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Grahn K, Broberg K, Gustavsson P, Ljungman P, Lindfors P, Sjöström M, Wiebert P, Selander J. Occupational exposure to particles and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease-during work and after vacation. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1537-1548. [PMID: 35819531 PMCID: PMC9424160 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Ambient particle matter is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about associations between particles in occupational settings and risk of CVD. We investigated associations between occupational dust exposure and biomarkers of CVD, and potential recovery effects after vacation. Methods Personal dust exposure measurements (respirable silica, respirable dust < 4 µm, and particles of 0.1–10 µm (PM 0.1–10) were conducted once, and biological sampling were performed twice on non-smoking, male construction workers in Stockholm county, Sweden; during work and immediately after summer vacation. Linear regressions with adjustments for confounders and covariates were performed evaluating associations between occupational dust exposure and biomarkers. Paired t tests were performed evaluating changes before and after vacation. Results Sixty-five workers participated. Homocysteine concentrations were significantly higher with increasing concentrations (mg/m3) of respirable silica, respirable dust, and PM 0.1–10, and pulse rate with higher levels of respirable dust and dust of PM 0.1–10. Homocysteine levels were also positively correlated to number of years of dust exposure, as were low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. A clear recovery effect was present for LDL after vacation, but not for homocysteine. Conclusions Occupational dust exposure was associated with some CVD risk markers, even at mean exposure concentrations below the Swedish occupational exposure limits for respirable silica and respirable dust, respectively. Vacation resulted in recovery for some risk markers. However, the change of the homocysteine and LDL levels suggest a long-term effect. Reduction of occupational exposure to dust may decrease the risk of CVD among exposed workers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00420-022-01900-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Grahn
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Gustavsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Petra Lindfors
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Sjöström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Wiebert
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Selander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yang X, Lu D, Zhu B, Sun Z, Li G, Li J, Liu Q, Jiang G. Phase transformation of silica particles in coal and biomass combustion processes. Environ Pollut 2022; 292:118312. [PMID: 34627962 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of respirable silica particles can cause serious lung diseases (e.g., silicosis and lung cancer), and the toxicity of respirable silica is highly dependent on its crystal form. Common combustion processes such as coal and biomass burning can provide high temperature environments that may alter the crystal forms of silica and thus affect its toxic effects. Although crystalline silica (i.e., quartz, tridymite, and cristobalite) were widely found at different temperatures during the burning processes, the sources and crystal transformation pathways of silica in the burning processes are still not well understood. Here, we investigate the crystal transformation of silica in the coal and biomass combustion processes and clarify the detailed transformation pathways of silica for the first time. Specifically, in coal burning process, amorphous silica can transform into quartz and cristobalite starting at 1100 °C, and quartz transforms into cristobalite starting at 1200 °C; in biomass burning process, amorphous silica can transform into cristobalite starting at 800 °C, and cristobalite transforms into tridymite starting at 1000 °C. These transformation temperatures are significantly lower than those predicted by the classic theory due to possibly the catalysis of coexisting metal elements (e.g., aluminum, iron, and potassium). Our results not only enable a deeper understanding on the combustion-induced crystal transformation of silica, but also contribute to the mitigation of population exposure to respirable silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dawei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Möhner M, Pohrt A, Gellissen J. Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica and chronic non-malignant renal disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 90:555-574. [PMID: 28409224 PMCID: PMC5583269 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background While occupational exposure to respirable silica is known to lead to lung disease, most notably silicosis, its association with chronic kidney disease is unclear. Objectives This review explores the association between occupational exposure to respirable silica and chronic non-malignant renal disease such as glomerulonephritis. The evidence has been collected and compiled. Possible sources of bias are thoroughly discussed. Methods Cohort studies with silica exposure and case–control studies of renal disease were searched in PubMed until January 2015. Two authors independently abstracted data; any disagreement was resolved by consulting a third reviewer. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association to silica exposure. Results A total of 23 cohort and four case–control studies were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis of cohort studies yielded elevated overall SMRs for renal disease. Some studies, however, included dose–response analyses, most of which did not show a positive trend. The approaches and results of the case–control studies were very heterogeneous. Conclusions While the studies of cohorts exposed to silica found elevated SMRs for renal disease, no clear evidence of a dose–response relationship emerged. The elevated risk may be attributed to diagnostic and methodological issues. In order to permit a reliable estimation of a possible causal link, exposed cohorts should be monitored for renal disease, as the information from mortality studies is hardly reliable in this field. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00420-017-1219-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Möhner
- Division of Work and Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstr. 40/42, 10317, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anne Pohrt
- Division of Work and Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstr. 40/42, 10317, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Gellissen
- Division of Work and Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstr. 40/42, 10317, Berlin, Germany
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