensional mapping group and three-dimensional mapping group. The two-dimensional mapping group was mapped the ablation target at the X-ray, while the ablation target was mapped by CARTO 3 system in the three-dimensional mapping group. Compare the X-ray fluoroscopy time, success rate, complications rate and doctor's X-ray exposure dose between the two groups. Results: Compared with the two-dimensional mapping group, acute success rate and complication rate of the three dimensional mapping group were not statistically significant (P>0.05) , while the X-ray fluoroscopy time and the X-ray dose of the three-dimensional mapping group decreased significantly, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Three-dimensional mapping can significantly reduce the X-ray irradiation time and interventional doctor's X-ray exposure dose in radiofrequency catheter ablation of AVNRT patients and the potential hazards of ionizing radiation on the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Yang F, Xiong P, Yuan XL, Liu CR, Ran LJ, Yang Y, Li JY. [Association of XRCC1 gene polymorphism and low dose ionizing radiation with peripheral blood lymphocyte micronucleus]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2017; 35:189-192. [PMID: 28511303 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effects of X-ray repair cross complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) polymorphism and low dose ionizing radiation exposure on radiology professionals' peripheral blood lymphocyte micronucleus. Methods: A matched case-control study was designed. From 2013 to 2015, 1 102 radiology professionals with micronucleus test rusults, and 45 cases with present micronucleus were enroled into case group. 180 diagnostic radiology technicians detecting no micronucleus were chosen as control group, cases and controls were 1∶4 mached on gender, age ≤40 or >40 years old. According to the detection of micronucleus levels (0‰, 1‰, 2‰) , the objects of our study were divided into the reference group, the low detection group and the medium detection group. The form of radiation workers' occupational health examination was used to collect the general baseline of the research objects, history of smoking, drinking, poisonous and harmful material exposure, past medical history, accumulated illuminated dose and lymphocyte micronucleus rates (‰) , etc. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) technology for genotyping; Compared the baseline data and radiation exposure level between the differentmicrokernel detection groups; Adopted multivariate logistic regression to analysis the combination effect of XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism and accumulated illuminated dosefor micronucleus rate. Results: The accumulated illuminated dose in the reference group, the low detection group and the medium detection group were (23.44±15.23) , (21.76±2.56) , (24.22±18.61) mSv, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups (P>0.05) . Under the dominant inheritance mode, after adjusted age, smoking and drinking factors, the results suggested that XRCC1 Arg399Gln micronucleus medium detection group compared with the reference group, Arg399Gln-GG as reference, Arg399Gln-GA+AA decreased the occurrence of micronucleus (OR=0.175, 95%CI: 0.036-0.848) . Arg194Trp and Arg280His did not affect the incidence of micronucleus (P>0.05) . Did not find the combination effect of XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism and accumulated illuminated dose for micronucleus rate (P>0.05) . Conclusion:XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism can affect the incidence of micronucleus, and carrying the XRCC1 Arg399Gln-GA+AA genotype is a protective factor of micronucleus's occurrence, but low dose ionizing radiation may not affect the occurrence of micronucleus independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
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Lesyuk O, Sousa PE, Rodrigues SIDES, Abrantes AF, de Almeida RPP, Pinheiro JP, Azevedo KB, Ribeiro LPV. Study of scattered radiation during fluoroscopy in hip surgery. Radiol Bras 2016; 49:234-240. [PMID: 27777477 PMCID: PMC5073390 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2014.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To measure the scattered radiation dose at different positions simulating hip
surgery. Materials and Methods We simulated fluoroscopy-assisted hip surgery in order to study the
distribution of scattered radiation in the operating room. To simulate the
patient, we used a anthropomorphic whole-body phantom, and we used an
X-ray-specific detector to quantify the radiation. Radiographs were obtained
with a mobile C-arm X-ray system in continuous scan mode, with the tube at
0º (configuration 1) or 90º (configuration 2). The operating parameters
employed (voltage, current, and exposure time) were determined by a
statistical analysis based on the observation of orthopedic surgical
procedures involving the hip. Results For all measurements, higher exposures were observed in configuration 2. In
the measurements obtained as a function of height, the maximum dose rates
observed were 1.167 (± 0.023) µSv/s and 2.278 (± 0.023)
µSv/s in configurations 1 and 2, respectively, corresponding to the
chest level of health care professionals within the operating room. Proximal
to the patient, the maximum values were recorded in the position occupied by
the surgeon. Conclusion We can conclude that, in the scenario under study, health care professionals
workers are exposed to low levels of radiation, and that those levels can be
reduced through the use of personal protective equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Lesyuk
- Radiology Technician, Professor in the Department of Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy of the Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade do Algarve (ESSUAlg), Faro, Portugal
| | - Patrick Emmanuel Sousa
- PhD, Physics Engineer, Professor in the Department of Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy of the Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade do Algarve (ESSUAlg), Faro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Isabel do Espirito Santo Rodrigues
- MSc, Radiology Technician, Professor in the Department of Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy of the Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade do Algarve (ESSUAlg), Faro, Portugal
| | - António Fernando Abrantes
- PhD, Professor and Head of the Department of Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy of the Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade do Algarve (ESSUAlg), Faro, Portugal
| | - Rui Pedro Pereira de Almeida
- MsC, Radiology Technician, Graduate Student at the Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain, Professor in the Department of Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy of the Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade do Algarve (ESSUAlg), Faro, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Pinheiro
- MSc, Doctoral Student at the Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Professor in the Department of Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy of the Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade do Algarve (ESSUAlg), Faro, Portugal
| | - Kevin Barros Azevedo
- PhD, Professor in the Department of Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy of the Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade do Algarve (ESSUAlg), Faro, Portugal
| | - Luís Pedro Vieira Ribeiro
- PhD, Professor in the Department of Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy of the Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade do Algarve (ESSUAlg), Faro, Portugal
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Antebi U, Mathor MB, da Silva AF, Guimarães RP, Honda EK. Effects of ionizing radiation on proteins in lyophilized or frozen demineralized human bone. Rev Bras Ortop 2016; 51:224-30. [PMID: 27069893 PMCID: PMC4812029 DOI: 10.1016/j.rboe.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim was to study the effects of application of ionizing radiation (gamma and electrons) as sterilizing agents at doses of 15 kGy, 25 kGy and 50 kGy, on lyophilized or frozen demineralized bone tissue for use in transplants. Methods Five human femoral diaphyses from different donors of musculoskeletal tissue were demineralized and preserved as lyophilized or frozen at −80 °C. The samples were divided into two groups: non-irradiated (control) and irradiated by means of gamma rays or an electron beam. The bone proteins were extracted and used to determine the concentrations of total protein and BMP 2 and 7. Results Decreases in total protein and BMP 2 and 7 concentrations were observed. The decreases in total protein concentrations, in comparison with the respective control groups, were significant in the lyophilized and frozen samples that were irradiated at a dose of 50 kGy of gamma radiation and electron beam, with reductions of more than 30%. Significant decreases in the levels of BMP 2 and 7 were also observed at higher doses and especially through use of the electron beam. Conclusion The reductions in the concentrations of total proteins and osteoinductive proteins (BMP 2 and 7) were related to the radiation dose, i.e. they increased with higher doses of ionizing radiation type and the type of bone preservation. The largest reductions in concentrations were observed in the bones irradiated by means of an electron beam and at a dose of 50 kGy. However, this type of radiation and this high dose are not usual practices for sterilization of bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Antebi
- Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - André Ferreira da Silva
- Instituto Paulista de Cirurgia do Quadril e Joelho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
A wide variety of factors have been shown to influence the male to female ratio at birth, which invariably displays a male excess. This paper will review and amplify recent work by the author, with specific references to individual countries, regions and entire continents in order to provide a global overview of this subject. It will be shown that stress, including stress related to political events, influences this ratio. Man-made radiation is also shown to have played a significant role in relation to the Windscale fire (1957) and Chernobyl (1986).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Grech
- Academic Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta.
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